How to distinguish between an official kiln and a Ru kiln? What is the difference between the offici

Ru kiln . Henan Province is an important production area of porcelain in northern China, and many porcelain kilns are concentrated in central Henan. In the Song Dynasty, there were several well-known porcelain kilns here, and Linru kiln was one of them.

Part of the porcelain used in the court is Ru kiln, one of the five famous kilns of the Song Dynasty; The other part burns folk porcelain, in order to facilitate the distinction, it is now called Linru kiln.

The main characteristics of Ru kiln are:

First, the glaze is green and moist.

Second, created a special style of celadon printing.

3. There are very fine stripes throughout the body, like ice cracks and crab claws, but there are also cracks.

Fourth, there are small nail burn marks at the bottom. This is due to the fact that Ru kiln has changed the practice of re-firing the kiln and is supported by small nails.

Kiln. It is said that during the reign of Song Daguan and Zhenghe, Huizong ordered a kiln to be built in Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan Province) to burn porcelain for the use of the court, which is the so-called "official kiln".

In order to distinguish it from the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty, it is sometimes called the official kilns of the Northern Song Dynasty.

The glaze color of the products of the official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty is the moon white, followed by pink green, azure, and emerald green. There are small cracks such as ice cracks, plum blossoms, crab claws, and oil spots with eel blood in the glaze.

The Bianjing official kiln of the Northern Song Dynasty ended with the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, and Gaozong set up a new kiln in Hangzhou after crossing to the south, which is the continuation of the Bianjing official kiln, because it is called the official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, there were two official kilns in Lin'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). One is in the back garden under the Phoenix Mountain, which is known as the official kiln of the Xiu Neisi; The other is under the suburban altar, which is called the official kiln under the suburban altar. The "Treatise on Gegu" says:

The official kiln, the Song Xiu Neisi burner, the soil veins are fine, the color is blue with pink, the shades are different, there are crab claw patterns, purple mouth, iron feet, and the good ones are similar to the Ru kiln.

1. The period of appearance is different.

The official kiln first originated in the Tang Dynasty, and the government-run porcelain appeared during the Five Dynasties; In the Tang Dynasty, there was a secretary appointed to supervise the court and migrant workers to fire porcelain in the porcelain-producing area. The period of the emergence of the folk kiln is much earlier than the official kiln, and the ceramics were first produced in the folk, that is, the ceramics produced before the kiln factory formulated by the first are from the folk kiln.

2. The nature of the business is different.

The nature of the operation of official kilns is generally a kiln factory run by the government or managed and supervised by the government. Compared with the official kiln, the nature of the operation of the private kiln is that it is set up spontaneously by the people, and has no official background or is restricted by the government.

3. The use of the product is different.

The products produced by the official kilns are generally exclusively for the imperial court and official use. The products produced by the kiln are mainly used in the domestic and foreign markets, and are mainly characterized by commodity.

4. The scale of development is different.

The proportion of the private kiln in the output is much larger than that of the official kiln, and in the Qing Dynasty, the private kiln occupied an overwhelming advantage, and the official kiln porcelain was also produced by the private kiln.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Official Kiln.

Encyclopedia - Folk kiln.

Summary. When it comes to Ru kiln, many people will think of the glaze color of azure, like the sky after rain, which is the most intuitive feature of Ru kiln.

In addition, the glaze of Ru kiln porcelain often has small open pieces, which are called "caviar patterns" or "crab claw patterns". The only one that has not been opened is the daffodil basin in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, China. The two characteristics of the opening piece and the azure glaze are familiar to most people.

However, there are two "hidden features" of the mysterious Ru kiln artifact, which can only be understood after close contact with it.

The first hidden feature can be summed up in a quote from the appraisal world: "Sesame nail glaze satisfies".

How to distinguish between an official kiln and a Ru kiln?

When it comes to Ru kiln, many people will think of the glaze color of azure, like the sky after rain, which is the most intuitive feature of Ru kiln. In addition, the glaze of Ru kiln porcelain often has small open pieces, which are called "caviar patterns" or "crab claw patterns". The only one that has not been opened is the daffodil basin in the collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, China.

The two characteristics of the opening piece and the azure glaze are familiar to most people. However, there are two "hidden features" of the mysterious Ru kiln artifact, which can only be understood after close contact with it. The first hidden feature can be summed up in a phrase from the appraisal community:

Sesame nail glaze satisfies ".

The biggest feature of the official kiln utensils is four words: purple iron feet. The color of the bottom of the object is very dark, as if it is made of iron, and it often shows a faint purple color at the edge of the mouth.

Guan kiln and Ru kiln are famous ceramic kilns in the history of Jingdezhen, China. The official kiln refers to the professional porcelain kiln set up by the government of the Sui and Tang dynasties in northern China, which mostly produces official kiln porcelain; The Ru kiln refers to the ceramic kiln mouth produced in the Ruzhou region of southern China, mainly producing Ru kiln porcelain.

Regarding the difference between official kilns and ruyao kilns, different scholars and artists have different interpretations. Generally speaking, the difference between the official kiln and the Ru kiln is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First of all, the raw materials are different. The raw materials used in the official kiln include kaolin, volcanic ash, quartz sand, feldspar, etc.; Ru kilns, on the other hand, use special clay, which has strong ceramic molding properties after years of precipitation and improvement, and can be made into high-quality porcelain.

Secondly, the production process is different. The production process of official kiln porcelain usually includes kiln change, glaze change, color change, painting and decoration, etc., while Ru kiln porcelain leather ware pays more attention to hand-made skills, including pottery, glaze, decoration and other links.

Again, the stylistic features are different. The porcelain style of the official kiln is mainly heavy, strong and concise, focusing on static beauty, emphasizing the practicality and dressing function of the utensils; The porcelain of Ru kiln pursues the connotation of pure beauty, elegance, culture and art, and pays more attention to the brushstrokes of creation and the humanistic color in the process of hand-making.

In general, both the Guan kiln and the Ru kiln are outstanding representatives of ancient Chinese porcelain art, and they have unique styles and characteristics of the Antju clan in terms of firing process, shape, decoration and function. By comparing and appreciating the beauty of the two types of porcelain, we can better understand the profoundness and profundity of ancient Chinese porcelain art. <>

The difference between official kiln porcelain and Ru kiln is: different origins, different porcelain glazes, and different grains.

First, the origin history is different.

1. Official kiln: Firing began more than 1,700 years ago, and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty.

2. Ru kiln: Ru kiln began in Xuande official kiln.

Second, the porcelain glaze is different.

1. Official kiln: the celadon glaze layer is rich, the glaze color is green, the luster is soft, the crystal is moist, and it is better than jadeite.

2. Ru kiln: The basic color of the porcelain glaze limb is a faint azure, commonly known as "duck eggshell cyan", the glaze layer is not thick, and it changes with the turning point of the shape, showing a change in the shade of shade.

Third, the grain is different.

1. Official kiln: the quaint pattern is a means of decoration, such as ice cracks, crab claw patterns, cow hair patterns, flowing water patterns, caviar patterns, food blood patterns, garbage fragments, etc.

2. Ru kiln: There are often open pieces such as fish scales and cicada wings, and the brown color will be attached to the cracks after a long time, forming irregular changes and staggered patterns, so it feels lubricated like grease, like the beauty of jade and non-jade.

Encyclopedia - Official kiln.

Encyclopedia - Ru kiln.

You can identify Ru kiln porcelain by looking at the production, shape, glaze and decoration. **Ru kiln fine workmanship, proportional coordination, soft glaze, charm painting style, imitation Ru kiln rough workmanship, proportional imbalance, glaze dazzling, rough painting style, lack of charm, do not have the characteristics of opening.

The ** from Ru porcelain is hand-drawn at a glance, with exquisite workmanship and free edges and corners, while the imitations from Ru porcelain mostly belong to the mechanism, with extensive workmanship and prominent edges and corners. Second, look at the shape, Ru porcelain's ** tire wall is thin, the proportion is balanced, solemn and generous, while the imitation tire wall thickness of Ru porcelain is disproportionate.

Looking at the glaze color, the real Ru porcelain products are as soft as jasper, while the imitation Ru porcelain products are as bright as a mirror, which is dazzling. At the same time, the ** of Ru porcelain is glazed with agate, which can form a special color, while the imitation glaze formula of Ru porcelain is inconsistent with **, with a single glaze color and lack of change.

Look at the binding, the real composition of Ru porcelain is rigorous, the image is vivid, if there is charm, and the imitation of Ru porcelain is deliberately imitated, so the painting style is rough, the image is dull, and the charm is lacking. In addition, real Ru porcelain products are glazed with slight cracks in the glaze. After the tea leaves are soaked, the brown color will slowly seep into these crevices, which is also called "open".

Imitations of Ru porcelain naturally do not exist.