How to use the measurement method of industrial advantage index! Detailed metering steps

There are two common ways to examine the comparative advantage of a country's industry. One is to measure a country's or region's comparative advantage using the Net Trade Ratio (NTR) index, which is expressed as a ratio of net exports to imports and exports**

ntrki＝（xki－mki）/(xki+mki) （1）

Among them: X stands for export, M stands for import, I stands for country, and K stands for product classification. Since the NTR index only considers a country's imports and exports, and does not consider the share of the world market (SWM) of that country's imports and exports, it cannot fully reflect the comparative advantage of a country's products.

The other is the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) proposed by Balassa. In his view, the apparent comparative advantage of country i's export product k is measured by the share of that product in the country's total exports relative to its share in world exports, i.e.:

rcakxi＝（xki/xi）/(wkx/w) （2）

Where: x stands for exports, W stands for world exports (or imports); i stands for country and k stands for product classification. The RCA index reflects the comparative advantage of a country's exports of a certain product compared with the average export level of the world, it excludes the impact of national aggregate fluctuations and world aggregate fluctuations, and better reflects the relative advantages of the product, so since the 80s of the 20th century, the index measurement method has been used as the most commonly used indicator to measure comparative advantage.

It is generally believed that if the RCA index is greater than it, it has a strong competitive advantage; If it is less than but greater than, it has a strong competitive advantage; If it is in between, it has a medium competitive advantage; If it is less than, it has a weak competitive advantage.

I'm sorry, I can't help you, because I don't understand, sorry!

Econometrics is based on certain economic theories and statistical data, so if you want to use econometrics, you must first understand economic theory, construct econometric models on the basis of theory, or use economic theory to put forward reasonable explanations for measurement results.

Secondly, the use of econometrics also needs to understand econometric theory, know a variety of models and corresponding parameter estimation methods, although now statistical software is very developed, many people do not understand econometric theory can do measurement, but understand the theory can have a deeper understanding of the various results of the software run, will also reduce the misuse and misuse of econometric models. Only by understanding the theory can we have a deeper understanding of why stationarity tests, heteroskedasticity tests, sequence correlation tests, collinearity tests, etc., and can also know more deeply their effects on the properties of variable estimation unbiasedness, validity, consistency, etc., so as to select reasonable items for testing.

In addition, it is also very important to understand a variety of test methods such as statistical test and econometric test, and the measurement results must conform to economic common sense and theory, including whether the parameter estimator is positive or negative, the relationship with 1 (which may be involved when examining elasticity), and whether the sum of the two parameters is significantly different from 1 (Cobb Douglas function, capital and labor coefficient), etc.

Econometrics is an economic discipline that quantitatively analyzes and studies the relationship of economic variables with random characteristics on the basis of certain economic theories and statistical data, using mathematics, statistical methods and computer technology, and taking the establishment of econometric models as the main means. The main topics include theoretical econometrics and applied econometrics. Theoretical econometrics mainly studies how to apply, transform and develop the method of mathematical statistics to make it a special method for the determination of stochastic economic relations.

Applied econometrics is to use econometric methods to study the practical application of economic mathematical models or explore empirical economic laws based on statistical data that reflect facts under the guidance of certain economic theories.

You can just pull out the relevant part and send the full text over how to read it

Important value (SDR4) = (relative density + relative coverage + relative frequency + relative height) 4 100 %.

1) Shannon-Wiener diversity index (h) h = - pi pi

2) Simpon diversity index (D) d=1- (pi)2

3) Pielou evenness index (jp) jp = -(pi pi) s

4) Alataloo Uniformity Index (EA) ea=[(pi2)-1 -1] [exp(-pi pi)-1].

5) Margalef richness index (mA) mA=(s-1) lnn

6) Patrick richness index (PA) Pa=s

where: s — the number of species in the community; n—the sum of the number of individuals of all species in the community; ni—the number of individuals of species i in the community; pi=ni/n。

: the number of species, i.e. the richness; The equitability or evenness of the distribution of individuals in a species. The number of species is large, which can increase diversity; Similarly, increased uniformity in the distribution of individuals between species leads to increased diversity.

This is very convenient with Excel.

But what is UE and how to measure it, this you have to provide.

Hello, how is the index calculated? **The index is calculated as follows:

1) Arithmetic stock price index method. The arithmetic stock price index method is based on a trading day, multiplying the reciprocal of the number of samples collected by the sum of the ratio of the number of samples collected by the number of samples ** and the base period, and then multiplying by the index value of the base period, and the calculation formula is:

Arithmetic stock price index = 1 Number of samples collected Presentation period** Base period**) Base period index value.

2) Arithmetic mean. is the arithmetic mean of calculating all the constituent samples of this stock price index.

Weighted average method. is the weighted average of all the constituent samples in this stock price index. Usually weights are allocated based on the total market value or the total number of shares listed at the time of each type of **.

Stock price indices in most countries around the world are calculated using the weighted average method, such as the S&P index, the Paris Exchange Index, the Commerzbank Merzbank Index, the Commerzbank Bank of Italy Index, the Toronto 300 Index, and the Tokyo Stock Exchange Index.

4) Divisor correction method. It is also known as the Dao Correction Method, which is a method for calculating the average number invented by Dow Jones Company in the United States in 1928 in order to overcome the shortcomings of the simple average method. The core of this method is to find a constant divisor to correct the changes in the total stock price caused by factors such as paid capital increase and ** dissolution, so as to truthfully reflect the average stock price.

The specific method is to take the total new stock price after the above situation change as the numerator, and the old stock price average as the denominator, calculate a divisor, and then remove the total stock price of the statement period, and the resulting average stock price is called the Dao modified average stock price. It is calculated as follows:

The divisor = the total amount of the new stock price after the change and the average of the old stock price.

Modified average stock price = total stock price during the filing period divisor.

5) Cardinal correction method. The intention of this law is that due to the occurrence of a paid capital increase, new stock listing or listing repeal, etc., the number of listed shares will change and the total stock price will change. The method is to find the ratio of the total current price before and after the change of the number of listed shares, and multiply the total stock price of the original base period by this ratio to be the revised value of the base period.

The formula is: the revised value of the base period = the total stock price of the original base period The total stock price after the change of the number of listed shares The total stock price before the change of the number of listed shares.

This information does not constitute any investment advice and should not be relied upon by investors as a substitute for their independent judgment or decision making based solely on such information.

An index is an indicator that describes the change in the level of the market in general. It is to select a representative group of **, and carry out a weighted average of their **, which is obtained through a certain calculation. The specific selection and calculation methods of various indices are different, and there are mainly the following three types:

One is the relative method, the second is the comprehensive method, and the third is the weighting method.

1) Relative law.

The relative method, also known as the average method, is to calculate the ** index of each sample first. Add it up to find the arithmetic mean of the total. It is calculated as follows:

Index = sum of indices of n samples

The UK's Economist General** Index uses this calculation.

2) Composite approach.

The comprehensive method is to first sum the base period and reporting period ** of the sample ** separately, and then compare them to obtain the ** index. Namely:

**Index = Sum of stock prices in the reporting period Sum of stock prices in the base period.

From the perspective of the average method and the comprehensive method to calculate the ** index, both do not take into account the different issuance and trading volume of various samples, and the impact on the stock price of the whole market, so the calculated index is not accurate enough. In order to make the ** index calculation accurate, it is necessary to add a weight, which can be either the trading volume or the issuance volume.

3) Weighting method.

The weighted ** index is weighted according to the relative importance of the sample ** in each period, and its weight can be the number of shares traded, ** issuance, etc. By time, the weights can be either base options or reported options.

There are three types: one is the relative method, the second is the comprehensive method, and the third is the weighting method.

There are two kinds, average and weighted average.

There is basically no handling fee for the company, only interest. You come and go.

Allocation of funds** uses the principle of leverage to meet the investment needs of most investors. The willows are bright.

The risk is directly proportional to the return, and the greater the return, the higher the risk, so choose the appropriate leverage ratio when allocating funds. Ambiguous.

Allocation** is to invest by amplifying the investment fund through the leverage ratio, and of course, it also amplifies the profit of the investor

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