Why increase transfer payments, what is transfer payments, and how to explain transfers ,

Transfer Payment Definition:

Transfer payment is a kind of subsidy between **. It is based on the differences in financial capacity between the levels and the realization of the equalization of the level of public services in various places, and the implementation of a financial fund transfer or financial balance system.

Transfer Payment Reason:

One of the reasons is that the fiscal capacity of some localities** is very low, and the revenue received is not enough to meet the needs of spending on the most basic public services with average tax efforts.

Reason 2: The externalities that exist in the provision of public goods will lead to an insufficient supply of public goods.

Reason 3: Local governments have their priorities and priorities in fiscal expenditure and investment, and this may contradict the investment focus considered nationwide and the screening criteria for investment projects.

Types of transfer payments:

1.General transfer payments, mainly financial subsidies from the other party, do not specify the purpose, and the local government can arrange the expenditure independently;

2.Special transfer payments mainly serve the specific policy objectives of the government, and the local government shall use the funds in accordance with the purposes specified in the government.

China's Fiscal Transfer Payment System:

1.On the basis of the 1994 reform of the tax-sharing system, in order to solve the problem of regional balance of revenue and expenditure, the state gradually tried to implement the transfer payment system.

2.Methods of transfer payments:

1) Institutional subsidy, which is retained from the hierarchical lump sum system before the reform of the fiscal management system of the tax-sharing system, is an unconditional transfer payment.

2) Special subsidy, which is a special allocation for the local government, and the local government must use this part of the funds for the designated projects.

3) Tax return, which is in 1994 after the implementation of the national tax system of the financial system, in order to ensure the vested interests of the local government, the implementation of the local tax return.

4) Formulaic subsidy, take out a part of the funds from the increase in fiscal revenue, select some objective factors and subjective factors that have a greater impact on local revenue and expenditure, and adopt relatively standardized calculation methods to implement transfer payments to various places.

Transfer payments are payments that are paid by a business to an individual without compensation to increase their income and purchasing power. It is a form of income redistribution.

Transfer payments include ** transfers and transfers from enterprises. ** Most of the transfer payments are in the nature of welfare expenditures, such as social insurance benefits, pensions, pensions, unemployment benefits, relief payments and various subsidies; Subsidies for agricultural products are also transfer payments. Because the transfer payment is equivalent to returning fiscal revenue to individuals, some Western economists call it negative taxation.

Fiscal transfer payments, also known as fiscal transfer expenditures, are originally intended to be the transfer or transfer of fiscal funds. The transfer payment system is an important part of the hierarchical budget system. According to the hierarchical budget management system, the scale of revenue and expenditure between the upper and lower budget subjects and between the budget subjects at the same level is asymmetrical, and the transfer payment system is a budget adjustment system that balances the asymmetry of revenue and expenditure between budget subjects at all levels.

There are three main modes of transfer payment, one is top-down vertical transfer, the other is horizontal transfer, and the third is a mixture of vertical and horizontal transfer. The principles governing the transfer payment system are: the principle of fairness, the principle of efficiency and the principle of the rule of law.

Before the implementation of the reform of the tax-sharing system in 1994, China did a lot of work on fiscal transfer payments, and it was only after the implementation of the reform of the tax-sharing system in 1994 that the concept of transfer payments was introduced from the Western language.

China's finance has officially implemented the transitional transfer payment method since 1995. According to the expenditure analysis framework in the IMF's Manual of Fiscal Statistics, there are two levels of transfer payments: one is international transfers, including foreign donations, external provision of goods and services, and payment of membership dues to multinational organizations; The second is the domestic transfer payment, which includes the transfer payment to the family, such as pensions, housing subsidies, etc., as well as the subsidies provided by the state-owned enterprises, as well as the transfer of financial funds between the countries.

Generally speaking, what we call fiscal transfer payment refers to the transfer of financial funds between the first and the next, which is an important part of the first expenditure and an important budget revenue of the local government. In Western countries, the important classification of fiscal expenditure is purchase spending and transfer spending. At present, China still implements a transfer payment system that is not very standardized.

The main constraints: First, the responsibilities and powers of the first level at all levels have not been clearly divided, and the division of fiscal expenditure is closely related to the powers, and it is difficult to determine the standard concept of revenue and expenditure; Second, China's financial situation is still very difficult, so that the transfer payment system lacks sufficient financial support; Third, the adjustment of vested interests is too strong and difficult; Fourth, due to the influence of factors such as system, economic structure, natural environment and population status, there are great differences in the level of economic development and development capacity between regions, which makes it difficult to achieve regional equilibrium through transfer payments in the short term; Fifth, it is very difficult to collect basic data.

Transfer payment refers to the payment of a sum of money by ** or other units to individuals and subordinates to increase their income and purchasing power. Transfer income is essentially a form under the hail income redistribution system. The main forms of transfer payments include transfer payments, inter-transfer payments and corporate transfer payments.

The transfer payment generally has the attributes of welfare expenditures and subsidies such as social pensions, insurance welfare allowances, and relief funds, and the subsidies for agricultural products also belong to the transfer payments.

Key features of transfer payments.

1. The difference in the capacity of public goods within the jurisdiction will affect the local resource allocation and income distribution system. Transfer payments guarantee the basic public utility products provided by the local government**;

2.Transfers can adjust the value of fiscal net revenue between local jurisdictions. The reason why there is a gap in the net income of residents is that the cost of digging is affected by the natural environment, social environment and economic conditions;

3.The transfer of revenues can correct the external influences between the various activities of the local**.

1.What is a transfer payment.

Transfer payment refers to a form of financial expenditure that transfers a part of financial funds to specific individuals, families or organizations through various financial means to improve their lives and realize social and public interests. Transfer payments are generally not reciprocated in the form of goods or services, but are given directly to beneficiaries in monetary terms.

2.Types and purposes of transfer payments.

Transfer payments can be divided into several different types, including social security transfers, poverty alleviation and aid transfers, regional equilibrium transfers, etc. Different types of transfer payments have their own unique purposes and implementation methods, but they all aim to improve the living conditions of vulnerable groups and promote the realization of social and public interests.

3.The role and significance of transfer payments.

Transfer payments have played an important role and significance in social and economic development. It can promote the fairness of income distribution and social justice, alleviate poverty, improve the level of social welfare, and promote sustainable social and economic development. At the same time, it can also fight against the social instability and crisis brought about by various inequality factors, and strengthen the ability and level of public management.

4.Advantages and disadvantages of transfer payments.

Although transfer payments have various advantages, there are also some disadvantages and problems. One of the most obvious problems is that it may lead to excessive dependence on ** by the beneficiaries, which in turn affects their self-development and innovation capabilities. In addition, the effect and accuracy of transfer payments also need to face some challenges and adjustments in order to play a more effective role.

5.Reform and development of transfer payments.

In view of the problems and deficiencies of transfer payments, countries and scholars are constantly exploring and reforming. Research on the system design, policy implementation, management and supervision of transfer payments, so as to achieve a more fair and efficient transfer payment system. At the same time, it is also actively promoting the application of new technologies such as digital transfer payment to improve the efficiency and accuracy of transfer payment.

6.The development trend of transfer payments.

With the development of globalization and digitalization, transfer payments are also facing some new challenges and opportunities. In the future, transfer payments will pay more attention to innovation and the application of science and technology, and improve the system's self-supervision and social supervision capabilities. At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to the sustainability of transfer payments and promote their continuous innovation and improvement in the long-term development.

In short, as an important form and tool of modern social fiscal expenditure, transfer payment has a role and significance that cannot be ignored. Only on the basis of continuous research and improvement can we better achieve its various goals and roles and promote social justice and balanced development.

Transfer payment refers to the distribution of a sum of money to individuals and subordinates by ** or other units free of charge to increase their income and purchasing power. Transfer income is essentially a form of income redistribution under the income redistribution system. The main forms of transfer payments include transfer payments, transfer payments between enterprises, and transfer payments from enterprises.

The transfer payment generally has a little welfare expenditure and subsidy attributes, such as social pensions, insurance welfare allowances, relief funds and other forms of subsidy costs, and the first subsidy for agricultural products also belongs to the transfer payment.

Key features of transfer payments.

1. The difference in the supply capacity of public goods between jurisdictions will affect the local resource allocation and income distribution system, and the transfer payment will ensure the basic public facilities provided by the local government.

2. Transfer payments can regulate the value of fiscal net income between local jurisdictions. The disparity in the net financial returns of residents is due to the impact of supply costs caused by the natural environment, social environment and economic conditions.

3. The transfer of income can correct the externalities of various activities in various localities between local jurisdictions.

There are three forms of transfer payments:

1. Allocate funds for the construction of public facilities, subsidize agricultural and sideline products, and issue relief pensions.

2. The enterprise makes donations or increases to other organizations, and compensates for the injuries caused by the enterprise to non-employees.

3. In order to narrow the local gap, distribute indicators and allocate funds.

The importance of transfer payments.

1. It is conducive to the local government to play its statutory functions, improve the management level of tax collection, mobilize the enthusiasm of the local government, cooperate with the local economy to improve the level of the local economy, and promote the virtuous cycle of the local economy.

2. It is conducive to curbing the widening of the gap between economic development levels and income levels in various places, promoting social harmony and progress, and establishing a long-term support system for poor areas.

3. It is conducive to strengthening the ability of macroeconomic regulation and control, and promoting the rational allocation of resources such as funds, so as to improve the management level of the local government. <>

Transfer payment refers to the distribution of large sums of money by ** departments or other enterprises to me and my subordinate ** departments free of charge to increase their income and consumption power. Transfer of proceeds is essentially a way of doing so under the social distribution system. The important methods of transfer payment include departmental transfer payment, inter-departmental transfer payment and the company's transfer payment.

Sectoral transfer payments are generally carried out with the characteristics of interest expenditures and subsidies, such as resident pensions, insurance welfare allowances, relief funds and other forms of subsidy costs, and subsidies for agricultural products also belong to departmental transfer payments.

1. Individual differences in the provision of public goods between jurisdictions will have a significant impact on the resource allocation and income distribution mechanism of the region, and the transfer payment ensures the basic utility goods provided by the local government;

2. The transfer payment can control the net expected income of the financial bureau between the regional jurisdiction and the jurisdiction. There is often a large gap in the net income of the residents' financial bureaus, which is affected by the cost of providing the ecological environment, the social status quo and the economic strength;

3. The transfer of proceeds can adjust the externalities of various activities at all levels of the first level between all levels of jurisdiction.

Transfer payments are payments that businesses pay to individuals for free to increase their income and purchase the power of the base.

Most of the transfer payments are in the nature of welfare expenditures, such as social insurance benefits, pensions, pensions, unemployment benefits, relief payments and various subsidies. Usually in a recession, total income falls and unemployment increases. This will curb or alleviate depression by increasing purchasing power and increasing overall social demand.

Corporate transfers usually refer to grants or donations from non-profit organizations, as well as personal injury compensation for non-corporate employees. Transfer payments objectively narrow the income gap and play a positive role in maintaining the stability of the aggregate demand level, reducing the magnitude and intensity of the swing in aggregate demand, and stabilizing the social economy.

The type of mode of transfer payment

The first is the top-down vertical transfer, the second is the horizontal transfer, and the third is the mixture of vertical and horizontal transfer, and the principles that regulate the transfer payment system are the principles of fairness, efficiency and the rule of law. Financial transfer payments are an important means to make up for the financial gap in areas with weak financial strength, and to narrow the regional fiscal gap.

Some payments are not levied from the income of some residents, such as the use of the proceeds of the issuance of additional currency or the sale of bonds to pay for welfare and relief, and it obviously does not have the characteristics of being transferred from some residents to others. However, in the eyes of Western economists, although it is different from the above-mentioned payment, it has one thing in common, that is, it is also not directly used by the department to purchase goods and services, and this kind of payment is still regarded as a transfer payment.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - Transfer Payment.