How to make activated carbon? How to make activated charcoal from charcoal

First, the preparation of activated carbon should first carbonize the raw materials.

Carbonization, also known as pyrolysis, is the heating of raw materials under the condition of air isolation, and the general temperature is below 600. Sometimes the raw material is first dissolved in inorganic salts and then carbonized. After carbonization, activated carbon raw materials will be separated from water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen and other gases; The raw material is broken down into pieces and recombined into a stable structure.

These fragments may be composed of some microcrystals. Microcrystals are formed by stacking two or more sheets of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice. However, there is no fixed crystal form for accumulation.

The size of the microcrystals is related to the composition and structure of the raw materials, and is affected by the carbonization temperature, which increases with the increase of carbonization temperature. After carbonization, there are also some residual hydrocarbons attached to the microcrystalline boundary atoms.

2. Activated carbon semi-finished products are activated.

Activation is the heating of carbonized materials under the action of oxidants to produce activated carbon products. When the temperature of the oxidation process is 800-900, steam or carbon dioxide is generally used as the oxidant; When the oxidation temperature is below 600, air is generally used as an oxidant. There is only a general understanding of the role played by the activation process.

In the activation process, the hydrocarbons adsorbed during carbonization are burned off, and the hydrocarbon atoms on the edge of the original void are burned off, which plays a role in expanding the pores and burning through the pores and between the pores. Activation turns the activated carbon into a good porous structure, carbonized and activated crystal flake knots.

Activated carbon can only be produced by specialized enterprises, and the production equipment is not generally huge, especially the activated carbon for the treatment of decoration pollution, the production process is more complex, and not all activated carbon can be used to control decoration pollution, some are used to purify water, some are used to purify the air, and are divided into coal, wood, husk, etc.

Light a candle with activated charcoal on the black smoke.

Hello, use firewood to make charcoal, then knock it into a small piece of charcoal of about 1cm3, put the small piece of charcoal into a clean fine nylon mesh bag, pierce it to the mouth of the bag, and then put it into a household pressure cooker or medical pressure cooker containing 5% sodium carbonate solution, and boil at high pressure for about 30 minutes to wash out the oil and dredge the micro holes in the charcoal. Activated carbon is a black, porous, solid carbonaceous. In the early stage, it was made from wood, hard fruit shells or animal bones by carbonization and activation, and later changed to coal through crushing, forming or carbonization and activation with uniform coal particles.

The production process of activated carbon is roughly divided into: carbonization, cooling, activation, washing and a series of processes. The shape of the finished product produced by activated carbon is roughly divided into: granular, columnar, powdery, etc.

Use firewood to make charcoal, then knock it into a small piece of charcoal of about 1cm3, put the small piece of charcoal into a clean fine nylon mesh bag, pierce it to the mouth of the bag, and then put it into a household pressure cooker or medical pressure cooker containing 5% sodium carbonate solution, and boil at high pressure for about 30 minutes to wash out the oil and dredge the micro holes in the charcoal.

To prevent the charcoal from floating on the sodium carbonate solution, a clean stone can be tied to the outside of the nylon bag and fall down. After boiling, rinse the charcoal twice with water to remove the oil, then put it in a 5% sodium carbonate solution and boil it at high pressure for about 30 minutes, and rinse it three times with water of about 80 after taking it out to wash off the oil and a small amount of sodium carbonate.

Finally, boil with water at high pressure for about 30 minutes to further dredge the micropores in the charcoal; Remove and dry to obtain activated charcoal, and bake it before use for best results. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon prepared by this method far exceeds that of charcoal. Used activated carbon can also be regenerated using this method.

1. Raw material preparation: pre-treatment of carbon-containing raw materials, which may include one or more in the process of drying, impurity removal, crushing, milling, and even pre-oxidation treatment.

2. Raw material mixing: Carbon-containing raw materials and chemical agents (solid or solution) are mixed in proportion, and for some raw materials, a grinding process may be added after mixing, such as rubber to make the raw materials more fully in contact with the chemical reaction in the subsequent process.

3. Heating and heating for hydrolysis or oxidation, dehydrogenation and other chemical reactions.

4. Extraction to remove the activator and its anti-agrum stress products.

5. After the above mixed products are cooled, they are repeatedly soaked with tap water to completely remove the activation agent and its reaction products to obtain wet activated carbon products.

There are two methods for the production of <> activated carbon, chemical activation and physical activation.

1. Chemical activation method.

The chemical activation method is to prepare activated carbon by mixing various carbon-containing raw materials with chemicals evenly, and going through carbonization, activation, chemicals, rinsing, drying and other processes at a certain temperature.

Phosphoric acid, zinc chloride, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, potassium carbonate, polyphosphoric acid and phosphate esters can be used as activation reagents, although the chemical reactions that occur are different, some have erosion, hydrolysis or dehydration of raw materials, and some have oxidation, but these chemicals can have a certain role in promoting the activation of raw materials, among which the most common activators used for slag are phosphoric acid, zinc chloride and potassium hydroxide.

2. Physical activation method.

The physical method, also known as the gas activation method, is the process of contacting the carbonized raw materials with the activated gases such as water slag steam, flue gas (mixture of water vapor, CO2, N2, etc.), CO or air at a high temperature of 800 1000, so as to carry out the activation reaction. The basic process of physical activation method mainly includes carbonization, activation, impurity removal, crushing (ball milling), refining and other processes, and the preparation process is clean and clean, and the liquid phase pollution is less.