How to distinguish shear walls

On the floor plan, shear walls.

It is filled with a black pattern, and the masonry wall will not be filled with some patterns, so the shear wall also has a code number, and the gas will not have these only contour curves, so this can still be well distinguished, just remember these characteristics.

To determine whether the wall is a shear wall (load-bearing wall), it is necessary to combine the structure of the house itself, and it should be determined after carefully studying the original architectural drawings and going to the actual site investigation. Shear walls and load-bearing walls are two concepts, but they both have something in common, the difference is that the shear wall is a concrete structure. As can be seen from the construction drawings, the shear wall is filled with thick solid lines or black filling.

The on-site inspection of the wall without prefabricated ring beams must be load-bearing walls. Non-load-bearing walls are generally marked with thin solid lines or dotted lines on the drawings, and are walls made of lightweight and simple materials, while non-load-bearing walls are generally thinner and are only used for partition walls. When personal renovation, you can simply distinguish between load-bearing walls and non-load-bearing walls by combining the following points:

1. Distinguish from the structure of the house: Generally speaking, all the walls of the brick-concrete structure house are load-bearing walls, but they cannot be called shear walls. The walls inside a frame structure house are generally not load-bearing walls, with the exception of walls used for elevator shafts.

2. From the grade of the house: the general low-end residential buildings and villas are made of brick and concrete. The high-end ones are more frame structures.

3. Distinguish from the material of wall tiles: the wall of general standard brick is a load-bearing wall, and the aerated brick is a non-load-bearing wall. 4. From the thickness of the wall

150mm thick partition walls are non-load-bearing walls, such as bathrooms, kitchens appear more. Shear walls are significantly thicker, usually above 300mm. 5. According to the junction of the beam and the wall, it is distinguished

The method of diagonal bricks used must be a non-load-bearing wall. The tightly bonded wall to the beam may be a load-bearing wall. 6. Judging by sound

Knocking on the wall, there is a crisp echo, it is a light wall, while a load-bearing wall or shear wall should not have too much sound.

According to the stress characteristics, the wall can be divided into load-bearing wall and shear wall, the former is mainly to bear vertical load, such as masonry wall; The latter is dominated by horizontal loads. In the seismic fortification area, the horizontal load is mainly generated by the horizontal ** action, so the shear wall is sometimes called the seismic wall.

Shear wall

Also known as wind-resistant wall.

Seismic walls or structural walls.

Walls in houses or structures that are mainly subjected to horizontal and vertical loads (gravity) caused by wind loads or ** actions to prevent structural shear (shear) damage.

It is divided into planar shear wall and cylinder shear wall. Plane shear walls are used in reinforced concrete frame structures, rising plate structures, and beamless floor systems. to increase the stiffness of the structure.

Strength and collapse resistance, in some parts can be cast-in-situ or prefabricated reinforced concrete shear walls. The cast-in-situ shear wall is poured at the same time with the surrounding beams and columns, and the integrity is good. Barrel shear walls are used in high-rise buildings.

In the high-rise structure and suspension structure, it is surrounded by the partition wall of the elevator room, the stairwell, the equipment and the auxiliary room, and the cylinder wall is a cast-in-place reinforced concrete wall, and its stiffness and strength are higher than the plane shear wall and can bear a large horizontal load.

According to the structural material, the shear wall can be divided into steel plate shear wall, reinforced concrete shear wall and reinforced block shear wall. Among them, reinforced concrete shear walls are the most commonly used.

A structure consisting of shear walls that bears vertical and horizontal action is called a shear wall structure.

The shear wall has a high lateral movement stiffness (along the wall plane). It is mainly used to resist horizontal action and assume vertical action; The walls also serve as maintenance and house partitions. Shear wall structures can be built very high and are mainly used in residential and hotel buildings with 12-30 floors.

Its disadvantage is that the division of space is not flexible.

The difference in appearance of shear wall structure is very recognizable

The first thing to do is to determine how many floors the house you live in, if it is more than 12 floors, the house has shear walls, which are generally reinforced concrete walls around and connected to the columns. If your home is being renovated, you can remove about 20 square centimeters of the mortar plastering surface at 40cm of the pillar, and you can see that it is a brick masonry, and if there are no bricks and joints, this part is a shear wall.

In high-rise buildings, there is a structural form called frame-shear wall system, which is to set reinforced concrete walls at intervals in the transverse direction of the house to bear the horizontal shear force, that is, the load effect under the wind load, because this kind of wall is not designed to bear the vertical load but to bear the horizontal shear force, so it is called the shear wall.

Ordinary brick walls are divided into load-bearing walls and non-load-bearing walls in the masonry structure, and they are all non-load-bearing walls in the frame shear system, which only play the role of dividing and enveloping.

Before painting and renovating: see if there are bricks. After painting:

The shear wall is generally connected along the transverse direction, and in the high-rise frame shear system, the transverse wall is mostly a shear wall. You can also use your hands to tap on the wall, if the sound is crisp, it is mostly an ordinary brick wall, if the business is very boring, it should be a shear wall. How personal feeling is not very strong, but also with the help of concrete rebound tester, the shear rebound strength is uniform and large, and the brick wall is uneven and small.

The simplest way is that the shear wall is to be stressed, is indispensable in the structure, ordinary walls are generally not forced, generally infill walls, partition walls, etc.

Shear walls are generally concrete, and in the absence of stucco, they are well distinguished from brick walls, and they are generally not easy to see after painting. As for the drawings, the general brick wall is not represented on the structural drawing (except for the masonry structure), and it is generally filled with a diagonal line on the architectural drawing; The shear wall is generally blacked out on the architectural drawing, and the outer outline frame is generally drawn on the structural drawing.

Shear walls are also known as wind-resistant walls, earthquake-resistant walls, and structural walls. Because it can bear the horizontal load and longitudinal load caused by wind load and ** disaster, and can avoid the destruction of structural cutting, it is called the seismic grade wall, and the interior is made of reinforced concrete.

The shear wall is different from the load-bearing beam in the mixed drill structure, which can avoid the destruction of the structure by cutting (shearing). So how do you generally recognize a shear wall?

1. Looking at the raw materials, generally speaking, concrete structural walls are all shear walls. The frame shear wall refers to the skeleton diagram composed of column heads, vertical beams, transverse beams, concrete floor slabs, etc., as a load-bearing structure, and the wall surface is a row frame structure.

2. Look at the load capacity. Frame shear wall construction means that the longitudinal load is borne by the structure and the shear wall. The horizontal load is borne by the structure at 20%-30%, and by the shear wall at 70%-80% of the structure. The length of the shear wall is according to the design standard of 50mm per square meter of the project.

3. Look at the goods. Generally, multi-storey buildings, in elevator halls and staircases, if they are concrete structure walls, then this is a shear wall.

One of the easiest ways to distinguish between masonry and shear walls on architectural drawings is to distinguish between masonry and shear walls. On the floor plan, shear walls are black pattern-filled, while masonry walls are not. On the application plan, the shear wall has a code number, while the masonry wall does not have a code number, only a contour dashed line.

The appearance is different, and the number of floors of the living building can tell whether it is a masonry wall or a shear wall. If the building has more than 12 floors, then it can be judged that the house has shear walls, because shear walls are generally reinforced concrete walls around and connected to the columns.

If the house is being renovated, then you can lean on the 40cm of the pillar and remove about 20 square centimeters of the surface of the wall mortar surface, if there are brick joints, it is a masonry wall, if there is not, it is a shear wall.

Shear wall columns generally have column numbers, ie"z", there is"az"\"dz"Wait. It can also be easily distinguished from the plan that the column with stirrups is the wall, and only the horizontal and vertical bars are the walls. I wonder if this will work?

A shear wall is not the same as a load-bearing wall in mixed drill deconstruction, and it can prevent structural shear (shear) failure. So how do you generally recognize a shear wall? PChouse will take you to find out.

How to identify the shear wall, mainly based on the following points:

1. Looking at the material, generally speaking, reinforced concrete walls are shear walls. The frame structure refers to the skeleton composed of columns, longitudinal beams, transverse beams, floor slabs, etc. as a load-bearing structure, and the wall is an enclosure structure.

2. Look at the load-bearing capacity. Frame shear wall structure refers to the vertical load, which is borne by the frame and the shear wall; The horizontal load is borne by the frame 20%-30%, and the shear wall is subjected to 70%-80%. The length of the shear wall is designed according to the standard of 50mm per square meter of construction.

3. Look at the real thing. Generally, in high-rise buildings, in elevators and stairwells, if it is a reinforced concrete wall, then this is a shear wall.

There are steel bars in the wall, and there is no feeling of emptiness when beaten.

A shear wall is a structural component called a reinforced concrete seismic wall in the seismic design code.

Shear walls are generally used in houses, because the stiffness of shear walls is very large, many times larger than columns, so shear walls can bear the horizontal force of a large part of the structure.

The shear wall is made of concrete and steel bars poured on site, and the structural components of the shear wall are wall limbs, dark beams, frame beams, connecting beams, and structural edge components, including dark columns, corner columns, end columns, wing columns, concealed braces, buttresses, etc. A very small number of frame columns are also allowed in shear wall constructions, but frame columns are not part of the shear wall.

The shear wall is divided into a plane shear wall and a cylinder shear wall, and the plane shear wall is used in reinforced concrete frame structure, rising plate structure, and beamless floor system. Cylinder shear walls are used in high-rise buildings, high-rise structures and suspended structures, and are surrounded by partition walls in elevator halls, stairwells, equipment and auxiliary rooms.

Shear Wall Category:

1. Integral wall.

When there are no openings for doors and windows or only a small number of small openings, the existence of openings can be ignored, and this kind of shear wall is called the whole state shear wall, referred to as the integral wall. When the sum of the area of the door and window openings does not exceed 15% of the area of the side area of the shear wall, and the net distance between the openings and the net distance from the hole to the wall is greater than the size of the long side of the opening, it is an integral wall.

2. Small opening integral wall.

The size of the door and window openings is larger than that of the monolithic wall, and at this time there is a local bending moment in the wall limb, which is called a small opening monolithic wall.

3. Connecting limb wall.

The shear wall has a row or more rows of openings to eliminate it, and the size of the openings is relatively large, and the stress of the shear wall at this time is equivalent to a series of wall limbs connected together by the connecting beams between the openings, so it is called the connecting limb wall.

4. Frame support shear wall.

When the ground floor needs a large space, the frame structure is used to support the upper shear wall, and the frame-supported shear wall is formed. In the ** area, it is not allowed to use a pure frame-supported shear wall structure.

Every time we see high-rise buildings, many of us like to comment, how is the design of this building in the source section, and how are the designs of these buildings the same. In fact, there are many forms of design of building structures, and shear wall structures are one of them. SoWhat is a shear wall

In order to increase the ability of high-rise buildings to resist wind, ** and other horizontal thrust, the outer wall at the corner and part of the inner wall are combined with the columns, and the cast-in-place reinforced concrete structure is adopted, which is called the shear wall. On the floor plan given to you by the developer, the wall is generally painted in black, which is the shear wall.

Structural classification of shear walls:

1. Frame-shear wall structure. It is a structural system composed of a frame and a shear wall, which is suitable for buildings that need to have a large local space, and at this time, the frame structure is adopted in the local large space part, and the shear wall can be used to improve the seismic resistance of the building at the same time, so as to meet the requirements of high-rise buildings.

2. Ordinary shear wall structure. A structural system composed entirely of shear walls.

3. Frame-supported shear wall structure. When there needs to be a large space at the bottom of the shear wall structure, and the shear wall cannot all fall to the ground, it is necessary to use the frame-supported shear wall structure of the bottom frame-supported shear wall.

Advantages and disadvantages of shear wall structure:

1. The main function of the shear wall is to bear the vertical load (gravity) and resist the horizontal load (wind, **, etc.).

2. The shear wall structure consists of a stress system between the wall and the floor, and the disadvantage is that the shear wall cannot be removed or destroyed, which is not conducive to the formation of a large space, and the residents cannot transform the interior layout by themselves.

3. The short-limb shear wall structure is more and more widely used, it adopts a shear wall with a smaller width (limb thickness ratio), and the residents can transform the indoor layout within a certain range, increasing flexibility, but this is at the cost of reducing the mechanical performance of the entire structure (although there are experiments and studies that show that this reduction is small).

4. In view of the current situation in China, the shear wall structure is cost-effective, difficult to construct, and extremely steel-consuming, so it is often due to the constraints of the construction unit, and the seismic design of the structure is limited by the cost and has to reduce the standard, so it is recommended to use this kind of structural form with caution.

5. The characteristics of the frame structure are: the building layout is flexible, the exterior wall façade design is also more flexible, and its deformation characteristics are the shear deformation of the combination of shear deformation and bending deformation, the frame structure component type is less, easy to standardize, stereotyped, when the material deformation performance is good, it can be built to 30 floors, and under normal circumstances, 15 or 20 floors are good.

6. The characteristics of the shear wall structure: the overall performance is good, the stiffness is large, the lateral deformation is small under the horizontal action, and the bearing capacity requirements are relatively easy to meet, and the lateral deformation is curved type, but because the spacing of the shear wall can not be too large, its plane layout is not flexible enough. In order to overcome its shortcomings, a frame-supported shear wall structure and a skip shear wall structure are used.

7. Frame shear wall structure: inheriting the respective advantages of frame structure and shear wall structure, the lateral deformation presents a bending and shear type. It is sometimes designed as a frame structure.