Regarding substitution reactions, the definition of substitution reactions

The hydrogen-containing substituents on the hydrocarbon can undergo a substitution reaction with chlorine as long as the conditions are met. Under the conditions of light.

Three different chlorinated substances can be formed by reacting with chlorine under light conditions, indicating that there are three different types of hydrogen in the hydrocarbon molecule. For example, CH3CH2C(CH3)3, three monochlorinated substances can be formed.

Another example: CH3CH (CH3) CH2CH3 has four different hydrogens, and monochlorinated substances can have four kinds.

Upstairs it's not monochlorinated, it's polychlorinated.

Yes. Generally, in the case of light, the free radical that produces chlorine, that is, Cl with unpaired single electrons, is a very reactive reaction intermediate.

Cl2 Light 2Cl

What hydrocarbons are you talking about? The number of monochlorinated hydrocarbons varies depending on the length of the hydrocarbon. For example, for propane, 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane can be generated.

Butane can produce 1 chlorobutane and 2 chlorobutane. Pentane produces 1 chloropentane, 2 chloropentane, and 3 chlorpentane.

"Substitution reaction" refers to the reaction in which any of the front atoms or atomic groups in the compound or organic molecule is replaced by other atoms or atomic groups of the same type in the reagent, which is expressed by the general formula: r l (reaction matrix) + a-b (attack reagent) r a (substitute product) + l-b (leaving group) belongs to a class of chemical reactions.

Substitution reactions can occur in inorganic chemistry, for example: B2H6+BCl3 B2H5Cl+BhCl2B2H6+NH3 -NH2B2H5+H2.

In potato kernel chemistry, electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions are very important. Organic substitution reactions are classified into several categories of organic reactions according to the following characteristics:

1. Whether the reactant that prompts the reaction is an electrophile or a nucleophile.

2. The intermediate in the reaction is a cation, an anion or a free radical or a two-step reaction occurs when the same number of commes.

3. Whether the matrix of the reaction is aliphatic compounds or aromatic compounds.

The premise of <> substitution reaction is that it occurs between organic matter, and hydrocarbon organic matter is basically fine. Some unsaturated hydrocarbons require special conditions, such as benzene that requires iron to be substituted. Derivatives of hydrocarbons can also be used under special conditions, but these are generally not discussed, and they are generally substituted for alkane and benzene and their homologues.

Some of these special conditions are high temperature and high pressure, some are light, some are inorganic catalysts, and some are organic solvents.

Question 1: What substances can undergo the substitution reaction of alkanes.

Question 2: What substances can undergo substitution reactions and why?

Alkanes and halogen elements: halogen steam, light;

Benzene and benzene homologues with.

Halogen element: Fe as catalyst;

concentrated nitric acid: 50 60 water bath; Concentrated sulfuric acid is used as a catalyst.

concentrated sulfuric acid: 70-80 water bath;

Hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons: aqueous solution of NaOH;

Reaction of alcohols with hydrohalic acid: freshly made hydrohalic acid (acidic condition);

Hydrolysis of esters: catalysis by inorganic acids or bases;

The dehydration reaction of phenol with concentrated bromine water (ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid at 140 is in fact a substitution reaction. ）

Note: Substitution reactions occur for all of the above substances.

Question 3: Which organic substances can undergo substitution reaction and which organic matter can undergo substitution reaction Aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, etc. can all undergo substitution reaction.

Question 4: What are the functional groups that can undergo substitution reaction 1. Alkanes can have substitution reactions with halogens.

2. The -h of olefins can be substituted with halogens.

3. Halogenated hydrocarbons can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions.

4. Nucleophilic substitution reaction can occur in the alcohol hydroxyl group.

5. Aldehydes and ketones -h can undergo halogenation reaction.

6. The hydroxyl group in the carboxylic acid group can be substituted.

Question 5: Organic matter that can undergo substitution reaction First, substitution reaction can occur: the reaction of alkanes and halogen elemental gases under light conditions;

the reaction of benzene and nitric acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid;

reactions of benzene and concentrated sulfuric acid;

reactions of benzene and bromine elements in the presence of ferric bromide;

There is also esterification.

Hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons is also considered a type of substitution reaction.

2. Substitution reaction.

1) Definition: The reaction in which some atoms or clusters of atoms in an organic molecule are replaced by other atoms or clusters.

2) Substances that can undergo substitution reactions: alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, esters, carboxylic acids, halogenated hydrocarbons.

Question 6: What can a substitution reaction occur? Substitution reactions can occur in hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons, esterification reactions, alcohols and hydrohalic acids, halogen photosubstitution, etc. Replacing the atoms or clusters that react to compose organic matter is replaced by other atoms or clusters, thus creating a new substance.

Substitution reaction refers to the reaction in which any atom or group in the organic compound molecule is replaced by other atoms or groups of the same type in the reagent, which is expressed by the general formula: r l (reaction matrix) + a-b (attack reagent) r a (substitute product) + l-b (leaving group) belongs to a class of chemical reactions.

The definition of substitution reaction is as follows:

Substitution reaction refers to the reaction in which any atom or cluster of atoms in a compound or organic molecule is replaced by other atoms or clusters of the same type in the reagent.

Benzene + 3H2 = (nickel Ni as catalyst, heated) = cyclohexane Benzene is added with hydrogen to produce cyclohexane Conditions: Nickel (Ni) is used as a catalyst and heated.

The addition reaction is a characteristic reaction of unsaturated chemical compounds. An addition reaction is two atoms at the end of a heavily bonded or conjugated unsaturated system in a reactant molecule.

In the reaction, it is bonded with groups or atoms provided by the reagent to obtain a saturated or relatively saturated addition product. This add-on can be stable; It can also be an unstable intermediate that undergoes further changes to form a stable product.

Brightening the exhibition materials:

Relative Comparison: Substitution Reaction Definition: A reaction in which one atom or cluster of atoms in an organic molecule is replaced by other atoms or clusters.

Example: Taking the reaction between CH4 and Cl2 as an example, the principle is that one H is replaced by a Cl, that is, the C—H bond becomes a C—Cl bond.

The remaining Cl produces HCl with the substituted H. The characteristic is that one H is replaced, one Cl2 is consumed, and one HCl is produced.

Definition of substitution reaction: A reaction in which an atom or cluster of atoms in an organic molecule is replaced by another atom or cluster of atoms.

The substitution reactions include: the substitution of alkanes with halogen gases under light conditions; Halogenated hydrocarbons are coheated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and hydrolyzed into alcohols; Substitution reaction of alcohol hydroxyl group with liquid lift cavity active wave metal.

Substitution reactions include halogenation reactions, nitrification reactions, sulfonation reactions, halogenated hydrocarbon hydrolysis reactions, ester deficiency hydrolysis reactions, and esterification reactions.

1. The substitution reaction can be divided into three categories: pro-collision nuclear substitution, electrophilic substitution and homolysis substitution. If the substitution reaction occurs between the groups within the molecule, it is called intramolecular substitution. Some laughing reactions occur at the same time as molecular rearrangement (see Rearrangement Reaction).

2. Substitution reaction refers to the reaction in which any atom or atomic group in a compound or organic molecule is replaced by other atoms or atomic groups of the same type in the reagent, which is expressed by the general formula: R l (then the reaction matrix) + A-B (attack reagent) R A (substitute product) + L-b (leaving group) belongs to a class of chemical reactions.