How to estimate the bid price of the project, and what issues should be paid attention to in the est

First, calculate the engineering quantity.

If the bill of quantities is provided in the project bidding documents, the engineering quantity should be checked before the bidding ** calculation. If the bill of quantities is not provided in the tender documents, the entire quantity must be calculated according to the drawings and summarized into a list of works.

Second, determine the unit price and calculate the combined price.

In the bidding, after calculating the quantity of the sub-project, it is necessary to confirm the unit price of each sub-project and fill in the format of the engineering scale in the bidding documents.

3. Determine the cost of subcontracting the project.

The cost of subcontracting the project from the subcontractor is an important part of the bidding, and sometimes a considerable part of the general contractor's bidding is from the subcontracting cost. Therefore, when preparing the bid, it is necessary to have a verified ** to measure the subcontractor's **, and it is necessary to be familiar with the scope of the subcontracted project and evaluate the subcontractor's ability.

Fourth, determine the profit and determine the risk fund.

The goal of determining the value of profit is to consider that both large profits can be obtained, and the bidding must be competitive. When bidding, the contractor shall determine the profit margin on the project according to the market competition. The determination of the risk fund should be determined by an experienced professional after analyzing the possible risk factors on a case-by-case basis to determine a more reasonable expense ratio.

Fifth, determine the bid**.

According to different models, the bidding of the project can be obtained after the sum of all the costs, but the project bidding calculated in this way cannot be used as a bidding, because the calculation of the disadvantages may be repeated or missed, and there may be deviations in the estimation of some costs. Therefore, it is necessary to make certain necessary adjustments to the calculated project bid**. Adjustment of bidding should be based on the analysis of the project's profit and loss, and the profit and loss should be carried out from a variety of angles using a variety of methods, to find out the problems in the calculation, and to take measures to reduce costs and increase profits, so as to determine the loss of the state bid.

Hello, the bidding ** is calculated like this: in all valid bids**, remove a highest** and a lowest** and then take the arithmetic average (if the effective ** does not sail more than five (including five), then directly take the arithmetic average), and use the average value as the benchmark price for bid evaluation. Note:

Valid bidding refers to the bidding that has passed the validity inspection, qualification examination, compliance inspection and project budget review according to the provisions of the bidding documents, and does not exceed the procurement budget. The formula for calculating the deviation rate of bidding **: deviation rate = 100% bidder** - bid evaluation benchmark price) 40 points for bid evaluation benchmark price, and 2 points for every deviation rate of bid ** higher than 1%; For every 1% less, 1 point will be subtracted until the deduction is exhausted.

The intermediate insertion method is used to calculate and obtain the score of each bid**. I hope mine is helpful to you and I wish you a happy life.

If it is greater than or equal to 4, find the average value of all bidding prices, compare each with the average value, and when the positive or negative deviation is 10%, it does not participate in the calculation of the benchmark price.

When it is less than or equal to 3, the lowest price is used as the benchmark price, which can be seen directly without calculation.

Arithmetic Mean + Low) 2 = Benchmark Price.

Sort after 5 arithmetic mean + lowest price) 2 = benchmark price.

Find the deviation rate. **Scores are calculated according to the formula below.

1. Clarify the responsibilities and scope of the contractor;

2. Clarify the technical requirements in order to determine a reasonable construction plan;

3. Find out the special materials and machinery and equipment that need to be inquired;

4. Dry boy sorted out the ambiguous problems and submitted them to the tendering unit for clarification in a timely manner.

Clarifying the above problems is conducive to the bidding unit to determine the best strategy, correct calculation, and timely study of the contract conditions in order to take necessary countermeasures, which is a prerequisite for avoiding mistakes in the bidding work.

Attention should be paid to the estimation of construction bids**:1. Clarify the responsibilities and scope of the contractor;

2. Clarify the technical requirements in order to determine a reasonable construction plan;

3. Find out the special materials and mechanical equipment that need to be inquired about;

4. Sort out the ambiguous problems and submit them to the tendering unit for clarification in a timely manner.

Clarifying the above problems is conducive to the bidder to determine the best strategy, correct calculation, and timely study of the contract conditions in order to take necessary countermeasures, which is a prerequisite for avoiding mistakes in the bidding work.

Basic Practices: The basic practice of bidding: the bidder first obtains the bidding documents, carefully analyzes and studies (on-site inspection), and prepares the bidding documents.

The tender is essentially a valid until the date of opening the bid or the preliminary preparation of the group, the content must be very clear, after winning the bid and the tenderer to sign the contract to contain the important content should be all included, and within the validity period shall not withdraw the tender, change the tender ** or make substantial modifications to the content of the tender.

The above content reference: Encyclopedia - bidding.

First of all, you must be able to confirm the reserve price of the bid, regardless of the person, material, or machine.

Then estimate based on the actual situation of the opponent's bidder (in the case of you know the bidder).

The main thing about its bright draft is not the opponent's **, but your own**. If you have a lot of projects on hand, it is normal to invest in low prices and shout that there are big profits, and if you urgently need projects, it is normal to invest in low-priced bids.

The estimated price of the bidding project, also known as the estimated price of the project, is an estimate of the entire cost of the specific project, including the construction period, cost consumption, etc., to meet the needs of the project proposal, feasibility study and scheme design. There are two types of project estimates, one is time estimates, which are estimates of the duration or length of the project; One is cost estimation, which is based on some historical recorded data from past projects. Estimation is an important part of computing power.

The budget estimate is a comparative technical and economic document prepared in the preliminary design stage based on the design drawings, budget estimates, cost quotas, equipment and material budgets, wage standards and other information. The budget is the state's annual centralized fiscal revenue and expenditure plan that has been reviewed and approved by legal procedures.

1. Estimation basis.

1. Design scheme.

2. Investment estimation indicators, budget estimation indicators, and technical and economic indicators.

3. Cost indicators (including individual projects and unit projects).

4. Budget estimates for similar projects.

5. Design parameters (or design quota indicators), including various construction area indicators, stool disadvantage energy consumption indicators, etc.

6. Budget estimates.

7. Local materials, equipment budget and market (including materials, equipment, and professional subcontracting, etc.).

8. The standard of collection of fees stipulated by the relevant departments.

9. Price adjustment coefficient and material price difference calculation method, etc.

10. Site conditions, such as geographical location, geological conditions, transportation, water supply, power supply conditions, etc.

11. Other empirical reference data, such as materials, equipment transportation and miscellaneous rates, equipment installation rates, sporadic projects and auxiliary materials, etc.

Second, the tentative price of project settlement.

The law stipulates that in order to meet the needs of the integrity of the construction bidding, the workload, materials, equipment and subcontracted projects that cannot be accurately priced in the bidding stage require the bidder to bid at a price that is temporarily estimated according to the market, and re-clarify in the project implementation stage, and the provisional estimate is the provisional price.

3. The employer and the contractor shall stipulate in the terms of the contract the following matters related to the settlement of the project price:

1. The amount of prepaid project money, payment time limit and deduction method;

2. The payment method, amount and time limit of the project progress payment;

3. When there is a change in the construction of the project, the adjustment method of the project price, the way of claim, the time limit and the payment method of the amount;

4. Settlement of project price disputes;

5. Agree on the scope and scope of risk bearing and the adjustment method beyond the agreed scope and range;

6. The settlement and payment method, amount and time limit of the project completion price;

7. The amount, withholding method and time limit of the project quality assurance (warranty) money;

8. Safety measures and accident insurance costs;

9. Incentives and punishments for early or postponed construction periods;

10. Guarantee matters related to the performance of the contract and the payment of the price.

1. Clarify the responsibilities and scope of the contractor;

2. Clarify the technical requirements in order to determine a reasonable construction plan;

3. Find out the special materials and machinery and equipment that need to be inquired;

4. Sort out ambiguous problems and submit them to the recruitment and closing units for clarification in a timely manner.

Clarifying the above problems is conducive to the bidder to determine the best strategy, correct calculation, and timely study of the contract conditions in order to take necessary countermeasures, which is a prerequisite for avoiding mistakes in the bidding work.

<> With the rapid development of China's construction market, the gradual improvement of the bidding and bidding system, and the new requirements put forward by China's accession to the WTO, China's engineering construction market, the reform of the current valuation method according to the budget and the implementation of the bill of quantities pricing method is one of the fundamental ways to establish an open, just and fair market environment for project cost valuation and competitive pricing, gradually solve the factors that are incompatible with the engineering construction market in the quota valuation, and completely eradicate the shortcomings in the current bidding and bidding work. It is also a necessary requirement of the market economy system for the development of the construction market. Among them, how to carry out the quantity bidding**? What are the requirements for quantity bidding**?

The following is an introduction to the main content of how to carry out quantity bidding** brought by Zhongda Consulting for reference.

1.The bidder uses the original bill of quantities provided by the tenderer to prepare the bid**.

2.Bid** is the sum of the valuation of the items in the bill of quantities, that is, (the comprehensive unit price of the bill of quantities).

3.The combined unit price is made up of direct costs, indirect costs, profits, and taxes.

1) Direct costs refer to the costs that constitute the project entity and contribute to the formation of the project, including labor costs, material costs, construction machinery use fees and construction increase costs in the winter rainy season, night construction costs, inspection and test costs, secondary handling costs, civilized construction costs, safety measures costs, rush costs, high-quality projects and other costs incurred in the construction process.

2) Indirect costs refer to the expenses incurred by the construction enterprise for construction preparation, organization of construction production and operation management, including enterprise management fees, financial expenses, construction team dispatch expenses, social labor insurance premiums and fees.

3) Profit refers to the profit expectation value of the construction enterprise according to the actual market situation.

4) Tax refers to the business tax, urban maintenance and construction tax and education fee that should be included in the project cost according to the simple provisions of the state.

4.When preparing the bidding, the current budget quota for labor, materials, and construction machinery shift consumption is determined or determined according to the enterprise quota, with reference to the information released by the construction project cost management station, or in combination with the market situation, other direct costs, indirect costs, profits are determined according to the project situation, market competition and the situation of the enterprise, and the fees and taxes are determined in accordance with the tax ratio and its calculation method stipulated by the state, and the corresponding risk costs should also be considered.

5.For the project using commercial concrete, the proposed quantity and location required by the preparation of the bill of quantities shall be included in the comprehensive unit price of the corresponding concrete project.

6.On the cover signature page, the seal of the unit and the qualification seal of the compiler shall be stamped.