What are the ways of harvesting forests? Which deforestation method is more conducive to the regener

The main cutting methods of forests are divided into clear-cutting, gradual cutting and selective cutting

The main cutting method of selective felling is to cut down part of the mature trees in the felling area at certain intervals. After felling, the voids in the forest are gradually supplemented by natural regeneration seedlings to form a multi-layered forest of different ages, which can maintain a good forest environment, and is the main cutting method of shelter forests and scenic forests.

Ideal selective forests include trees of all ages, from one-year-old seedlings to harvested old trees. The number of trees in each age class is different, but the area is equal. or there are several age classes of trees in the forest, and the number of trees decreases regularly from the minimum diameter order upwards, but occupies the same area (see figure). This stand is called a balanced heterogeneous forest.

From it, the same amount of timber can be harvested every year, and it is renewed every year.

In the actual stand, the age distribution in the stand is unbalanced, the amount of each harvest is not necessarily equal, and the interval between harvesting years is not necessarily the same, but as long as the intermediate age is not destroyed, the age status of the stand will become more and more balanced after long-term selective cutting. ......

Gradual felling is a forest main cutting method in which all mature trees on the felling area are cut down in stages over a long period of time (generally not more than one age class). It is also known as the shade wood method or umbrella felling method. The regeneration process of gradual felling and the harvesting process go hand in hand, and through successive harvesting, favorable conditions are created for the fruiting and planting of trees, and the remaining trees play a protective role in the seedlings.

Gradual felling is carried out according to the state of understory regeneration, and all trees are cut down when the shade of the remaining trees interferes with seedlings and young trees. After all the mature trees are felled, the forest land is all renewed, and the new forests are basically relatively old forests. ......

Clear-cutting is a main forest cutting method in which all trees on the felling area are removed within a harvesting season. Artificial regeneration is generally used in the post-felling scarf site, and natural regeneration or artificial regeneration can also be used to promote natural regeneration when the natural regeneration of the target tree species is guaranteed. The forests formed after regeneration are same-age forests and are also single-layer forests.

The advantage of clear-cutting is that it is harvested intensively, which is convenient for mechanized operations; There is no retained wood on the felling area (except for a small number of mother trees), and there will be no wind to cause damage; Simple and easy to use, easy to update manually; It is not necessary to select the harvested timber and determine the harvesting intensity. The disadvantage is that the temperature amplitude after felling is large, which increases the possibility of young trees being harmed by sunburn and frost. The soil becomes dry or swampy, and weeds and shrubs are luxuriant, which affects the growth of young trees, reduces the role of forest in conserving water, and is not conducive to soil and water conservation. At the same time, the forest phase is monotonous after clearing, which affects the landscape and is not conducive to the habitat of birds and beasts.

Clear-cutting is suitable for mature and overmature single-layer forests of the same age or different ages of medium and small trails in gentle areas, as well as the transformation of natural secondary forests into fast-growing and high-yield forests, but it is not suitable for shelterbelts, scenic areas and areas with high risk of forest fires, and is prohibited from being used in areas with steep slopes and serious soil erosion and collapse. ......

Selective cutting is more conducive to the regeneration of forest resources. Split pose

Selective cutting only cuts down trees that meet the standards, so that the remaining trees can get more growth space and nutrients, which is conducive to their growth and the regeneration of forest resources. Selective felling is generally used for the use of forest resources, which will allow people to obtain a certain amount of timber on a regular basis without reducing the future.

Felling method: When selecting a cutting method, the felling object must be selected according to the composition of each layer of trees. It is to talk about "picking the bad and keeping the good, picking the old and keeping the strong, picking the big and keeping the small, and picking the dense and keeping the even", and the combination of picking and breeding.

Gradual felling is a technically demanding method of harvesting. It is mainly carried out in over-mature single-layer forests with strong natural regeneration ability, or in stands close to single-layer forests. The aim is to ensure forest regeneration and accelerate the growth of retained trees.

Clear-cutting is a felling method that recklessly removes the trees in the stand under certain conditions, and is suitable for over-mature single-layer forests in natural forests, off-age forests with few small and medium-sized trees, and natural disasters.

Hazards of forest stands.

Legal analysis: Forest management is a relatively systematic, complex and long-term forest construction work, mainly to meet the ecological and economic requirements of forest resources in the process of social development and construction, and to solve the contradictions in the protection of forest resources and social construction. Forest management involves a wide range of contents, such as tending and felling, forest stand management, forest fire prevention, pest and disease control, understory economic management, forest soil protection, etc., which can all be classified within the scope of forest management.

Therefore, in the process of forest management, it is necessary to consider from multiple perspectives to ensure the unified development of diversification.

Legal basis: Forest Law of the People's Republic of China

Article 3 The protection, cultivation and utilization of forest resources shall respect nature, conform to nature, and adhere to the principles of ecological priority, protection priority, combination of conservation and sustainable development.

Article 4 The State implements a responsibility system and assessment and evaluation system for the protection and development of forest resources. The higher-level people's ** shall assess the completion of the forest resources protection and development goals and forest fire prevention and major forestry pest prevention and control work of the lower-level people, and make the assessment results public.

Local people can establish a forest chief system according to the needs of the protection and development of forest resources in their respective administrative regions.

Article 5 The State shall adopt fiscal, taxation and financial measures to support the conservation and development of forest resources. People at all levels should ensure investment in forest ecological protection and restoration, and promote forestry development.

Summary. Classification of forests.

1. According to the "Forest Law", forests are divided into the following five categories:

1) Shelterbelts: forests, trees and shrubs with protection as the main purpose, including water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, farmland and pasture shelterbelts, bank protection forests, and road protection forests;

2) Timber forests: forests and timber forests with the main purpose of producing timber, including bamboo forests with the main purpose of producing bamboo;

3) Economic forests: forests with the main purpose of producing fruits, edible oilseeds, beverages, spices, industrial raw materials and medicinal materials;

4) Charcoal forests: forests whose main purpose is to produce fuel;

5) Special-purpose forests: forests and trees with national defense, environmental protection, scientific experiments, etc. as their main purpose, including national defense forests, experimental forests, mother forests, environmental protection forests, scenic forests, forests of scenic spots and revolutionary memorial sites, and forests of nature reserves.

In practice, shelterbelts and special forests are often referred to as public welfare forests, and timber forests, economic forests and charcoal forests are referred to as commercial forests.

What are the types of forests? What are the requirements for harvesting methods for different types of forests?

Hello, dear.

Classification of forests.

1. According to the "Forest Law", forests are divided into the following five categories: (1) Shelter forests: forests, trees and shrubs with protection as the main purpose, including water conservation forests, soil and water conservation forests, windbreak and sand fixation forests, farmland and pasture shelter forests, bank protection forests, and road protection forests; (2) Timber forests:

Forests and timber forests whose main purpose is timber production, including bamboo forests whose main purpose is to produce bamboo; 3) Economic forests: forests with the main purpose of producing fruits, edible oilseeds, beverages, spices, industrial raw materials and medicinal materials; 4) Charcoal forests: forests whose main purpose is to produce fuel; (5) Special purpose forests:

Forests and forests with national defense, environmental protection, scientific experiments, etc. as their main purpose, including national defense forests, experimental forests, mother forests, environmental protection forests, scenic forests, forests of places of interest and revolutionary memorial sites, and forests of nature reserves. In practice, shelterbelts and special forests are often referred to as public welfare forests, and timber forests, economic forests and charcoal forests are referred to as commercial forests.

Summary. The following regulations must be observed for the harvesting of forests and timbers:

1) Mature timber forests should be selected and cleared and gradually cut according to different conditions, and clear-cutting should be strictly controlled, and reforestation should be completed in the year of felling or the following year;

2) National defense forests, mother forests, environmental protection forests, and scenic forests in shelterbelts and special-purpose forests are only allowed to be harvested in the nature of tending and regeneration;

3) Felling is strictly prohibited in the forests of places of interest and historical sites and revolutionary memorial sites in special purpose forests, and forests in nature reserves.

The felling of forests and trees must comply with the following provisions: (1) Mature timber forests shall be selectively felled, clear-cut and gradual according to different conditions, and clear-cutting shall be strictly controlled, and new afforestation of oranges shall be completed in the year or the following year of felling; 2) National defense forests, mother forests, environmental protection forests, and scenic forests in shelterbelts and special-purpose forests are only allowed to be harvested in the nature of tending and regeneration; (3) Felling is strictly prohibited in the forests of places of interest and historical sites and revolutionary memorial sites in the forests of special purposes, and in the forests of the natural brigade reserves.

According to the principle that the consumption of timber forests is lower than the amount of growth, the state strictly controls the annual felling of forests. The State establishes a uniform annual timber production plan. The annual timber production plan shall not exceed the approved annual harvesting limit. So, what regulations do you need to comply with when harvesting forests and trees?

1. What regulations need to be complied with for felling forests and trees?

The following provisions shall be observed in the felling of forests and trees:

1) Public welfare forests can only be harvested for tending, regeneration and transformation of low-quality and low-efficiency forests. However, except for those that need to be harvested for scientific research or experiments, prevention and control of forestry pests, construction of forest protection and fire prevention facilities, construction of biological fire isolation zones, and natural disasters.

Lease clearance (2) Commercial forests should be based on different circumstances, adopt different felling methods, strictly control the clear-cutting area, and plan and implement cutting-edge planning and cultivation simultaneously.

3) Felling of trees in nature reserves is prohibited. However, the bamboo forests in the experimental area that must be harvested due to special circumstances such as the prevention and control of forestry pests, forest fire prevention, maintenance of the living environment of the main protection objects, and natural disasters are excepted.

2. Under what circumstances should a felling permit not be issued?

1) Felling of trees during the period of mountain closure and afforestation and in the area of mountain closure for afforestation;

2) Failure to complete the reforestation task in accordance with the regulations after felling in the previous year;

3) Failure to take preventive and improvement measures in the event of a major deforestation case, forest fire or forestry pest disaster in the previous year;

4) Other circumstances in which logging is prohibited by laws and regulations and the competent forestry authorities.

3. What commercial forests does the state encourage the development of?

a) Forests whose main purpose is timber production;

2) Forests whose main purpose is the production of forest products such as fruits, oilseeds, beverages, spices, industrial raw materials and medicinal materials;

iii) forests whose primary purpose is the production of fuels and other biomass energy;

4) Other forests whose main purpose is to exert economic benefits.

Legal basis] Article 54 of the Forest Law of the People's Republic of China, the state strictly controls the annual felling of forests. The competent authorities of forestry of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall prepare the annual felling quota of their respective administrative areas according to the principle that the consumption is lower than the growth and the management of forest classification, and shall be announced and implemented after soliciting the opinions of the competent forestry authorities and the approval of the people at the same level, and shall be reported for the record. The annual felling quota in key forest areas shall be prepared by the competent forestry department, and shall be announced for implementation after approval.

The above is "What regulations need to be followed for felling forests and trees?" It should be noted that the felling of trees on forest land shall apply for a felling permit and be harvested in accordance with the provisions of the felling permit; Felling of bamboo forests outside nature reserves does not require an application for a felling permit, but shall comply with the technical regulations for forest felling.