What are the adverse effects of polluting the marine environment on human survival and development 5

Marine pollution is characterized by many sources, strong persistence, wide spread, and difficult to control. The turbidity of the sea caused by marine pollution seriously affects the photosynthesis of marine plants (phytoplankton and seaweed), thus affecting the productivity of the sea and is also harmful to fish. Toxic substances such as heavy metals and toxic organic compounds accumulate in the sea area and cause poison to marine animals and other animals that feed on them through the enrichment of marine organisms.

Oil pollution forms a vast oil film on the surface of the ocean, preventing oxygen from the air from dissolving into the seawater, and the decomposition of oil also consumes the dissolved oxygen in the water, causing a lack of oxygen in the seawater, which is harmful to marine life and harms seabirds and humans. Red tides (the result of eutrophication) caused by aerobic organic matter pollution cause a lack of oxygen in seawater, resulting in the death of marine life. Marine pollution can also damage coastal tourism resources.

Therefore, marine pollution has attracted more and more attention from the international community.

Environmental problems are a complex complex of problems facing humanity, and it is difficult to fully understand them in the limited space here. Global atmospheric environmental problems include ecological destruction, environmental pollution and global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, etc. There are other more prominent aspects of environmental problems, such as energy and resource problems, marine pollution problems, transboundary movements of hazardous wastes, urban environmental problems, water crises, biodiversity loss, etc.

If the marine environment is polluted, the marine organisms will inevitably be implicated, and seafood is one of the most important foods for people, so that people will be implicated and use some contaminated food, which will cause people to get sick and threaten people's lives. It's like Minamata disease in Japan.

Oil spills, pollution from ocean-going vessels, water polluted by rivers on the continent entering the ocean, acid rain pollution caused by air pollution, various solid wastes entering the ocean, aquatic plant pollution caused by excessive nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, water hyacinth and aquatic weeds polluting causing a large number of deaths of oxygen-deficient aquatic animals in seawater, uncontrolled fishing activities by human beings, marine pollution caused by seaside tourism activities, offshore industrial projects, and over-scale development have all had a great impact on marine pollution.

1. Industrial production discharges sewage into the ocean;

2. Pollution from chemical fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural production;

3. Shallow beach aquaculture.

4. Marine navigation and port construction.

5. Offshore oil exploitation.

6. Domestic sewage discharge in coastal cities.

Answer: Marine oil pollution not only affects the growth of marine organisms, reduces the use value of the coastal environment, and destroys coastal facilities, but also may affect the hydrometeorological conditions in local areas and reduce the self-purification capacity of the ocean. According to actual measurements, every drop of oil can form an oil film of square meters on the water surface, and each ton of oil may cover 5,106 square meters of water surface. The oil film isolates the atmosphere from the surface of the water, reducing the amount of oxygen entering the seawater, thereby reducing the ocean's ability to purify itself.

The oil film covering the sea surface will also hinder the evaporation of seawater, affect the heat exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean, change the reflectivity of the sea surface, reduce the solar radiation entering the surface of the ocean, and may have a certain impact on the hydrometeorological conditions in local areas. The biggest harm of marine oil pollution is the impact on marine life, oil film and oil lump can stick to a large number of fish eggs and juveniles, make fish eggs die, juveniles deform, and also make fish and shrimp produce oil odor.

1. Land-based pollution: seas, rivers and other ways enter the ocean. The application of chemical pesticides on coastal farmland, and the disposal and piling of garbage and waste on the shore and beach can also cause pollution damage to the environment.

2. Ship pollution: Ships on board discharge oil or other harmful substances into the sea for various reasons. Ship pollution mainly refers to the pollution of the surrounding water environment and atmospheric environment caused by ships in the process of navigation, berthing at ports, loading and unloading of goods.

3. Marine accidents: ship grounding, aground, collision, oil blowout and oil pipeline leakage, etc.

4. Marine dumping: a treatment method for dumping waste into the ocean to reduce land environmental pollution. The act of disposing of debris or other hazardous substances into the sea through ships, aircraft, platforms or other means of transport.

It also includes the abandonment of ships, aircraft, platforms and other floating instruments.

5. Coastal engineering construction: Some coastal engineering construction has changed the natural characteristics of coasts, tidal flats, subtidal zones and their subsoils, and destroyed the ecological balance and coastal landscape of the ocean.

The most important part of exploring the oceans is the exploitation of resources.

There are a large number of mineral resources, oil resources and deep-sea organisms in the depths of the ocean, which have great scientific research and economic value. Therefore, deep-sea exploration is of great significance for the study and utilization of deep-sea ecology, the exploitation of deep-sea petroleum and mineral resources, and the study of deep-sea geological structure.

The ocean covers 70% of the total area of the earth and more than 90% of the earth's living space. In fact, in the vast ocean world, the ocean influences climate and weather phenomena on land, and a large number of marine flora and fauna are important food for humans**.

Oceans sail between continents and countries around the world, and about half of the world's population lives in coastal areas. Changes in the Earth's oceans will directly affect our lives on land, so it is necessary for us to detect this change earlier, in addition to increasing people's knowledge of the ocean for safety and economic benefits, exploring the ocean floor will also satisfy human curiosity and thirst for unknown knowledge.

Characteristics of marine pollution:

1. Pollution sources are wide, not only human activities in the ocean can pollute the ocean, but also the pollutants produced by human beings on land and other activities will eventually flow into the ocean through river runoff, atmospheric diffusion, rain and snow and other forms of precipitation.

2. Strong sustainability, the ocean is the lowest area on the earth, and it is impossible to transfer or eliminate pollutants through a rainstorm or a flood season like the atmosphere and rivers; Once pollutants enter the ocean, it is difficult to transfer them out, and insoluble and non-decomposable substances accumulate in the ocean, often through biological concentration and food chain transmission, posing a potential threat to human beings.

3. The global ocean is an interconnected whole, and if a sea area is polluted, it will often spread to the surrounding area, and even some later effects will affect the whole world.

1. Coastal industrial enterprises directly discharge sewage into the sea.

2. Rivers that flow into the sea, and these rivers have enterprises in the area through which they discharge sewage into the water body.

3. Due to the exhaust gas with pollutants emitted into the atmosphere, the vertical macro after acid rain is formed, causing the rainfall to enter the sea.

4. Overfishing destroys the ecological balance of the ocean.

5. Waste abandonment, pollutant leakage, and organic matter leakage from transport vessels. Lift the shirt.

6. Leakage and omission caused by the mining of minerals under the marine land.

Marine pollution usually refers to the destruction of marine ecosystems by humans who have changed the original state of the ocean. Marine pollution can cause toxins to accumulate in marine aquatic products, which can cause diseases after human use.

Due to marine pollution, the death or deformity of marine organisms will change the ecological balance of the entire ocean, and will also cause the relocation of fishing grounds, the death of fish stocks, the flooding of red tides, the abandonment of some tidal flat farms, and the loss of some precious marine resources. When the oceans are polluted, plankton will die, the ocean's ability to absorb carbon dioxide will be reduced, and the greenhouse effect will be accelerated. In order to protect the marine environment, it is necessary to strengthen the anti-fouling management of ships, drilling and oil production platforms.

Strict management and control of the dumping of waste into the sea, and the dumping of radioactive waste and harmful Zensen substances into the sea is prohibited.