Explain the mechanisms of bubble trafficking and fusion at the molecular level? 5

In fact, it is not a chemical resemblance, and the upstairs sees them as a whole.

If the contents of the package are synthesized into polypeptides, signal peptide molecules are formed, which are cleaved off when they enter the endoplasmic reticulum. It is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum to form macromolecular proteins, which are transported to the Golgi apparatus.

It is then transported to the target site, which can be intracellular (lysosomes.

nucleus) or extracellular (secreted proteins).

If the mechanism of decytosis and exocytosis will be different, in short, it is as follows:

The target protein or macromolecule binds to the receptor protein on the membrane to form a multimer, and the receptor protein is attached to an integrin protein (transmembrane protein) on the opposite side of the membrane. When it binds to a receptor (target protein or large molecule), the conjugin protein configuration changes to allow it to recognize clathrin. --Clathrin is a three-legged protein complex (LZ self).

After the conjugin protein recognizes the junction clathrin, the configuration of the membrane changes, and the clathrin continues to be added to the clathrin after it is condensed inward or outward, making it deeper and deeper when the activator protein (GTP-binding protein) connects to its depression point (bottleneck), making it and the cell membrane.

Isolation (mechanism is not yet known) to form clathrin with vesicles. Next, the clathrin is uncoated and the clathrin is unloaded, forming a transport vacuole.

The transport vesicle passes through actin.

It binds to the cell membrane skeleton, specifically transports to the target microdot, and then binds to it through similar dissolution.

It should be noted that the intracellular vesicle trafficking mechanism is complex and involves the interaction of multiple proteins, in addition to the cytoskeleton.

There is a very close connection.

It cannot be simply regarded as similar compatibility, whether it is transported out of the cell or transported in, there are many inspection points on the cell membrane, and if they cannot be recognized by each other, dimers are formed.

then can not make phospholipids.

Layer blending. Cell Biology is a good reference book.

There are a lot of animations in the courseware of our teacher's class that talk about the transportation of this membrane bubble, and if you want to see it, you can send it to you a bit big.

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Membrane vesicle trafficking is a mode of transport of intracellular and extracellular substances and includes three types: endocytosis, exosomes, and transmembrane transport. 1.

Endocytosis Endocytosis is when the cell encapsulates an external substance through a membrane vesicle into the cell, forming endocytic vesicles. Endocytosis is classified into three types: 1 Phagocytosis:

Cells expand their cell membranes, encapsulating large particles or other cellular solid material inside small phagocytic vesicles, which are called phagosomes. 2 receptor-mediated endocytosis: cell surface-specific receptors bind to specific solutes and then endocytosize them into the cell via membrane vesicles.

3Eosinophil-endothelial cell interaction: Eosinophils participate in cellular immune responses, releasing biologically active substances, resulting in increased vascular permeability, and endothelial cells carry harmful substances out of the blood <>circulation through membrane vesicles with synaptic connection effects

<> three types of bubble transport and their mechanism of action.

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Membrane vesicle transport is a mode of intracellular and extracellular transport of pyrophoric rocks and includes three types: endocytosis, exosome, and transmembrane transport. 1.

Endocytosis Endocytosis is when the cell encapsulates an external substance through a membrane vesicle into the cell, forming endocytic vesicles. Endocytosis is classified into three types: 1 Phagocytosis:

Cells expand their cell membranes, encapsulating large particles or other cellular solid material inside small phagocytic vesicles, which are called phagosomes. 2 Receptor-mediated endocytosis: cell surface-specific receptors bind to specific solutes and then endocytosis them into the cell via membrane vesicles.

3. Eosinophil-endothelial cell interaction: Eosinophils participate in cellular immune responses, release biologically active substances, resulting in increased vascular permeability, and endothelial cells carry harmful substances out of the blood <>circulation through membrane vesicles with synaptic connections

<> pro-kiss, exocrine effect exocrine refers to the excretion of intracellular substances into the cell by cells through membrane vesicles. There are two types of exocrine action: 1. Tissue fluid secretion:

Cells copolymerize and fuse vesicles to form fluid that can be secreted on their own, which is subsequently secreted outside the cell. 2. Cell fusion: It has the characteristics of multi-nucleus, which can complement each other through the cell structure and subcellular structure to complete the fusion, thereby releasing the substance.

3.Transmembrane transportTransmembrane transport refers to the bidirectional transport of cells across the cell membrane through protein channels or pumps that involve the movement of substances between membrane vesicles. The functions of transmembrane transport include the exchange of extracellular and intracellular substances, the regulation of cell volume, and the maintenance of intracellular ion concentration balance.

The mechanisms of transmembrane transport mainly include passive diffusion and active transport<>