The theory of evolution really does not stand up to scrutiny, how DNA is formed and evolved

How to explain the production of populations with different amounts of DNA 1, survival of the fittest. Population is the basic unit of biological evolution. 2。

2.Darwin's theory of evolution does not elucidate the nature of heredity and variation and the mechanism of action of natural selection. Different:

Same. In Darwin's theory, modern evolutionary theory emphasizes the evolution of groups. The survival of the fittest, the differentiation of populations, through their comprehensive action, adaptability.

Darwin's theory of evolution focuses on the evolution of living beings. 2: It can explain the reasons for the evolution of organisms and the diversity of organisms.

4。"Modern evolution"1, and modern evolution overcomes this shortcoming. Mutations and genetic recombinations, no struggle for survival.

Mutations and genetic recombination produce raw materials for organisms. Darwinian theory of evolution is "natural selection, which holds that population is the basic unit of biological evolution." Natural selection causes a population to change the gene frequency orientation and determine the direction of biological evolution:

1. The essence of biological evolution lies in the change of gene frequencies in populations. Comparison of modern biological evolution with Darwinian evolution. 3, and ultimately lead to the formation of new species, natural selection and isolation are the three basic links of speciation.

3, natural selection is attributed to the continuation of genotypic differences. 5.Isolation is a necessary condition for the formation of new species, and natural selection is also underway, and natural selection comes from overbreeding and the struggle for survival; And in modern evolutionary theory.

Evolutionary theory mainly focuses on the development of organisms at the individual and group levels, and the theory of evolution contains biological origins, but cannot explain biological origins in a purely evolutionary way. For example, how DNA is formed, which needs to be explained at the molecular biology level.

Experiments have shown that inorganic small molecules can interact with each other in a specific environment (simulating the original atmospheric environment) and polymerize into biological macromolecules. We can think that the original DNA was a small fragment of nucleic acid formed by the collision of various inorganic small molecules, and the small fragment of nucleic acid copied and transcribed itself, added insertions, and gradually evolved into today's complex genes and chromosomes.

Is DNA evolved, or is it God's wise design? Many scientists have questioned the theory of evolution.

The evolutionary process of different organisms is different, and the DNA and natural environment are different.

Evolution, also known as evolution, in biology, refers to the change of genetic traits in a population from generation to generation. The so-called trait refers to the expression of genes, in the process of reproduction, genes will be replicated and passed on to offspring, mutations in genes can change traits, and then cause genetic variation between individuals. New traits are transferred through the population as the genes move through the population due to species migration or horizontal gene transfer between species.

Evolution occurs when these genetic variations become more common or no longer rare in a population due to non-random natural selection or random genetic drift. To put it simply, evolution is essentially a change in the frequency of genes in a population.

Genes are regions of a DNA molecule that contain genetic information, while DNA is a long chain of molecules containing four bases. Different genes have different base sequences that form genetic information in the form of encoding. The long strands of DNA in a cell aggregate with proteins to form a chromosome structure, a specific location on the chromosome called locus.

Sometimes the sequences on the locus vary from individual to individual, and these various variations are called alleles. Mutations can alter the gene sequence to create new alleles. When a mutation occurs, the newly formed allele may affect the trait controlled by this gene, altering the phenotype.

However, there are fewer cases where a single allele corresponds to a single trait, and most traits are more complex and controlled by many interacting genes.

Creatures in nature, through a fierce struggle for survival, the adaptors survive, and the unadaptables are eliminated, which is natural selection. Environmental conditions have changed, and previously favourable variations may become unfavourable, while previously unfavourable variations may become favorable. Alleles are produced through genetic mutations and form a wide variety of genotypes through genetic recombination during sexual reproduction, resulting in a large number of heritable variations in the population.

Mutation is not directional, and mutation only provides raw materials for biological evolution, and cannot determine the direction of biological evolution. The variation generated in the population is not directional, and after a long period of natural selection, the unfavorable variation is continuously eliminated, and the favorable variation is gradually accumulated, so that the gene frequency of the population is changed in a directional manner, resulting in the slow evolution of organisms in a certain direction.

and the environment in which it lives.

It's the DNA that is different from the environment in which it lives.

New DNA evidence found in the sediments of the Denisova cave in Siberia suggests that it may have been a meeting place that overlapped with Neanderthals, Denisovans, and Homo sapiens. Will this change our evolution as modern humans?

In anthropological circles, it is well known that our Neanderthal and Denisovan ancestors lived in the Denisovan Caves in the mountains of Western Giant Zunberia for twenty years. Over the years, scientists have unearthed bones, teeth, stone tools, and jewelry dating back 300,000 years. However, in a recent study, new evidence suggests that modern humans may have overlapped with our ancestors and were in the same cave.

Scientists say: We now have the first direct evidence of the existence of ancient humans at the site. Whether our ancestors could have mixed and interbred, leading to the evolution of our species and technology today.

According to the study, the evidence pointing to all of this is based on the analysis of ancient DNA extracted from more than 700, soil samples from three rooms at the bottom of the cave. A quarter of the samples contained ancient human DNA from tiny fragments of human hair, **, and feces mixed with soil. Additional DNA from ancient dogs, bears, hyenas, and horses has also been found.

The DNA of all three species was found in a 45,000 to 22,000-year-old layer of soil, and researchers believe they all overlapped in this cave.

Archaeologists who were not involved in the study said: I can't think of three other places where human species have traveled through time and space. We can combine insights from the past to better understand the timeline of ancient humans.

To help understand it, below is the data from the Denisova Cave estimated timeline. 250,000 years ago: Denisovans occupied the cave 190,000 years ago:

Climate change due to global warming and Neanderthal arrival190,000 - 130,000 years ago: Denisovans and Neanderthals shared caves130,000 - 100,000 years ago: Neanderthals were the only occupants 100,000 years ago:

A second group of Denisovans emerged and lived with Neanderthals for 78,000 years 45,000 years ago: the first Homo sapiens arrived, and new evidence suggests that they lived between Denisovans and Neanderthals at the same time. But here comes the question of the stove destruction, why this cave?

Interestingly, Denisovans and Neanderthals kept returning to the cave, which may have followed a migration route between Europe and Asia.

The structure of DNA comes from the need for stability.

As the genetic material of the cell, the stability of DNA is beyond doubt. "The stability of cellular genetic material is paramount", even living organisms that are careful about the use of energy, in terms of maintaining the stability of genetic material, it is also cost-effective in maintaining the stability of genetic material, such as the error correction mechanism of replication, which requires a lot of energy. Therefore, it is necessary for the DNA to have an extremely stable structure.

According to the "RNA World Hypothesis", the first biological macromolecule to appear on Earth was RNA, so RNA has some functions of DNA and protein at the same time. After that, RNA "evolved" in two directions: proteins became more structurally diverse to perform different biological functions, but the stability of their structure did not need to be so strict, because in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus can be modified, and if it is not possible, it will be degraded and restarted; DNA, on the other hand, has acquired a very strict structure, it does not need to perform other functions, the only function is to store genetic information, so the stability of its structure is the most important.

The reason why DNA has this structure is also due to evolutionary selection over a long period of time, which does not contradict the theory of evolution.

In any case, we should still admire the beauty and ingenuity of the DNA structure.

The structure and function are compatible. Such a DNA structure is formed in order to process and pass on the genetic information well, and there is no big mistake. So thousands of years of evolution have formed such a low because of the double helix structure.

The structure also facilitates rapid replication of DNA.

On December 27, 1831, the HMS Beagle, a royal exploration ship owned by the British Navy, set sail with the main task of surveying hydrographic maps of the east and west coasts of South America and nearby islands, and completing accurate timekeeping surveys around the world. The young naturalist who accompanied the expedition was none other than Darwin, who would later become the great founder of evolution. His main mission on this trip around the world was to investigate and understand the geology, flora and fauna of various places.

Darwin was unusually dutiful, and everywhere he went, he carefully collected all kinds of information and wrote a diary of scientific expeditions. The wind and sun, thunder and lightning did not stop his work. In mid-September 1835, upon his arrival in the Galapagos Islands, Darwin discovered during his expedition:

The island is rich in plants and animals, but the forms and habits of various animals are different. Even if it's the same animal, there are differences. This strange phenomenon provoked Darwin's deep thinking.

He came to realize that the facts of nature and theological doctrine seemed irreconcilable. By the time he left the Galapagos Islands, the theory of biological evolution had already germinated in his mind.

The "Beagle" expedition around the world lasted five years and ended in October 1836. After returning home, Darwin was haunted by the question of why living things change, and he was determined to unravel the mystery. He began to collect all the facts about the changes in domestic and natural conditions of animals and plants, such as pigeons, goldfish, cats, dogs, cows, chickens and other animals, as well as various ornamental flowers and plants such as peonies and chrysanthemums; Darwin also issued a large number of questionnaires and visited many plant breeders and animal breeders to hear their experiences in cultivating improved breeds.

After 15 months of systematic investigation and research, he compiled the first notebook on species change, recording his observation and analysis of animal and plant variation under domestic and natural conditions.

After much thought, Darwin finally came up with a set of theories: organisms have mutating characteristics, and when living conditions change, individual differences will occur. People pick out the types of mutations that are in the interest of humanity and let them be passed on to the next generation.

Due to the genetic characteristics of organisms, individual variations are passed on and new species are formed. Darwin extended this theory to organisms that live under natural conditions, and a large number of facts show that there is also a similar process of artificial selection in nature.

Inspired by the British economist Malthus's "Principles of Population", Darwin further refined his thinking, arguing that living things must struggle with their living environment, and that living things must fight with each other for living space, sunlight and nutrition. In the struggle for survival, species that can adapt to their environment survive; Species that do not adapt to the environment are eliminated.

He summed up his theory as follows: the survival of the fittest and the elimination of the unfit, which is called natural selection.

In November 1859, Darwin's masterpiece on biological evolution, On the Origin of Species, was published. The publication of this work overturned creationism and the theory of the immutability of species with a new scientific idea of biological evolution. "The Origin of Species" is a masterpiece of Darwin's theory of evolution, which marks the formal establishment of the theory of evolution.

In our past understanding, the theory of evolution is the best evidence of human origins. With the continuous exploration of science, we know that there are many loopholes in the theory of evolution, and if the theory of evolution does not appear, some people think that the origin of human beings recorded by the Sumerian civilization may be the most convincing evidence. So what exactly is recorded in the Sumerian civilization?

What is recorded in Sumer?

In the Sumerian civilization, the origin of human beings actually started from a race, this race is called the Anunnaki, at that time there was a planet in space called the planet Nibiru, and there was a highly developed intelligent civilization on this planet, and these intelligent civilizations were the Anunnaki. Although the Anunnaki's technological civilization is very superb, but with the acceleration of development, the resources of Ibiru are becoming more and more scarce, in order to continue the civilization of Nibiru, the Anunnaki also have to turn their attention to other planets in the universe, and the Earth has become their target.

When the Anunnaki people came to Earth, they began to search for precious resources on Earth, that is, **. In the Sumerian literature, we can see that the reserves of ** are directly proportional to the development of science and technology. The mining process is long, so they have to change the earth into a habitable planet, and at this time they start looking for labor, hoping to help them build and mine resources together.

With this goal in mind, the Anunnaki began to combine the species of the earth, which at that time had all kinds of strange species, but these species could not help them solve their problems, because these creatures were not intelligent.

The emergence of humans.

To solve this problem, the Arunnaki extracted their own genes and combined them with other organisms, which became the species that most genetically resembled the Anunnaki. After that, they continued to experiment, and finally they found that the apes were very similar in appearance, so they directly genetically modified the apes, which became the first humans on the planet.

Through the records of Sumerian documents, we can see that there were many mysterious frescoes in ancient times, which depicted magnificent buildings and many humanoids, and if the Sumerian records are true, then these mysterious buildings were actually completed by the Anunnaki. Later, humans became slaves of the Anunnaki, and some of the Anunnaki people opposed this situation, so they started a war, hoping to lead humans out of the bitter sea, at that time, in order to preserve the fire of mankind, this part of the Anunnaki people built a huge ship, which carried the hope of mankind, this ship is the legendary Noah's Ark.

Although these things seem incredible, the Sumerian civilization is indeed a real civilization that can be studied, and their record of human beings is more comprehensive, of course, this is only a reference, and what the origin of human beings is still inconclusive.