When did the textile machine appear in ancient China

The most primitive textile tool in China should be spinning bricks, which is a flat and circular spinning wheel made of stone or pottery shards, with a short rod in the middle, using the inertia of the object to rotate, engaged in the work of winding and twisting yarn.

From the excavated textiles, it can be inferred that there were spinning wheels in the Spring and Autumn period. During the Qin and Han dynasties, hand-cranked single spindle spinning wheels were widely used.

The improvement of the textile wheel in the Song Dynasty moved towards a breakthrough development, and the emergence of the hemp spinning wheel and the water transport spinning wheel actually had the prototype of a small factory. The most important achievement in textile technology is the weaving method and jacquard process of fabrics such as leno brocade forging. The cotton weaving industry has also developed gradually.

Common sense history.

The world's earliest plain crepe silk textiles - in the silk fabrics unearthed from the Shang Dynasty ruins in Gaocheng Taixi, plain crepe silk fabrics....Yi Hu is the world's earliest similar fabric specimen found in China. It proves that as early as the 14th century B.C., the Chinese people have mastered the textile technology of twisting silk spinning yarn and weaving it to produce crepe patterns slowly. The world's earliest degummed linen fabric, the linen fragment from the Shang Dynasty site in Gaocheng Taixi, is the world's earliest artificially degummed hemp fabric found at present.

According to experts, the content of colloidal bast in linen yarn is very small. It shows that more than 3400 years ago, the Chinese people have mastered the bast fiber degumming technology. The textile level of these linen cloths is equivalent to the hemp fabrics in the Mawangdui Han Tomb of the Western Han Dynasty more than a thousand years later.

Silk Road South, Seris is the "Silk Country". Ancient Greece and Rome called China Ceris, and the silk used by the Ceris people to weave silk was not derived from plants, but also from other legal systems. The method is as follows:

Its own country has worms, which the Greeks called ser. The people of Seris do not call it Sail, but they have another name. The insect is about twice the size of the beetle.

The properties of other species are similar to those of web-forming spiders under ...... treesIn winter and summer, the Seris built a special house to raise livestock. The insect spits out things, similar to filaments. In short, it is because Chinese silk is different from ancient Greece and Rome, and it was shipped out through the Southern Silk Road, and was called China by ancient Greece and Rome, also known as Seris, also known as the Silk Country.

Textile technology has been learned for a long time, and technology has been improving over time, but because textiles are organic things, very few have been preserved in the long history. As a result, many ancient textile techniques only exist in records, and there is no physical assessment of what level they have reached, so that many textiles and textile technologies only exist in legends.

Fewer archaeological discoveries do not mean that there are none, among some rarely preserved items, there are breathtaking boutiques, among which the most representative work is the plain yarn shirt found in Mawangdui.

Mawangdui Han Tomb.

It is one of the most famous archaeological discoveries since the founding of the People's Republic of China, in which many treasures have been found, and the plain yarn shirt unearthed in Mawangdui No. 1 is one of the representatives. The whole dress is made of plain yarn fabric, no lining, no color, so the unearthed book is called plain yarn shirt. It is made of fine silk weaving, with a single warp and single weft silk interwoven with square hole plain weave, the silk thread is extremely fine, light and exquisite, the eyelets are uniform and clear, the weight of the whole body is only 49 grams, it can be described as light as smoke, thin as cicada wings, folded up can be packed into a matchbox.

Western Han Dynasty straight plain yarn shirt.

Its superb production skills represent silkworm raising and silk reeling in the early Western Han Dynasty.

The highest level of weaving technology. It can be said to be a model of ancient superb textile technology.

Compared with silk, cotton appears in China for a much shorter time, and it will be used later to be popularized and used in a real large area. So cotton weaving technology doesn't seem to be so famous compared to silk weaving, but one of the characters to be mentioned here is Huang Daopo.

Its merit is the improvement of cotton textile technology. Huang Daopo is one of the few women who can be recorded in history, and she is praised for her own skills, which shows what kind of contribution she made to the improvement and development of cotton textile at that time.

Silk is also a skill of ancient silk fabrics, and has been passed down to this day, even if today's science and technology have been extremely developed, but the machine can not restore the process of silk, all silk weaving still needs to be pure.

Done by hand. Since the Song Dynasty, silk has been used by the imperial palace and is mostly used to weave dragon robes.

and other costumes, whose exquisite craftsmanship is breathtaking, has been included in the national intangible cultural heritage.

It is one of the representatives of ancient superb textile technology.

Very powerful. Because the textile technology in ancient times was very delicate and very scientific, I thought it was very powerful.

Textile technology is relatively very powerful, and now there is a big gap, but it is already a very mature technology under the conditions at that time.

In our country, in fact, textile machines have appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and hand-spinning wheels have been used by many people in the Han Dynasty. In some tombs of the Han Dynasty, people have found some pictures in the tombs, which are images of these hand-spinning wheels. So it is inferred that there have been such looms since that time.

Later, it gradually developed and formed a pedal spinning wheel, because of the existence of such some machines, which greatly promoted people's progress, improved the production efficiency of people at that time, and helped to increase the labor force of those workers in the production of products.

First, the spinning wheel appeared in our country earlier than the West, and textile technology has always been ahead of the West. This is specifically because the invention technology of the spinning wheel in our country is far earlier than that of the West, especially the use of some water sources as the power of the spinning wheel, and China's technology is about 4 centuries ahead of the West. This is far longer than the development of Jenny loom at that time, although Jenny loom also played such a role in helping people work, but if it is under the influence of the times, China's textile technology is still a lot ahead of the influence of the West.

Second, the impact of the development of the spinning wheel after all, there are certain defects in the history of the basics, there is no way to know the age of the textile machine and the time of replacement, through some historical data investigation can know. Under the continuous replacement technology of textile machines, their work efficiency has improved a lot compared with the textile machines made by people at the beginning, and even increased exponentially. Therefore, when people are working, there is no need to stay by the side day and night, which facilitates people's lives.

At the same time, it also promotes the economic and cultural development of society.

Regardless of when the world's first textile machine appeared, this one originated in China, because only in Chinese historical records is the time when the textile machine appeared at the earliest.

With the development of Neolithic agriculture and the improvement of manual skills, primitive textile technology was developed. After extraction, performance and spinning, fiber becomes the main material for weaving clothing. Early textile tools included spinning wheels, spindles, and spindles.

a) Spinning wheel. The spinning wheel is mainly made of pottery and stone, with a diameter of about 5 cm and a thickness of 1 cm, also called "spinning" and "special plate", with a hole in the middle and a rod can be inserted. When spinning, first twist the hemp or other fibers to be spun and wrap them on the special rod, and then hang down, hold the rod in one hand, rotate the disc in the other hand, rotate to the left or right, and continue to add fibers, which can promote the fiber drafting and pulling. When it is spun to a certain length, the spun yarn is wound to the special rod.

b) Spindle. The spindle is the main part of the spindle. Insert a wooden straight rod with two pointed ends in the small hole in the center of the spinning wheel, which is a spindle. The spindle is the product of the combination of a spindle and a straight rod.

The spindle, also known as the "special pole", continuously adds layers of fibers stripped from wild hemp to the rotating spindle, and a piece of plant fiber yarn is produced, which can be combined and twisted to make threads that can be used to weave fishing nets, lassoes, baskets, tie cans, make clothes and even build houses. The spindle is the product of the development of the textile handicraft industry to a certain stage.

c) Spun pendant. The spindle is a developed form of the spindle. Early spindles were heavier and suitable for spinning coarse yarns, while in the late Neolithic period, spinning wheels became light and fine, allowing for finer yarns. The shape of the spinning pendant has also changed from a single circle to a variety of shapes, such as circles, gears, spheres, cones, tables, mushrooms and quadrilaterals.

The emergence of spinning pendants not only changed the textile production of primitive society, but also had a very far-reaching impact on the development of spinning tools in later generations.

4) Original waist machine.

The primitive waist machine is one of the oldest and simplest looms in the world, having appeared as early as the Middle and Late Neolithic. Zhejiang Hemudu site, Liangzhu cultural site, Jiangxi Guixi Spring and Autumn Warring States Tomb group have unearthed some parts of the waist machine, such as weft beating knife, warp stick, heald rod, etc. Shaanxi Xi'an Banpo site unearthed a lot of pottery spinning wheels for spinning, with a certain amount of thread spinning can be weaved.

The performance and structure of ancient Chinese textile tools are the most important issues in the process of studying the history of ancient Chinese textile technology. Chinese machine weaving originated from the waist machine and spinning wheel in the Neolithic period 5,000 years ago. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, simple mechanical spinning wheels, reeling wheels, and looms with traditional properties appeared one after another, and jacquard machines and bias looms were widely used in the Han Dynasty.

Ancient textile tools include: spinning specialty, tubular bone needle, weft beating wooden knife and bone knife.

There are spinning specialists, tubular bone needles, weft beating wooden knives and bone knives.

There are spinning wheels, reeling wheels, textile machines, etc.

The principle of the textile machine is the full name of the tool used by the textile machine to process thread, silk, hemp and other raw materials into silk thread and then weave it into cloth. Elephant spinning pendants, spinning wheels, spindles, pedal looms, mechanical looms, CNC automatic looms, etc. The development of ancient and modern textile processes and equipment are designed in response to textile raw materials, so raw materials have an important position in textile technology.

The fibers used for textiles in ancient countries around the world are all natural fibers, generally three kinds of staple fibers (wool, linen, and cotton).

In ancient times, our country learned to weave cloth very early. Stone spinning wheels have been found in the ruins of the Banpo primitive inhabitants about five or six thousand years ago, so it proves that the Banpo primitive inhabitants about five or six thousand years ago have learned to spin thread, weave cloth, and make clothes.

China's textile technology is quite developed.

There are two ways to do this:

The first is the archaeological discovery of the Mawangdui Han Tomb, that is, the so-called plain yarn single clothes, and Qirong cotton. This fully illustrates the superb technology possessed by the silk weaving industry in the Han Dynasty.

Plain yarn shirt: The characteristics of plain yarn shirt can be summarized as follows:

First, it is light: the weight is only 49 grams, and if you remove the heavier collar, sleeves, and placket edge of the silk, its weight is only more than 20 grams. It can be described as "thin as cicada wings" and "light as smoke".

Second, the color is bright and the decoration is gorgeous.

The second thing is that in the Han Dynasty, the famous Silk Road was opened, which fully illustrates that the influence of the textile industry in the Han Dynasty spread overseas.

Loom zhībùjī

loom] is a colloquial name for a loom.

The world-famous Huang Daopo also lived in Shuinan Village to learn art. As early as the time of Emperor Lizong of the Southern Song Dynasty, Huang Daopo, who was only 13 years old, drifted to Shuinan Village in Yazhou with a merchant ship to escape being a child daughter-in-law. At that time, the cotton textile technology of the Li people was ahead of the Han nationality in the Central Plains, and Huang Daopo devoted herself to learning from the Li people to spin yarn with kapok batting, using rice wine, coconut water, bark and wild plants as pigments to tone and dye the thread, and using the textile printing and dyeing technology of machine heald, flower and weaving, and invented the pedal "three blooms and three lines" spinning wheel and the "waist weaving machine" loom 400 years earlier than Europe, which improved the quality of brocade and became a "great female weaver in ancient China".

The pattern of Li brocade and tube skirt woven by "treadmill vertebral arch" is gorgeous and elegant, and there are more than 200 kinds of chicken patterns, horsetail patterns, frog patterns, etc., which are known as "machine sink, hundreds of flowers and thousands of flowers".

In the past, looms were called spinning machines.

The first spinning machine was invented by Hargreaves. The spinning machine's name was "Jenny", which was named after his daughter. It can be found in high school world history textbooks.

In ancient times, such machines were made of wood, and their representative figure was Huang Po in the south.