Why are scientists chasing dark matter?

<> What is dark matter?

Einstein drew a corollary from his theory of relativity: the shape of the universe depends on the amount of mass of the universe.

He believes that the universe is finite and closed. If so, the average density of matter in the universe must reach a minus 30 grams per cubic centimeter of 5 10.

However, the density of the universe that has been observable so far is 100 times smaller than this value. In other words, most of the matter in the universe is "missing", and scientists call this "missing" matter "dark matter".

Recently, a team of scientists in Russia found that there may be more dark matter in the early universe than there is today. Since the dawn of the universe, some unstable dark matter has begun to decay gradually, from some form of particle that makes up dark matter to lighter particles. This discovery may help scientists better understand what the universe is really like.

"Now, we are able to calculate exactly how much dark matter has disappeared and how much of this unstable composition has been commensurate," Tkachev said in a statement. ”

Dark matter is a substance that people can't see. Due to the reflection or refraction of visible light, people's naked eyes can perceive the presence of certain substances, whereas dark matter is not reflected or refracted with visible light, so people naturally cannot directly perceive their properties. Through years of research, the scientific community can confirm some of the fundamental properties of dark matter.

Dark matter does not emit light automatically. Dark matter cannot reflect or refract light, that is, it has no effect on photons. Dark matter does not collide with stars or galaxies.

If they collide with a star or galaxy, violent and observable physical phenomena occur.

There are four types of interactions in nature. Dark matter as we know it has mass, it participates in the interaction of gravity, but not in the interaction of electromagnetism, so it does not emit light or reflect light; Dark matter does not participate in strong interactions, so the penetration is very strong, and the probability of a reaction between visible matter particles is very small.

For physicists, it makes sense to study dark matter, because the density and amount of dark matter will determine the ultimate fate of the universe. The greater the mass of matter in the universe, the more effective the gravitational pull will be, and the more likely it is that the universe will contract at a critical point. If the universe were in a state of contraction, it would inevitably return to a hot, high-density singularity.

Dark matter exists. Although we can't see them, we can get some definite results through the observation and calculation of natural phenomena. As long as they exist, what exists must interfere with other living beings.

We can infer their existence by studying these interference phenomena.

Based on the general theory of relativity, scientists are right, and then they can detect the mass distribution of matter by gravity. However, if there are some flaws in general relativity that need to be corrected, and once corrected, the observations and theories match each other, there is no need to introduce dark matter. Then the dark matter hypothesis would not have to exist.

The gravitational pull provided by dark matter is very important, and gravitational drag occurs when an object passes through dark matter, but it is not found in actual observations. Some scientists have questioned the inaccuracy of methods for estimating the mass and quantity of black holes at the center of galaxies, which has led to errors in our estimates.

Because scientists have already had a preliminary understanding, and scientists have always suspected the creation of this substance, because after the creation of this substance, there will be these subsequent inferences.

Because there are many unknown secrets in the world and the universe, in addition to visible light, you will feel a lot of electromagnetic waves, and there will be many abnormal phenomena due to gravity.

Scientists work through the laws of the planet's movements, and then through calculations, that dark matter exists.

Judging from the word "dark matter" alone, we have very little understanding of it, otherwise we would not use the word "dark", at present, we only assume the existence of dark matter, and have not proved its existence through actual research!

When examining the motion of distant galaxies, scientists found that the celestial bodies at the edge of the galaxy are moving abnormally! Under normal circumstances, the celestial bodies at the edge of the galaxy move relatively slowly, otherwise they would have been thrown out of the galaxy long ago! However, after a long period of observation, scientists have found that the celestial objects at the edge of galaxies are moving very fast, which is significantly faster than the theoretical value calculated by the law of gravity!

What does this illustrate? According to the laws of gravity, according to the laws of gravity, the celestial bodies on the edge should not have stayed there and rotated at such high speeds, but should have flown away from the constraints of the galaxy long ago!

In fact, the objects on the edge do not fly away from the gravitational constraints of galaxies. Either the laws of gravity that we know are wrong are too frightening, and it means that almost all the laws of physics will collapse. Either there's matter that can generate additional gravitational pull, and the celestial body that pulls on the edge won't fly away!

Obviously, the second option is probably the easiest to bear, and scientists have naturally assumed the existence of dark matter, proving that the gravitational pull of dark matter pulls the celestial bodies on the edges, allowing them to move at high speeds!

But of course, scientists have not really observed the existence of dark matter, because dark matter is different from ordinary matter, dark matter simply does not interact with ordinary matter, except for gravity! In other words, dark matter only interacts with ordinary matter through gravity, and it does not emit light, does not reflect, and does not transmit any signals such as electromagnetic waves, so it is difficult to be directly observed!

According to relevant calculations, scientists have learned that dark matter is the master of the world, the amount of dark matter is about 4 times that of ordinary matter, it is like the "glue" in the universe, bonding ordinary matter will not collapse, dark matter is everywhere around us, but it is difficult for us to perceive its existence!

As for why dark matter cannot be observed, there are quite a few hypotheses at present, but the current mainstream consensus in the scientific community is: cold dark matter model. So how should this be understood?

First of all, we have to start from the origin of the world, if we can cut the matter infinitely by a god machete, then cut until you can no longer continue to cut, you will get some particles, according to the current theory, you will get quarks, electrons, neutrinos and other particles, you can even rudely understand that this is the "most broken meat", but there is a problem, what connects these "most broken meat"? According to the current theory, there is a "field" in space, and the magnetic field is a field, and the essence of the field is to transfer interactions, and then "glue together" these substances. The substances that we usually see, or that scientists have been observing, basically participate in these four effects.

In particular, the use of telescopes for observation is the electromagnetic interaction.

The strange thing about dark matter is that it does not participate in strong interactions, and at the same time it does not participate in electromagnetic interactions. As a result, we cannot observe its existence. Second, dark matter is involved in weak interactions, but the probability of them happening is negligible, and the weak interactions themselves are weak, so they are difficult to detect.

I believe that as long as we persevere, strengthen research, and choose more advanced technology and equipment, we will definitely have results, and it is only a matter of time, and we will definitely make a qualitative breakthrough and discover the real dark matter.

There are many things that can be explained through dark matter, but now our science and technology are limited, and there will be many breakthroughs in the future, and they will definitely have a result.

Dark matter may or may not exist, it is uncertain, and scientists have been searching for it to no avail.

From the perspective of an astronaut, all stars are floating in space, what is the force that makes so many stars float in the air, not colliding, not merging, not separating? Always in a state of if-and-leave?

The reason is simple, and that's the dark matter we've been looking for.

Air molecules are very stable, regardless of external factors, the distance between molecules is relatively stable, and only changes under external conditions such as pressure, temperature, etc. What is it that allows air molecules to maintain such a stable relationship?

The reason is simple, and that's the dark matter we've been looking for.

The rotation of the sun is how it drives the revolution of the surrounding planets? Again, the answer is dark matter.

How can we prove that the Sun revolves the planets through dark matter? It's simple: the precession of the planet's orbits.

Since the density of dark matter is inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the Sun, the change in density causes the forces on the perihelion and aphelion of the planet to be different, and the precession of the planet's orbit is the closer to the Sun, the flatter and more obvious the orbit, such as the precession of Mercury's orbit.

What is dark matter?

When we compress air, excess dark matter will be released in the air due to the change in density, which we observe on a macroscopic basis is called "heat".

Heat is energy, a gaseous substance. The sun emits heat outwards and turns into matter in the outer reaches of the solar system, which is the cosmic rays and energetic particles that we can detect. Just like the water vapor on the earth turns into rain, snow, hail and ...... in the sky

Matter and energy are cyclic and can be converted into each other. Energy is invisible dark matter.

Dark matter is the propagation carrier of light, magnetism, electricity, gravity, etc., which is also the reason for the change of the propagation speed of light in the medium, and the refractive index of matter is different because of the different densities of the dark matter inside.

Each object has its own dark matter field around it, and the density of the field is inversely proportional to the square of the distance to the object.

Gravitational force is the buoyant force of one object in the dark matter field of another object. Buoyancy is generated instantly, but propagation takes time. For example, if we jump into the deep sea, we will immediately become buoyant, but our impact on the bottom of the sea will take time.

In 1902, Henri Poincaré first proposed speculation about dark matter in his book Science and Method:"Is there a dark matter that, at least not as easily observable as a shiny chemical? "。

Kaptan was first used in a 1922 article"Dark matter"He carefully observed the movement of the planets around the solar system to study the dynamic structure of the Milky Way, and he found that the specific mass of the galaxy cluster could be much higher than the total mass of the observed galaxy, with a lack of mass. He is designed to express the orbital velocity of galaxies in a galaxy cluster"Quality is a lack of challenges"Mainly because of dark matter.

Dark matter is therefore a hypothesis designed to express the astronomical spectacle of "mass but not immediately observable with electron optics". Assuming that it is omnipresent in the galaxy and has little interaction with chemicals, its identity remains unknown, despite the fact that the indirectness indicates that it contains more and more objective observational facts.

There have been reports of observations that show dark matter in the universe. Such observations include the rotational speed of galaxies, the gravitational lensing effect of galaxy clusters on environmental objects, and the temperature distribution of galaxies and the hot gases surrounding them. However, this is all intermittent, and there is no strong proof of the existence of dark matter.

Some time ago, the Webb telescope observed the effect of gravitational lensing. When dark matter exists, its mass causes the light source to bend, causing gravitational lensing to distort the shape of galaxies and other objects behind it. One has to ask, if it is so difficult to directly observe dark matter, can experts create dark matter in the laboratory?

In fact, there is a way to create dark matter, which is the particle acceleration experiment. It is very likely that dark matter is manufactured by network accelerators such as the Large and Medium Hadron Collider. Because dark matter carries a lot of kinetic energy, it can also detect energy damage.

However, the results of the experiment were not satisfactory, and no energy damage was detected in the experiment. Some say that the experiment is not sound, some say that dark matter does not exist at all, and put forward arguments against the idea of dark matter. Plasma astrophysics, for example, is a good way to describe the problem of galaxy rotation without forcing the assumption of unidentified dark matter that cannot be directly observed

To sum up, although there are more and more objective facts that indirectly indicate the existence of dark matter, there is still no evidence for the existence of dark matter. Whether dark matter really exists is subject to further scientific research and exploration by experts in the future.

Dark matter is inconsistent with astronomical observations due to the existing theoretical derivation, and the existence of dark matter and dark energy must be assumed. Then there are two possibilities: one is that dark matter really exists, but human beings are trying to find it but have not found it; The other is that the existing theory is wrong and needs to be corrected, and the following is another analysis of why so much dark matter and dark energy are mistakenly produced. No.

Dark matter refers to the trace elements that the universe produces every day, but in fact, it is not okay, because this dark matter is likely to cause some disasters.

Dark matter is the substance produced by sunspots, and it is generally impossible to create dark matter in the laboratory, because the temperature will definitely not reach several thousand.