20 points on climate issues in high school geography

These two sentences are actually to give you a better understanding of the difference between weather and climate. According to its meaning, weather is the characteristics of the climate in a short period of time, such as rain, snowfall, temperature drop and rise, wind, and the weather can change at any time.

Climate is the main characteristics of the weather for a long time, including temperature and precipitation, geographically, the general climate spring, summer, autumn and winter may be different, so the climate of each season is discussed separately, the climate generally does not change from year to year, for example, the climate of this spring is the same as that of next spring.

Short-term cloudy rain and snow, cold and hot wind.

Severe convective weather such as cooling, rain or short-term thunderstorms and strong winds generated by the passage of a cold front.

or persistent rainy weather during the passage of a warm front.

The average spring, summer and autumn and winter for many years.

It seems to be talking about a temperate oceanic climate.

ps: I'm going to the college entrance examination room tomorrow.

Short-term"It is "cloudy, sunny, rainy, snowy, cold, hot, windy" These weather all appear in a short time.

"Multi-year" is a relatively stable climate and weather, such as "spring, summer, autumn and winter" temperature, precipitation, light, heat are relatively stable on average.

It's useless to only understand this in the college entrance examination.

You should answer the big questions from the natural and cultural location of the region. Nature is light, water, heat. There is a lot of humanities, and there is no need to answer if it is not clear.

Tell the difference between weather and climate. Weather is small-scale, and climate is large-scale. Weather refers to weather phenomena that occur over a short period of time and on a small scale, and climate refers to weather phenomena that occur over a long period of time and on a large scale.

When describing the weather, use: cloudy, sunny, rainy, snowy, to indicate the weather conditions, cold and hot to indicate the temperature, and wind to describe the wind level. When describing climate, it basically refers to the average climate over many years, which can be described from the perspective of seasonal changes.

Weather is just the condition of a region for a day or less, and if you have seen the weather forecast, why not call it a climate forecast? Because he only forecasts the situation of one day, and the meaning of climate is the statistics of the weather conditions in a region over a long period of time, the last two sentences reflect the question of the length of time.

Solar radiation: It is the most basic factor in the formation of climate.

Underlying surface: It is the direct source of heat and water for the atmosphere.

Different ground conditions directly affect the hydrothermal situation in the atmosphere, which is manifested in:

Sea and land: The continental climate has a large daily and annual temperature range, with the temperature month in July and the lowest temperature in January. Annual precipitation is low and concentrated.

The oceanic climate has a small daily and annual range, with the hottest month in August and the coldest month in February, with more annual precipitation and more uniform distribution.

Topography: a Effect on air temperature: The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature. The temperature in the mountains is cooler than in the nearby plains, and the temperature variation is small (diurnal range).

b Effect on precipitation: windward slope, more precipitation, leeward slope, less precipitation. Mountains are often the dividing line of climate.

Vegetation: *Vegetation cover is different from that of open and scarce vegetation areas. Ocean current: warm current warms and humidifies, cold current cools and dehumidifies.

Atmospheric circulation has a dual nature: atmospheric circulation promotes heat exchange and water exchange between high and low latitudes, between land and sea, adjusts the global distribution of heat and water vapor, and significantly affects the climate of various regions. The spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation through the atmospheric circulation, the wind belt and the monsoon circulation, together with the latitude factor (solar radiation factor), form various climate types (all types of hydrothermal groups).

Atmospheric circulation is itself a climatic phenomenon.

Human activities: Altering atmospheric composition and water vapor content (e.g., increasing CO2, increasing temperature) and releasing heat into the atmosphere (e.g., heat island effect).

Changing the physical and biological properties of the land surface (building reservoirs, planting trees) affects the climate

A benign: aThe construction of the reservoir will increase the atmospheric humidity, cloud cover, and precipitation near the reservoir area, moderate the diurnal and annual changes in temperature, and regulate the climate. b. Artificial afforestation, so that the wind speed decreases, the temperature decreases, and the humidity increases; Wind prevention and sand fixation, maintain water and soil.

bMalignant: enclosing lakes to create fields and draining swamps, destroying the ecological balance and deteriorating the climate; Indiscriminate deforestation and grassland reclamation have led to widespread dust storms, soil erosion, increased floods and droughts, and worsening of the climate. Climate warming, ozone layer hole, acid rain.

1. You should be talking about the climate of India. Because it seems that the tropical monsoon climate in India is caused by the difference in heat on land and sea and the seasonal movement of the pressure belt and wind belt. The summer monsoon in India is a southwesterly wind formed by the geostrophic deflection force of the northern hemisphere after the trade wind belt of the southern hemisphere crosses the equator.

It may be that India is at a lower latitude. The monsoon climate in China, the United States, Brazil, Australia, etc., has nothing to do with the seasonal movement of the pressure belt and wind belt.

2. The trade winds are about 30 degrees north and south latitudes, and you just need to remember the areas with monsoon climates in this region (north and south of China, southeast Brazil, etc., there are in the book), these places are naturally monsoons, and other regions are not.

1. The blowing direction of the wind is mainly affected by high and low pressure, and the rotation direction of air pressure is related to the geostrophic deflection force, the clockwise direction of the south and north (cyclone-low pressure), and the south-north reverse (anticyclone-high pressure), you can look at your air pressure rotation chart according to what I said, and then remember a few high-pressure and low-pressure cyclones, let me give you an example, such as Mongolian high pressure, Pacific low pressure, Mongolian high pressure location find, remember the direction of rotation, the flow of air pressure is high pressure to low pressure flow, so it is blown from land to the ocean, The opposite is true, when the northern hemisphere (Asia) winter, the land is (Mongolian) high pressure, the ocean is (Pacific) low pressure, the direction of rotation, it is the northwest wind blowing by Mongolia or Siberia, this can also be seen from the map, you can take a closer look, you first summarize what I told you, if you can understand, I will explain to you other about air pressure.

2. The trade winds are perennial winds, and there are several trade winds on the earth. The monsoon is a wind that blows according to the influence of air pressure, season, temperature, latitude, etc., and changes with the seasons, and it is not a wind that blows in the same direction throughout the year.

The specific heat capacity of water is larger than that of land, so the temperature of land rises faster than that of the ocean in summer, the temperature of the ocean is lower than that of land, and the air pressure is higher than that of land, and the wind blows from the ocean to the land, forming the summer monsoon. Because the land has a smaller specific heat capacity, heat is lost faster than the ocean. In autumn and winter, the temperature on land is lower than that of the ocean, the air pressure is higher than that of the ocean, and the wind blows from the land to the ocean, forming the winter wind.

Heat capacity is the ability of an object to absorb and store heat. The difference in heat between land and sea is the main cause of the monsoon climate. For example:

China faces the world's largest ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and is backed by the world's largest continent, the Eurasian continent, which causes a strong difference in sea and land heat, so China's climate has obvious monsoon characteristics. Effect of land and sea distribution on atmospheric circulation Effect of land and sea distribution on atmospheric circulation: Differences in thermal properties between land and sea lead to the fracture of the pressure zone in the Northern Hemisphere and the distribution of blocks. The subpolar pressure zone is cut off by the Mongolian-Siberian high, leaving the subpolar depression only over the ocean, forming the Icelandic low in the North Atlantic and the Aleutian low in the North Pacific.

Therefore, the difference between land and sea heat and the pressure and wind bands are interrelated.

The second question trade wind (trade wind) in the low atmosphere on both sides of the equator, the northern hemisphere blows northeast wind, the southern hemisphere blows southeast wind, the direction of this wind rarely changes, they are like this year after year, stable appearance, very credit, this is the reason why trade wind is translated as "trade wind" in Chinese.

The monsoon is a wind system that prevails over a large area due to the temperature difference between the continent and the adjacent oceans, and the wind direction changes significantly with the seasons.

The monsoon is a large-scale convection phenomenon caused by factors such as land and sea distribution, atmospheric circulation, and continental topography, with a one-year cycle. Asia is the most famous monsoon region in the world, and its monsoon is characterized by the existence of two main monsoon circulations, namely the northeast monsoon in winter and the southwest monsoon in summer. Generally speaking, November to March of the following year is the winter monsoon period, June and September are the summer monsoon period, and April May and October are the transition period between summer and winter monsoon.

However, the seasons vary from region to region, so the division of the monsoon is not exactly the same.

The monsoon is a large-scale wind system with significant seasonal changes in wind direction, and is a planetary-scale circulation system like the wind belt, which is caused by the difference between ocean and land temperatures in winter and summer. The monsoon blows from the ocean to the continent in the summer and from the continent to the ocean in the winter. Agree.

It is recommended that you understand and memorize the 13 types of climate with air pressure and wind zones.

First, according to the direction of the North Indian Ocean current (winter and summer), it can be judged that the season shown is the summer of the Northern Hemisphere, and the dotted line in the figure shows the cold Somali current formed by the action of the southwest wind (offshore wind). The next question is to determine the type of climate in the eastern part of the Somali Peninsula and its causes.

1. If the eastern part of the Somali Peninsula has a savannah climate, this season should be a wet season. The cause is probably the prevailing updraft under the control of the northward-moving equatorial depression belt. The answer is a.

2. If you think that the eastern part of the Somali Peninsula has a tropical desert climate, then its climate is characterized by hot and dry all year round, c is obviously wrong to be affected by the northeast trade winds, because the wind direction does not match the direction of the ocean current, and d is affected by the cold current, high temperature and dryness. Barely acceptable.

dIt is very dry due to the southwesterly wind deflected to the right by the southeast trade winds across the equator, coupled with the cooling and dehumidification effect of the cold current along the coast; And because it is located in the tropics, it is hot. A tropical desert climate was formed.

According to the southeast trade winds (southern hemisphere) and the warm current of the south equator, you can judge the season, and according to the latitude and longitude, you can judge that this place is the Arabian Sea, and then you should know it.

As can be seen from the direction of the ocean currents, the season is summer in the Northern Hemisphere. In summer, the pressure and wind belts move northward, and are affected by the equatorial depression, which is the wet season. In terms of latitude, it is tropical. So choose A.

Option B, the ocean current shown by the diagram is the summer current of the North Indian Ocean, which is the east coast north of the equator in Africa, which is a savannah climate zone, and the summer should be under the influence of the southwest monsoon, and it will be rainy in the wet season, and the temperature will be low under the influence of the cold current along the coast

d According to the direction of the currents, the season is summer in the Northern Hemisphere and the southwest monsoon prevails in South Asia, so the currents of the Northern Indian Ocean region flow eastward. The Somali Current is a monsoon current. In summer, when the surface water is driven by the strong southwest monsoon, the warm surface water flows away, and colder water rises from the adjacent deep basin to compensate for the surface water, reducing the water temperature by 2 3 degrees, which becomes a cold snap.

In addition, the direct solar point moved north to near the Tropic of Capricorn, and the solar radiation increased, and the temperature was high and dry.

To put it simply, more rain and less rain are expressed in terms of precipitation, and humidity and dryness are expressed in terms of the dryness and humidity of air temperature. The friends above the demarcation line have answered, and it is not cumbersome. (*Hee-hee.......)

Generally speaking, if the rainfall is less than 400mm, it is called low rainfall. Rainfall greater than 800mm is considered a rainy area, which is a relative concept. Wetness or dryness is a comprehensive concept that is described in conjunction with temperature and rainfall.

For example, dry refers to periods of low rainfall and high temperatures. There are generally words to describe the climate, mild with little rain, humid and rainy, and so on. It would be better to distinguish these concepts in the context of specific locations.

<200mm is dry and rainless; semi-arid between 200-400 mm and semi-humid 400 mm to 800 mm; >800mm is humid and rainy.

These words are used in conjunction and do not appear alone.

How clear and clear

Hello, you can go to some materials to summarize some knowledge points or ask your teacher for it.