The connection and difference between positivism and phenomenology

The dialectic of connection and distinction is a false thing that cannot be learned from Western philosophy.

It can only be appearances. We should stick to the hierarchical analysis we hold, not a hodgepodge, where the self and self-knowledge are limited to our own learning. Concentrate on learning, reflecting a level of personal ability.

Positivism is a set of rules or evaluation criteria for human epistemic activity that tell us what is within the realm of knowledge in a statement about the world, and provides us with criteria that we can use to distinguish between those who are transferable and those who are not able to ask questions reasonably. Positivism, then, is a normative attitude about how we use terms such as knowledge science to understand information. Similarly, the principles of positivism distinguish between philosophical and scientific debates between those that are worthy of in-depth exploration and those that are impossible to solve or that are not worth considering.

Phenomenology (literally, theories about phenomena) is a philosophical school that attempts to describe events and actions as they appear. It criticizes the everyday objects that we use only as described by the natural sciences: the pencil I now use to write is described in this context as what it is.

Phenomenology refutes the idea that the pencil is nothing more than a collective shield of atoms.

I think that Western philosophy is a philosophical response to the new achievements of science and new logic, representing a response of different levels and different structures, while at the same time defending the philosophy of one's own more recently.

Positivism: Speak with evidence.

Phenomenology: Speaking with perception. Complete.

1. The characteristics are differentPositivism. It is a theoretical perspective that assumes that people actively interpret their experiences by giving meaning to what they see.

Post-positivism, also known as logical positivism, was developed in Wittgenstein in the twenties of the twentieth century.

and Russell's logical atomism, which had a certain influence on Western thought, especially the natural sciences, from the 30s to the 50s.

2. Different classificationsPositivism is a theory that attempts to find meaning in actions and texts from ancient texts to adolescent behavior. The process by which the theoretical understanding of this school of thought takes place, makes a distinction between understanding and scientific explanation. The purpose of interpretation is not to discover the laws that govern the occurrence of events, but to reveal the ways in which people actually understand their experiences.

At its core is post-positivism, the Vienna School, also known as empiricism.

Or positivism, post-positivism, neo-positivism.

The main content of positivism can be explained from the following aspects.

The first is the purpose of scientific research. Positivism asserts that the purpose of scientific research is to discover the laws of nature so that people can control the physical and social environment for events. Scientific knowledge is used to serve human beings, such as improving interpersonal relationships, creating new ways of working, the impact of new things on society, and so on.

For example, one can systematically promote the various factors of student learning (class size, teaching format, teacher quality, etc.), use theory to guide research, obtain data from practice to verify theory, and then guide practice. Positivists believe that scientific exploration never ends.

The second is the nature of social reality. Positivism believes that social reality is stable and orderly, and there are patterns and laws in the first place. These patterns and patterns are yet to be discovered.

Discovering laws and laws from social phenomena is like discovering the New World of America. If this assumption is not acknowledged, and that social reality is chaotic and irregular, then it is impossible to achieve ** and control.

The general pattern and general law of social development do not change over time. Although they are not yet fully understood, scientists are studying all aspects of social reality one by one, gradually understanding them, and eventually forming a holistic picture of relevant knowledge.

The third is about human nature. Positivism holds that people are driven by self-interest and pursue pleasure, but are rational; Man is swayed by external forces, and the same external cause has the same effect on all people. The proper way to understand people is by looking at their external behavior, not by figuring out their inner world.

This view of people as crops is no different from behaviorist thinking.

1. Positivism is a trend of thought that emerged in the modern West under the impetus of the development of natural science.

2. Any philosophical idea that requires that any science must take sensible facts as its starting point, and that the task of knowledge is to describe these perceptible facts and their laws, can be called positivist philosophy.

3. One of the centers of this philosophical thought is to explain universal laws on the basis of empirical facts that can be felt and envied, and it contains the idea of the pursuit of regularity. This kind of empiricism and symbolic logic fused together to form logical empiricism, which later became popular in the West and had a great influence, starting from the natural sciences, and gradually expanding to the humanities, and later behaviorism and operationalism also came from this source.