What are the propositions of the main representatives of Confucianism in the Spring and Autumn Perio

Spring and Autumn Period To be honest, Confucianism did not appear too much people's livelihood and harmonious society, and it was Mencius --- that proposed "benevolent government" (while Xunzi proposed "materialism") on behalf of Confucianism during the Warring States Period

Mencius developed and inherited the "rule of etiquette" and "virtue and government" of Lao Kong, and put forward the view of "royal road" and "benevolent government" - the people are precious, the community is secondary, and the monarch is light. Laomeng believes: "If you are a benevolent ruler and a king, you will be able to control it."

In other words, no one can stop the unification of the world with "benevolent government". He believed that to implement "benevolent government," we must first win the "hearts and minds of the people," and that rulers should treat the people with "benevolence." He also offered to focus on the population, he said

The people are precious, the community is secondary, and the monarch is light". At the same time, however, he emphasized the immutability of the status of the ruler and the ruled, saying: "Those who work hard govern people, and those who work hard govern people; Those who govern eat people, and those who govern eat people, and the general meaning of the world is also".

From the doctrine, Lao Meng is a person who really proposes a harmonious livelihood and advocates governing the country with virtue, and virtue and benevolence are the two foundations of our harmonious society.

Before Confucianism, the aristocracy and freedmen in ancient society received the traditional socialization education of the six virtues (wisdom, faith, sanctity, benevolence, righteousness, and loyalty), the six elements (filial piety, friendship, harmony, marriage, ren, and compassion), and the six arts (etiquette, music, archery, royalty, calligraphy, and mathematics) through "teachers" and "Confucianism". From the point of view of the content of teaching, social education in ancient China was completely based on the cultural elements such as values, habits, conventions, behavioral norms and norms formed by the Chinese people in a specific living environment for a long time. Confucianism absorbed these cultural elements in their entirety and rose to the level of systematic theory.

"Meng's Confucianism" is represented by Mencius. Mencius was the main representative of Confucianism in the middle of the Warring States period, and he developed Confucius's idea of "benevolence", put forward the theory of "human nature is inherently good", as well as the political ideals of "benevolent government" and "royal way", and the people-oriented idea of "the people are noble and the king is light" (see Mencius in this book). Mencius Zeng Ziyun:

Yu Wei is also a disciple of Confucius, and he is also a private lady" ("Mencius: Lilouxia"), Sima Qian said in "Historical Records: The Biography of Mencius Xunqing" that he was "employed by Zisimen". Xunzi said in "Non-Twelve Sons" that "Zi Si sings, Meng Ke and Zhi", then "Meng's Confucianism" should be in the same series as "Zi Si's Confucianism".

Confucius. The reason why Confucianism was founded was with the Spring and Autumn Period.

The social changes and the cultural traditions of the Lu country are closely related.

1) In the late Spring and Autumn period, with the development of the productive forces, the relations of production.

As a result, the original "public land" was gradually transformed into "private land", and slavery began to disintegrate.

2) Politically, the wars for hegemony in which the princes annexed land became more and more frequent, the power of the slave owners and aristocrats was greatly weakened, and the new feudal forces were rising day by day.

3) In terms of ideology and culture, the situation of "learning in the government" has been gradually broken.

4) Confucianism was born in the state of Lu, which is related to the specific cultural environment of the country. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Lu State still retained the most Zhou cultural traditions in culture, so that by the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, it still enjoyed the reputation of "Zhou Rites are all in Lu". It provided the conditions for him to establish an early Confucian ideological system.

5) Confucius put the Western Zhou.

Since then, the cultural ideas of slave owners and aristocrats have been transformed into Confucianism with "benevolence" as the core of social politics, ethics and morality, and cultural education, thus founding the Confucian school.

The Confucian representatives of the Qin period and their ideological works are known as the Naba primitive Confucian Fiber Eggplant Pure Family. （）

a.That's right. b.Mistake.

Correct Answer: a

a The benevolent love others, and the people are noble and gentle.

1. "The benevolent love others, and the people are noble and the monarch is light" was proposed by Mencius, who was one of the most important representatives of Confucianism during the Warring States Period and was called by later generations"Ya Sheng"。

2. The benevolent love is a sentence in Mencius's "The Benevolent Loves People". A benevolent person is a person who is full of love and affection; A benevolent person is a person with great wisdom, charisma, and kindness.

3. The people, nobles, and gentlemen are the social and political ideas put forward by Mencius. It means that from the standpoint of the country under heaven, the people are the foundation and the foundation, and the people are more important than the king. "The people are noble and the monarch is light" is the core of Mencius's theory of benevolence, which has the color of people-oriented and has a great influence on later Chinese thinkers.

Analysis of test questions A: Confucius's proposition of "benevolence loves others", Mencius advocated that Confucius and Mencius are the representative figures of Confucianism, so A is the correct answer. "Blessing and misfortune rely on each other" believes that blessing and misfortune can be transformed into each other, which is a manifestation of Lao Tzu's simple dialectics, which is Taoist thought, b wrong.

Love, non-aggression, virtuousness, and frugality" are all Mohist ideological propositions, c excluded. "Taking the law as a teaching" is a Legalist ideology, d excluded.

Mencius inherited Confucius's ideas on benevolence and virtue and politics, and developed it into the doctrine of benevolence. Philosophically, Mencius inherited Confucius's view of the mandate of heaven. However, the personality and divine elements of heaven are eliminated, and the heavens are endowed with moral attributes.

He paid attention to the problems of human nature, advocated the goodness of nature, and believed that benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom were rooted in sexuality; The highest ideal of life is to achieve the knowledge of heaven through dedication and knowledge, that is, to achieve the realm of heaven and man where all things are prepared for me.

Xunzi inherited the aspect of Confucius's thought of valuing personnel and not valuing ghosts and gods, emphasizing the distinction between heaven and man, and putting forward the view of "controlling the mandate of heaven and using it". He put forward the theory of sexual evil, emphasizing the importance of processing and transforming human nature. Xunzi criticized Taoism, Moism, Legalism, and famous schools, as well as various schools within Confucianism.

Meng and Xun were representatives of the pre-Qin school of Confucianism, and they each developed Confucius thought from the aspects of idealism and materialism. In addition to Meng and Xun, there were also some Confucian scholars in the Warring States period, who interpreted the "Zhou Yi" and wrote the "Yi Chuan". Yi Chuan believes that all things in the universe are in an eternal process of birth and death, and the basis of change lies in the interaction of yin and yang, rigidity and softness in the universe.

Due to the development of Meng, Xun, the author of Yi Chuan and other school representatives, Confucianism became one of the pre-Qin Xianxue.