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The basic structure of a diesel generator is composed of a diesel engine and a generator, and the diesel engine is used as a power to drive the generator to generate electricity.

Let's talk about the basic structure of the diesel engine first: it is composed of cylinders, pistons, cylinder heads, intake valves, exhaust valves, piston pins, connecting rods, crankshafts, bearings and flywheels and other components. The diesel engine of the diesel generator is generally a single-cylinder or multi-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine, and I will only talk about the basic working principle of the single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine

Diesel engine starting is to rotate the diesel engine crankshaft by manpower or other power, so that the piston reciprocates up and down in the cylinder closed at the top. The piston completes four strokes in motion: intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion and work (expansion) stroke, and exhaust stroke.

When the piston moves from top to bottom, the intake valve opens, and the fresh air filtered by the air filter enters the cylinder to complete the intake stroke. The piston moves from bottom to top, the intake and exhaust valves are closed, the air is compressed, and the temperature and pressure are increased to complete the compression process. When the piston is about to reach the apex, the injector sprays the filtered fuel into the combustion chamber in the form of a mist and mixes it with the air of high temperature and high pressure to ignite and burn it immediately, and the high pressure formed pushes the piston to work downward, drives the crankshaft to rotate, and completes the work stroke.

After the work stroke is finished, the piston moves from the bottom to the top, and the exhaust valve opens to exhaust the exhaust to complete the exhaust stroke. Each stroke crankshaft rotates half a turn. After several duty cycles, the diesel engine gradually accelerates into work under the inertia of the flywheel.

The rotation of the crankshaft of the diesel engine drives the generator to rotate to generate electricity, and the generator has a DC generator and an alternator.

DC generators are mainly composed of generator shells, pole cores, magnetic field coils, armatures and carbon brushes. Working power generation principle: when the diesel engine drives the generator armature to rotate, due to the remanence of the magnetic pole core of the generator, the armature coil cuts the magnetic field lines in the magnetic field, and according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the current is generated by the magnetic induction and the current is output through the carbon brush.

The alternator is mainly made of magnetic materials, with a permanent magnet (called a rotor) arranged alternately with multiple north and south poles, and an armature coil (called a stator) made of silicon cast iron and wound with multiple sets of series coils. Working power generation principle: the rotor is driven by the diesel engine to cut the magnetic field lines axially, the alternating magnetic field is formed in the core of the alternating magnetic pole circle in the stator, the rotor rotates once, the direction and magnitude of the magnetic flux change many times, due to the transformation of the magnetic field, the induced current of the size and direction of the change will be generated in the circle and the current is transmitted by the stator coil.

In order to protect the electrical equipment and maintain its normal operation, the current emitted by the generator also needs to be regulated and controlled by a regulator.

Adjust the speed and try it slowly.

Diesel generators emit black smoke, diesel is a complex hydrocarbon, and the unburned diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber is decomposed by high temperature to form carbon black. When exhausting, it is discharged along with the exhaust gas, forming black smoke. Black smoke is a manifestation of incomplete fuel combustion in the combustion chamber.

The main influencing factors are as follows: 1. Wear of piston rings and cylinder liners. After the piston ring and cylinder liner are worn, the compression pressure is insufficient, so that the normal proportion of the mixture gas mixture changes at the end of the compression stroke of the cylinder, so that the fuel burns under oxygen-free conditions and produces carbon deposits.

Second, the shape of the combustion chamber changes, the manufacturing quality of the shape of the combustion chamber does not meet the technical requirements, the compression gap is too large and too small and the piston position is wrong, which will change the shape of the combustion chamber, thereby affecting the mixed quality of fuel and air, and making the fuel combustion conditions worse.

3. The injector works poorly, and the injector does not atomize or drip oil, so that the fuel can not be fully mixed with the air in the cylinder, nor can it be fully combusted. The phenomenon of black smoke exhaust caused by poor injector operation is more obvious when small diesel generators are running at low speed. Because the intake vortex in the cylinder is weaker when running at low speeds, the possibility of oil droplets or oil bundles being washed away by the air flow is reduced and the residence time is longer, which makes it easier to form carbon black discharge.

Fourth, the oil supply is too large, so that the amount of oil entering the cylinder increases, resulting in more oil and less gas, and incomplete fuel combustion. In addition, excessive workload, poor fuel quality, and low operating temperatures can also cause black smoke from the exhaust.

Fifth, the oil supply angle is not properly adjusted.

1. The oil supply advance angle is too large, and the fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber too early, because the pressure and temperature in the cylinder of the small diesel generator are low at this time, the fuel can not be ignited and burned, when the piston goes up, the cylinder reaches a certain pressure and temperature, and the combustible mixture is combusted.

2. The advance angle of fuel supply is too small, the fuel injected into the cylinder is too late, and a part of the fuel is separated or discharged before it has time to form a combustible mixture, and the fuel discharged with the exhaust gas is decomposed by high temperature, and black smoke is formed.

The above is what is the cause of the black smoke emitted by the generator, please operate according to the manufacturer's instructions to avoid the generator's life loss.