Diesel generator working principle, diesel engine generator working principle

The basic structure of diesel generator set: diesel engine and generator, diesel engine as the power to drive the generator to generate electricity.

Let's talk about the basic structure of the diesel engine first: it is composed of cylinders, pistons, cylinder heads, intake valves, exhaust valves, piston pins, connecting rods, crankshafts, bearings and flywheels and other parts. The diesel engine of the diesel generator set is generally a single-cylinder or multi-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine, and the following is the basic working principle of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine

Diesel engine starting is to rotate the diesel engine crankshaft by manpower or other power, so that the piston reciprocates up and down in the cylinder closed at the top. The piston completes four strokes in motion: intake stroke, compression stroke, combustion and work (expansion) stroke, and exhaust stroke.

When the piston moves from top to bottom, the intake valve opens and the fresh air filtered by the air filter enters the cylinder.

Intake stroke. The piston moves from bottom to top, the intake and exhaust valves are closed, the air is compressed, and the temperature and pressure are increased to complete the compression process. When the piston is about to reach the apex, the injector sprays the filtered fuel into the combustion chamber in the form of a mist and mixes it with the air of high temperature and high pressure to ignite and burn it immediately, and the high pressure formed pushes the piston to work downward, drives the crankshaft to rotate, and completes the work stroke.

After the work stroke is finished, the piston moves from the bottom to the top, and the exhaust valve opens to exhaust the exhaust to complete the exhaust stroke. Each stroke crankshaft rotates half a turn. After several duty cycles, the diesel engine gradually accelerates into work under the inertia of the flywheel.

You can see the figure above) The rotation of the diesel engine, which will drive the generator to rotate.

DC Generator:

DC generators are mainly composed of generator shells, pole cores, magnetic field coils, armatures and carbon brushes. Working power generation principle: when the diesel engine drives the generator armature to rotate, due to the remanence of the magnetic pole core of the generator, the armature coil cuts the magnetic field lines in the magnetic field, and according to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the current is generated by the magnetic induction and the current is output through the carbon brush.

Brushless generators do not have carbon brushes).

Alternator:

The alternator is mainly made of magnetic materials, with a permanent magnet (called a rotor) arranged alternately with multiple north and south poles, and an armature coil (called a stator) made of silicon cast iron and wound with multiple sets of series coils. Working power generation principle: the rotor is driven by the diesel engine to cut the magnetic field lines axially, the alternating magnetic field is formed in the core of the magnetic pole circle alternately arranged in the stator, the rotor rotates once, the direction and size of the magnetic flux are changed many times, due to the transformation of the magnetic field, the induced current in the circle will be generated in the size and direction of the change and the current is supplemented by the stator coil

Diesel generator set refers to the power machinery that uses diesel fuel and diesel engine as the prime mover to drive the generator to generate electricity. Diesel fuel.

The machine converts the heat energy released by diesel combustion into kinetic energy, and the generator converts the kinetic energy into electrical energy! However, some of the energy is lost during each conversion! The converted energy is always just burned out.

A fraction of the total energy, the percentage of which is called the thermal efficiency of the diesel engine.

Diesel generator set of Yizhong Power Station).

The principle of diesel generator set is simply that the diesel engine drives the generator to run for a long time.

In the cylinder, the clean air filtered by the air filter is fully mixed with the high-pressure atomized diesel fuel sprayed by the fuel injector, and under the extrusion of the piston upward, the volume is reduced, and the temperature rises rapidly to reach the ignition point of the diesel. The diesel fuel is ignited, the gas mixture burns violently, and the volume expands rapidly, pushing the piston downward, which is called 'work'. Each cylinder works in a certain order, and the thrust acting or cautioning on the piston becomes the force that pushes the crankshaft to rotate through the connecting rod, thereby driving the crankshaft to rotate.

The brushless synchronous alternator is coaxially installed with the crankshaft of the diesel engine, and the rotor of the generator can be driven by the rotation of the diesel engine.

Here is only a description of the very basic working principle of diesel generator set. A range of diesel engine and generator controls, protection devices and circuits are also required for a usable, stable power output.