What are the metrics that describe CPU? The more detailed, the better!!

Frequency, cache, manufacturing process, power,

CPU resilience indicators: frequency, cache capacity and performance, operating voltage, bus mode, manufacturing, and superscalar.

The performance of the CPU roughly reflects the performance of the microcomputer it is configured with, so the performance indicators of the CPU are very important. CPU performance is mainly determined by its clock speed and work efficiency. The number of transistors inside the CPU, although it has grown from more than 2,200 at the beginning to billions today, has increased millions of times, but the internal structure of the CPU can still be divided into three parts: control unit, logic unit and storage unit.

CPU performance metrics refer to the performance metrics that affect the running speed of the CPU.

The performance of a computer is largely determined by the performance of the CPU, which is mainly reflected in the speed at which it runs programs. Performance metrics that affect the running speed include parameters such as the working frequency of the CPU, cache capacity, instruction system, and logical structure.

Processing data means performing arithmetic and logical operations on the data, or other information processing. Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions and process data in computer software, and to execute instructions. In microcomputers, also known as microprocessors, all operations of the computer are controlled by the CPU, and the performance indicators of the CPU directly determine the performance indicators of the microcomputer system.

The CPU has the following 4 basic functions: data communication, resource sharing, distributed processing, and providing system reliability. The principle of operation can be basically divided into four stages: extraction, decoding, execution, and writeback.

The main performance indicators of the CPU are as follows:

1. Sequence control: This refers to the order of execution of instructions in the control program. There is a strict order between the instructions in the program, and it must be executed strictly in the order specified in the program to ensure the correctness of the computer work.

2. Operation control: The function of the instruction is often realized by the components in the computer to perform a series of operations. According to the function of the instruction, the CPU should generate the corresponding operation control signal and send it to the corresponding components, so as to control these components to act according to the requirements of the instruction.

3. Timing and inter-travel control: Time control is the implementation of time timing for various operations. In the execution of an order, what to do when and when you are stuck should be strictly controlled. Only then will the computer be able to work automatically and methodically.

4. Data processing: that is, arithmetic and logical operations on data, or other information processing.

Categories: Computer, Networking, >> Hardware.

Analysis: CPU is the core of the entire microcomputer system, it is often synonymous with various grades of microcomputer, CPU performance roughly reflects the performance of microcomputer, so its performance indicators are very important.

CPU is the core of the entire microcomputer system, it is often synonymous with various grades of microcomputer, the performance of CPU roughly reflects the performance of microcomputer, so its performance index is very important. The main performance indicators of the CPU are:

1) The main frequency is the CPU clock speed. Generally speaking, the higher the frequency, the faster the CPU. Due to the different internal structures, not all CPUs with the same clock frequency perform the same.

2) Memory-bus speed refers to the communication speed between the CPU and L2 cache and memory.

3) Expansion-bus speed refers to the working speed of the local bus installed on the microcomputer system, such as VESA or PCI bus interface card.

4) Supply voltage refers to the voltage required for the CPU to work properly. In the early days, the working voltage of the CPU was generally 5V, and with the increase of the CPU frequency, the CPU working voltage had a gradual downward trend to solve the problem of excessive heating.

5) The address bus width determines the physical address space that the CPU can access, for microcomputer systems above 486, the width of the address line is 32 bits, and the maximum physical space that can be directly accessed is 4096 MB.

6) The width of the data bus determines the amount of information transmitted at one time between the CPU and the L2 cache, memory, and input and output devices.

7) Built-in coprocessor contains a CPU with built-in coprocessor, which can speed up certain types of numerical calculations, and some software systems that need to perform complex calculations, such as higher versions of Auto CAD, need coprocessor support.

8) A superscalar is when the CPU can execute more than one instruction in a clock cycle. CPUs above Pentium level have a superscalar structure; CPUs below 486 belong to a low-scalar structure, that is, it takes at least one or more clock cycles to execute an instruction in this type of CPU.

9) L1 cache is the L1 cache. The built-in cache can improve the efficiency of the CPU, which is why the 486DLC is faster than the 386DX-40. The capacity and structure of the built-in L1 cache has a significant impact on CPU performance, which is why some companies strive to increase the capacity of L1 cache memory.

However, the cache memory is composed of static RAM, and the structure is complex, and the capacity of the L1 cache cannot be too large when the CPU die area is not too large.

10) The cache with a write-back structure is valid for both read and write operations, and the speed is fast. Caches with a write-through structure are only valid for read operations.

1. CPU frequency is the clock frequency of the CPU, which is simply the abbreviation of the working frequency of the CPU (the number of synchronous pulses that occur in 1 second) during CPU operation. The unit is Hz. It determines how fast the computer can run.

2. The cache capacity provides a data buffer, which first stores the read data and then transmits it at one time. Address the speed matching gap with other devices. A temporary storage point for data while it is being processed.

3. Bus is a common communication trunk line that transmits information between various functional parts of the computer, it is a transmission harness composed of wires, according to the type of information transmitted by the computer, the computer bus can be divided into data bus, address bus and control bus, which are used to transmit data, data address and control signal respectively.

4. Superscalar CPU architecture refers to a type of parallel operation that implements instruction-level parallel in a processor core. This technology can achieve a higher CPU throughput rate at the same CPU frequency.

5. The working voltage of the CPU (Supply Voltage) is the voltage required for the normal operation of the CPU. Any electrical appliance needs electricity when it is working, and naturally there is a corresponding rated voltage, and the CPU is no exception. There is a very clear downward trend in the operating voltage of the CPU.

What is CPU?

The CPU is in English "Central."

processing

The abbreviation of "unit", the CPU is generally composed of a logical operation unit, a control unit and a storage unit. In the logical operation and control unit includes some registers, these registers are used for the temporary storage of data in the process of processing data in the CPU, in fact, when we buy the CPU, we do not need to know its structure, as long as we know its performance.

The main performance indicators of the CPU are:

The main frequency is the clock frequency of the CPU (CPU

clockspeed)。This is what we are most concerned about, what we mean by etc., generally speaking, the higher the frequency, the faster the speed of the CPU, and the higher the whole machine.

The clock frequency is the external clock frequency of the CPU, which is provided by the computer motherboard, which used to be generally 66MHz, and there are also motherboards that support 75 each 83MHz, and the latest chipset BX of Intel uses a clock frequency of 100MHz. In addition, some non-Intel chipsets such as MVP3 and MVP4 of VIA have also begun to support 100MHz external frequency. Elite BX motherboards can even support a 133MHz external frequency, which is a top choice for overclockers.

Internal cache (l1

Cache): The cache enclosed inside the CPU chip, used to temporarily store part of the instructions and data during CPU operation, the access speed is consistent with the CPU frequency, the capacity unit of L1 cache is generally the larger the cache, the less the CPU works and the L2 cache with slower access speed and the memory The fewer times the data is exchanged, and the computing speed of the computer can be improved.

External cache (l2

Cache): Cache outside the CPU, Pentium

The Pro processor's L2 and CPU run at the same frequency, but the cost is expensive, so Pentium

The II runs at half the CPU frequency and has a capacity of 512K. In order to reduce costs, Inter has produced a CPU without L2 called Celeron, which also has good performance and is ideal for overclocking.

MMX technology is an abbreviation for "Multi-Extended Instruction Set". MMX was launched by Intel in 1996 for the enhancement of the Pentium

New technologies adopted by CPUs for audio-visual, graphics, and communication applications. Add 57 MMX instructions to the CPU, in addition to adding MMX instructions to the instruction set, the L1 cache in the CPU chip is increased from the original 16KB to 32KB (16K command + 16K data), so MMX

Compared with ordinary CPUs, the ability of the CPU to process more than 10 more than ordinary CPUs when running programs containing MMX instructions is about 60%. At present, CPUs basically have MMX technology, except for P55C and Pentium

CPUs also have K6 and K6

3D, MII, etc.