Briefly describe the meaning of penmanship in calligraphy

Now the exam requires theoretical knowledge......I'm not going to make one up for you.

Penmanship: The method of writing with a brush includes writing posture, holding the pen, moving the pen (moving the pen also includes the starting pen, the line of the pen, the closing of the pen, the turn, the hook, the pick, etc.).

I'm thinking about "gestures" and "gestures", and I'm probably making it up, not the answers in the theory books above, ......

Calligraphy. The so-called brushwork, the method of writing and painting with a brush, that is, the unique method of using lines in Chinese painting. Chinese calligraphy and painting are mainly expressed in lines, and the tools used are sharp brushes, so that the lines and dots of calligraphy and painting are full of changes, we must first pay attention to the brush, and grasp the weight, speed and slowness, and bias when moving the brush.

Methods such as straightening are called "penmanship". Tang Zhanghuai said "Yutang Forbidden Scriptures with Brushes" cloud: Dafan brushwork, dot painting eight bodies, prepared in the word "Yong".

Therefore, Yuan Zhao Mengfu said in "Lanting Ba": "The word cover is passed down from time to time, and it is not easy to use a pen for eternity." ”

If we say that "calligraphy and painting have the same origin", it mainly means that calligraphy and Chinese painting are the same in terms of the aesthetic requirements of using lines. They come from the use of the same tool, the brush, from the same aesthetic psychology and aesthetic understanding. To write is to draw, and to draw is to write.

The depth and breadth of the "kung fu" in Chinese painting have a very high aesthetic style and taste. The changes in the use of the pen are colorful, due to the different times, the characteristics of the pen are also changing, coupled with the preferences of each person, the difference in temperament, resulting in the difference in the change of the pen. However, no matter how the brush changes and how there are differences, the "four elements" of the brush summed up by the modern painter Huang Binhong are still worthy of our serious experience.

This is "to draw sand with a pen, like a cone; The pen must be round, such as folding hairpin strands, such as the softness of gold; The pen must be left, such as the leakage mark of the house; The pen must be heavy, like a falling stone in a high mountain". You can carefully understand the truth in sketching, and you can also expand the extension of the spirit of using the pen.

Commonly used penmanship. Center: The center is the tapered brush tip in the running process of the brush, always in the center of the pen.

The use of the brush in the center is the primary feature of the brush method of Chinese painting. Its characteristics are: full of pen power and rich connotation.

Soft on the outside and rigid on the inside, extremely expressive. It can be said that the quality of Chinese painting depends largely on the quality of the brush used by the center.

Side: As the name suggests, the side is to tilt the brush, and the center of the brush tip is biased to the side. Its characteristics are:

The pen is rich in variety, with strong pen tension, refreshing and refreshing. The disadvantage is that it is thin and shallow than the pen used by the center. However, the flank is one of the most common methods in figure painting, and it also reflects the aesthetic needs of another state of mind.

Reverse Front: Reverse Front is a method of running the brush in the opposite direction relative to the anterograde direction of the forehand position. The resistance of the pen against the front increases, the pen edge gathers and disperses, and the change of tightness is different from the meaning of the pen.

The purpose is to pursue the change of the pen, which is characterized by the rigidity of the pen and the force through the back of the paper, but the lack of softness. Do not use it frequently, but only in moderation.

Drag front: Drag front is to pour the brush on the paper and drag it. It is characterized by natural conversion, fast and slow. Under the requirements of accurate figure painting, Tuofeng is easier to do than other methods, and the method is practical and simple. The disadvantage is that the pen is relatively floating, and there is no feeling of force penetrating the back of the paper.

Folded hairpin strands and house leakage marks: the method of using the pen pursued according to the phenomena and traces in nature is the variation of the center's pen, thus enriching the performance of the center's pen.

Fei Bai Feng: This brushwork is transformed from the Fei Bai in the calligraphy pen. It is characterized by loose and hairy brushes, which seem to be dragonflies and water, but in fact they are powerful and powerful, masculine and internal, loose and spiritual, and have a feeling of vastness.

Penmanship refers to the method of using a pen when writing.

It includes two aspects, basic penmanship and comprehensive penmanship. Specifically, center, flank, hidden front, open front, paving, wrapping, twisting and other front adjustment methods. These methods are to adjust the pen tip to meet the pen movement and line quality requirements.

There are also brushstrokes such as lifting and pressing, pause, etc., which are methods to mobilize different parts of the brush to achieve a certain effect of using the brush. These basic strokes, or single strokes, are the general principles of using the pen.

Penmanship also refers to the movement of brushwork, which is the comprehensive application of various single strokes. It is a method in which the pen is constantly adjusted with the movement of the pen in the process of starting and closing the pen to achieve a certain ideal artistic effect. Brushwork or comprehensive brushwork is the basic rule of using the pen.

Characteristics of penmanship forms

The characteristics of the form of penmanship are roughly in the middle, on the side, in a circle, in a square fold, in a virtual pen, in a real pen, in the front, in the reverse front, etc. Different people have their own specific characteristics of the same type of penmanship.

The works of the same person, from early age to old age, always have some changes, and some people have even become more powerful; But the works of the same person always have a thread. For example, in someone's early works, there are more delicate brushes like thin gold bodies, but in his later years, there are works such as Chinese paintings splashing ink and extensive; If we carefully examine the different styles of his works in his early and later years, we can also see that although his brushwork has a jumping and restless form, it is not difficult to see the clues when compared from the whole. Therefore, it is most reliable to identify the authenticity of calligraphy according to the characteristics of penmanship.

Calligraphy is a unique form of artistic expression of the beauty of words in China and its neighboring countries and regions that have been deeply influenced by Chinese culture. Including Chinese calligraphy, Mongolian calligraphy, Arabic calligraphy and English calligraphy. Its "Chinese calligraphy" is a traditional art unique to Chinese characters.

Broadly speaking, calligraphy refers to the rules of writing text symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing in accordance with the characteristics of the text and its meaning, with its calligraphy, structure, and chapters, so as to make it an aesthetically pleasing work of art. Chinese calligraphy is the original art of the Han nationality, known as:

Poetry without words, dance without lines; Painting without pictures, music without sound, etc.

Calligraphy is a unique form of expression in traditional Chinese art, and is known as the "treasure of oriental art". Its aesthetic value lies not only in the physical beauty of the Chinese characters themselves, but also in the form and rhythm of each stroke. Therefore, penmanship is a very important aspect of calligraphy.

Each type of calligraphy has its own unique meaning and usage. For example, the "dangling" stroke refers to a stroke that hangs in the air, leaving a small hook. It is often used above or below the writing font to make the font unique and rhythmic.

The "skimming" penmanship is to gently lift the tip of the pen and then draw a stroke to the upper right, which is often used to write the left side of the font. This kind of brushwork not only makes the font more dynamic, but also balances the overall structure of the font.

In addition to being used individually, brushstrokes can also be combined to form complex strokes and structures. For example, the "horizontal fold hook" brushwork is a compound stroke composed of a horizontal fold and a hook. Its form is actually composed of multiple brushstrokes such as "horizontal", "mentioning" and "pinching".

This kind of compound stroke can not only make the font more three-dimensional, but also emphasize the rhythm and rhythm of the font.

In calligraphy, each brushwork embodies the essence and aesthetic concepts of ancient Chinese culture. The use of penmanship requires not only mastery of skills, but also an understanding of the cultural connotations behind them. Therefore, learning calligraphy is not only a technical learning, but also an aesthetic education and cultural inheritance.

In conclusion, the brushwork in calligraphy is one of the core of its aesthetic value. Through the study and understanding of brushwork, you can have a deeper understanding of traditional Chinese culture and draw inspiration from it to create more beautiful works of art.