The effect of minerals on plants, thank you

Minerals have a great impact on plants, plants need about 25 kinds of elements, c h o n p s na mg al b mo ca fe zn and so on, minerals mostly have these elements, they are absorbed by the roots in the soil, transported to different parts of the plant, and act, many plants lack minerals and leaves will turn yellow, For example, if there is no mg, you can't carry out photosynthesis normally, because mg is a necessary element for the synthesis of chlorophyll, etc., if you want to understand more deeply, You can look up every element.

Plant-to-mineral elements.

The active absorption process is achieved by using metabolic energy to absorb against the concentration gradient.

Transporters are required for active absorption.

participation. Transporters are channel proteins and carrier proteins.

Points. Carrier proteins are further divided into unidirectional transport carriers, co-directional transport carriers, and reverse transport carrier ion pumps (proton pumps.

and calcium pumps) transmembrane transport.

The absorption of mineral elements by the root system goes through the following steps:

1. Migration of soil mineral nutrients to the root surface;

2. Ions are adsorbed in the root cell membrane.

Surface; 3. Ions are transported across the membrane into the root cytoplasm.

Inside the root cell).

Extended Materials. 1. Two other methods of absorption of mineral elements by plants:

1. Passive absorption refers to the absorption process carried out by diffusion or other physical processes without consuming metabolic energy. Gas molecules such as O2, CO2, NH3, etc., can cross the lipid bilayer of the membrane and enter the cell in a simple diffusion manner, and the diffusion dynamics are the chemical potentials of these species on both sides of the membrane.

Difference. The ionic passive absorption of the charged charge is carried out along the electrochemical potential gradient, without consuming metabolic energy, and the diffusion or other ions cannot pass through the lipid bilayer of the membrane, and its diffusion requires the assistance of transport proteins, so it is called assisted diffusion.

or facilitated diffusion, where the diffusion dynamics are the electrochemical potential difference between the two sides of the membrane for these ions.

2. Pinocytosis is the process in which the cell transfers the mineral membrane adsorbed on the plasma membrane to the cell. Pinocytosis is non-selective absorption, and macromolecular substances and even viral pinocytosis enter the cell. Pinocytosis acts in plant cells.

It is not very common.

2. Judging whether an element is an essential element for plants is mainly based on the following three criteria:

1. Indispensability If plants lack this element, they cannot carry out normal growth and development, and even cannot complete their life history.

2. Irreplaceability Plants lacking this element will present a unique deficiency, which can only be prevented or recovered after adding the element, and adding any other element can not replace the role of the element.

3. Direct functionality The effect of this element on plant growth and development must be the effect of the direct action of the element, not due to the fact that the element changes the soil or culture medium.

and other conditions.

The external conditions affecting the absorption of mineral elements by roots are mainly the temperature, water content, aeration, soil texture, and characteristics (state, content, solubility and mobility) of the mineral elements themselves. Mineral elements are absorbed by the root system in solution.

Effect of soil pH on root uptake:Plant roots are selective in the absorption of cations and anions in the same salt. When plants are cultured in a solution containing ammonium sulfate, the absorption of ammonium ions by plants is much greater than that of sulfate ions.

Since the root cells must have the same charge to exchange with the same while absorbing the environment. So the increase in the environment, the decrease in pH. Plant physiologists refer to this class of salts that acidify the soil as physiological acidic salts.

It is mainly indirect, such as nitrogen by affecting the formation of photosynthetic organs, phosphorus by affecting the energy transfer in photosynthesis, potassium by affecting the transport of photosynthetic products, magnesium by affecting the synthesis of chlorophyll and so on, and most other elements affect photosynthesis by affecting the activity of enzymes related to photosynthesis.

"The relationship between photosynthesis and mineral elements" is marked in the new course of the 2013 college entrance examination, although it is not included in the textbooks of some provinces. Check it out on this **.

(1) The root system absorbs minerals and absorbs water.

Two processes that are both interrelated and independent of each other.

The correlation is manifested in the following: the salt must be dissolved in water in order to be absorbed by the root system, and enter the apoplast of the root with the water flow, and distribute to all parts of the plant with the water flow; The absorption of minerals reduces the osmotic potential of root cells and promotes the water absorption of plants. Independence from each other is manifested in:

The absorption of minerals is not proportional to the absorption of water; The absorption mechanism of the two is different, the water absorption is mainly based on the passive water absorption caused by transpiration, while the mineral absorption is mainly based on the active absorption of metabolic energy. The distribution direction of the two is different, the water is mainly distributed to the leaves for transpiration, and the mineral is mainly distributed to the growth center at that time.

2) Roots are selective for ion absorption.

Plants absorb different ions or anions in the same solution in different proportions of cations and anions of the same salt, which causes changes in the pH of the external solution.

3) The root system will be poisoned if it absorbs a single salt.

Any plant that is cultured in a single salt solution will soon become abnormal and eventually die. This phenomenon is called single-salt poisoning. Single-salt poisoning can occur in both nutrient and non-nutrient elements, and plants can be harmed when the solution is very thin.

If a small amount of other salts is added to the mono-salt solution, this poisoning phenomenon is removed, which is known as the inter-ion jaw action.

1. Components of cell structure substances, such as N, P, S, etc.; 2. Regulator of plant life activities, participating in enzyme activities; 3. It plays an electrochemical role, that is, the equilibrium of ion concentration. Stabilize colloids and neutralize charges, etc.; 4. Serve as a second messenger for cell signal transduction, such as CA.