Why rice cultivation was the beginning of an ancient civilization

This sentence is not rigorous, it can be said to be the help of the beginning of civilization, rice is the most important staple food for people, only when people are full, can they do other things.

Answer: 7000 years ago, Duan Duan, who lived in Hemudu Village, Yuyao, Zhejiang, was the earliest resident of Hemudu who planted rice in China, so the answer is: Hemudu people.

7,000 years ago, the Hemudu people who lived in Hemudu Village, Yuyao, Zhejiang Province were the earliest residents to grow rice in China.

The earliest primitive inhabitants of rice cultivation in China were the Hemudu people 7,000 years ago.

Hemudu people are ancient humans who lived in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River for more than 7,000 years. They lived a sedentary life, lived in dry stilt houses, carried people and goods in boats and rafts, collected water by floating, used wooden tools such as knives, daggers, hammers, shovels, spears, bowls, tubes, sticks, handles, spinning wheels, and butterfly tools, cultivated artificial rice, raised livestock such as pigs, dogs and buffaloes, and dug wells.

In Hemudu and unearthed the earliest lacquerware in China, the pottery production has a certain level, and the highest firing temperature is estimated to reach 1000 degrees Celsius.

Six or seven thousand years ago, the area of Hemudu is a swamp, when the people of Hemudu build a residence, first lay a 1-meter-long wooden pile, erect a criss-cross keel (ground beam) on the wooden pile, and then lay more than 10 centimeters thick floor on the ground beam, and then stand on the floor, erect beams, lay a whirlpool, and cover the roof. The floor plays the role of moisture-proof, insect and snake resistance. It can be used to raise livestock.

On the floor is the living room.

Judging from the height of the pillars, people are not yet able to enter and exit upright, but they have made great progress compared to nest dwellings. The size of the house and the internal structure depend on the number of residents, from the perspective of residential construction, the Hemudu people have mastered the technology of logging and processing into piles, columns, beams, slabs and other building components, and the beams and columns have been joined with mortise and tenon joints;

The floor is densely assembled with tongue and groove boards, and different mortise and tenon forms are basically in line with the force requirements, which are roughly the same as the late wooden structure, and the wooden components are engraved with decorative patterns such as double circles, straight lines, oblique lines, plant stems and leaves. Due to tool limitations, the processing appears rough.

The site also unearthed 6 wooden oars, 1 is basically complete in appearance, the outline is clear, divided into two parts of oar handle and paddle blade, a log is made, shaped like a long-handled leaf, the handle is engraved with a line combination pattern, light and practical, and the oars of modern pleasure boats are roughly close, it is the oldest one of the oars found in China at present.

1. In the historical records, it is recorded that rice was widely planted in the Yu period, and Xia Benji recorded: Lingyi to the public rice, can be planted with low wetness. After his death, he gave everyone a rare food.

The food is small, and there is a surplus to give to the princes. Dayu ordered Boyi to distribute rice seeds to everyone and plant them in paddy fields, and also ordered Houji (Zhou's ancestors) to distribute food to everyone.

2. The Great Plain of North China and Guanzhong are the original inhabitants of rice cultivation. And the most densely populated place at that time, Jiangnan was very sparsely populated. Although rice is the main crop in the south, the total production is far less than that of millet, the main crop in the north.

The economic situation south of the Yangtze River is far less than that of the Yellow River basin. At that time, the size of the population of each region was closely related to the local grain production.

Rice is cultivated from wild rice and wheat is Middle Eastern.

Large-seeded grass. The ruins of Hemudu 7,000 years ago.

Among the excavations, there are a large number of rice, rice grains, rice roots, and rice stalk accumulations. These rich relics prove that as early as 7,000 years ago, the original inhabitants of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China had completely mastered the cultivation technology of rice and took rice as the main food. The earliest rice cultivation was limited to Hangzhou Bay.

and the Yangtze River Delta.

On the offshore side, it then expanded like a wave to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Jianghuai Plain, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, and finally formed the pattern of today's rice distribution. In short, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its vicinity are the origin centers of cultivated rice in China and the world.

After rice was popularized and planted in China, it soon spread to neighboring countries in East Asia. About 3,000 years ago, at the turn of Yin and Zhou, China's rice spread to North Korea and Japan in the north and Vietnam in the south. During the Han Dynasty, Chinese japonica rice was introduced to the Philippines.

In the 5th century AD, rice spread to Western Asia via Iran and then to Europe via Africa. Newland.

After it was discovered, it spread from Africa to the Americas and the world.

Millet, after peeling, is called millet. It was originally made from wild dogtail grass.

domestication" and become a food crop. This "domestication" work is the first to recommend the Chinese. The cultivation of millet is the first of its kind by the Chinese.

According to the latest archaeological data of Boyu, the earliest artificially cultivated millet found in the world was unearthed at the site of Cishan Mountain in Wu'an, Paiqing, Hebei Province, China, about 7300 years ago. Excavated between 1976 and 1978, there are 88 grain cellars where grain was stored, all of which are millet. This is the earliest physical object unearthed in China and the earliest millet in the world.

This proves that more than 7,000 years ago, millet became the main food for the people in northern China.

In the early days, rice cultivation was mainly "fire cultivation and water rake". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, rice technology developed, and relatively advanced operation techniques such as ploughing, transplanting, and harvesting have appeared in the south. After the Tang Dynasty, the labor efficiency and cultivated quality of the southern paddy fields were improved due to the use of the curved plow, and under the influence of the tillage-harrow-harrow preparation technology in the northern dryland, a set of tillage-harrow-harrow preparation technology suitable for paddy fields was gradually formed.

By the Southern Song Dynasty, the "Chen Yang Agricultural Book" had put forward specific standards and operating methods for early rice fields, late rice fields, low-humid and cold fields in mountainous areas, and plain rice fields, and the technology of land preparation was further improved.

In the early days, rice was live. Rice transplanting began around the Han Dynasty, when it was mainly to alleviate grass damage. Later, with the development of rice cultivation in the south, transplanting was mainly aimed at increasing multiple cropping and overcoming seasonal contradictions.

Transplanting requires seedling raising. "Chen Yang's Book of Agriculture" put forward three measures for cultivating strong seedlings: "planting at the right time", "choosing the right land" and "using manure reasonably", that is, sowing should be timely, the seedling field should be selected properly, and the fertilization should be reasonable.

After the Song Dynasty, the agricultural books of the past dynasties described in further detail various seedling techniques, including soaking and germination, seedling age control, fertilizer and water management, and transplanting density. The use of rice horses (see figure) played a certain role in reducing the physical exertion and improving efficiency when pulling seedlings, and the use of "rice bombs" and "rice ropes" was also invented to ensure that the rice transplanting was neat and qualified.

The discussion on fertilization in paddy fields was first published in Chen Yang's Book of Nong. Among them, the arguments that soil fertility can always be renewed, the use of manure as medicine, and the need to fertilize according to soil conditions [1] are still instructive. In the relationship between rice application of basal fertilizer and top dressing, the agricultural books of all dynasties have focused on base fertilizer, because top dressing is the most difficult to master.

However, the long-term practical experience made the ancient farmers gradually create the technology of topdressing the seedling color, which is described in detail in the "Shen's Agricultural Book" at the end of the Ming Dynasty.

The development of rice in China is also closely related to the construction of farmland and water conservancy. The Pichi rice field model unearthed from the Han tomb in Shaanxi Province has sluice gates, water outlets, cross-shaped ridges, etc., which vividly reflect the layout of rice field water sources and irrigation at that time. In terms of rice irrigation technology, as early as the Western Han Dynasty, it has been mentioned in the "Book of Victory" that the temperature of irrigation water should be adjusted by the method of direct or wrong inlet and outlet.

The Northern Wei Dynasty's "Qi Min Yaoshu" mentioned for the first time the role of rice field drainage and dry fields to prevent lodging, promote hair roots and nutrient absorption, which was the abuse of the "roasting field" technology in later generations. Southern Song Dynasty Building? He has made "Cultivation and Weaving Map", including 21 cultivation maps, including the whole process of rice cultivation from land preparation, soaking, germination, seedling raising, transplanting, raking, fertilization, irrigation and other links until harvesting, threshing, drying and warehousing, which is a vivid portrayal of ancient Chinese rice cultivation technology.