What are the common teratogenic factors and what are the common teratogenic drugs?

Radiation, drugs, malnutrition, genetics, and so many more, are generally unnatural.

Pharmaceutical preparations are an important cause of congenital malformations, because teratogenic drugs are generally transmitted directly to the fetus through the mother's placenta, and in the first three months of a woman's pregnancy, the fetus is most susceptible to the effects of drugs, and if the drug is taken, there will be accumulation in the mother's body, which will have an impact on the development of the fetus.

Pregnant women must go to the prenatal examination regularly during pregnancy, because the country has done a lot of efforts for the policy of eugenics, and many prenatal examinations are free, so pregnant women can go to NT in the first trimester, which is to prevent the child from Down syndrome, in the second trimester I must do four-dimensional color ultrasound, because this can directly determine whether the child has congenital malformations of the examination, some pregnant women take medicine without knowing that they are pregnant, and they must go to the examination on time after pregnancy, To prevent fetal malformations, if there is an abnormality in the fetus, it must be solved in time, such as ending the pregnancy through surgery.

The critical period of embryonic development is the second to 8th week after the embryo is formed, that is, 29 days of pregnancy, to 70 days of pregnancy, this period is an important period for the formation of fetal organs, and it is also a critical period for fetal malformations, so the pregnant mother takes teratogenic drugs during this period, which will greatly increase the risk of fetal teratogenicity, at this time we must go to the hospital for examination to see if the fetus is healthy, if unfortunately the fetus has malformations, it should be treated as soon as possible.

All in all, a lot of drugs will cause congenital malformations of the baby, especially in the early trimester of taking drugs to the fetus is not often big, so the pregnancy can never be indiscriminately medused, usually pregnant mothers should relax their minds, maintain a good work and rest, usually eat some fruits and vegetables appropriately, do some simple exercises, can promote the development of fetal bones and intelligence.

This is because if you take drugs regularly, it will affect the physical fitness of pregnant women, and will affect the normal development and development of the child.

Some drugs are very toxic. Some drugs can harm the child's body and destroy the child's remorseful genes. It will affect the child's brain, and it will also affect the child's nerves, which greatly increases the probability of deformity.

Most drugs can cross the placenta and reach the fetus, affecting the fetus. The younger the gestational age, the greater the harm. Drugs that are clearly harmful to embryos and fetuses are:

1) Antibiotics, such as tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, can lead to stunted cartilage development, brown-yellow teeth, small limb deformities, etc., and can also cause acute fatty liver in pregnant women; Chloramphenicol has the effect of bone marrow inhibition and neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage; Streptomycin, gentamicin, and kanamycin can cause congenital deafness and kidney damage; Erythromycin can damage the fetal liver; Sulfonamides, especially long-acting sulfonamides, can cause teratosis and so on; (2) Sex hormones, such as progesterone and androgens, can masculinize the female fetus; A large amount of estrogen can cause various visceral malformations such as hydrocephalus and meningocele in the fetus; (3) Various anti-cancer drugs can cause fetal malformations and even death; (4) Others, such as the cessation of reaction, can cause the fetus to have mutilated limbs, or even only a body without limbs, which is called "seal fetus"; Aspirin, adrenal glucocorticoids, phenytoin, quinine, D860, methimazole, vitamin A, vitamin D, etc., all have teratogenic effects. In order to prevent and reduce the adverse effects of drugs on the fetus, patients with chronic diseases should try to get pregnant as much as possible, and if pregnant women are sick, they should be cautious about using drugs.

Answers: a, b, c, d

Biological teratogenic factors, teratogenic factors, teratogenic drugs, long-term alcoholism, and smoking can all lead to fetal malformations.

Teratogenic factors are also called teratogenic factors. Refers to external factors that damage the developing embryo or fetus.

Teratogenic factors include maternal disease, blood disorders, diet, radiation, various medications, hormones, temperature, and amount of oxygen. In addition, there are maternal characteristics such as age, emotional state, and the number of children born to the mother all affect the development of the fetus.

Teratogens

Virus. Drugs (narcotics).External factors such as chemicals and radiation may damage the developing embryo or fetus.