The Earliest Computer Working Principles 5

In fact, the principles are all the same. Just find a way to express the number in terms of the state of the gear, such as the position.

Wasn't the first one Eniaq.

Do you want me to start with an abacus? All right...

Abacus

If you turn an abacus bead, there will be one more abacus by the middle bar, so the value is +1;When the value reaches 10, carry +1 (the left column), and the base is cleared.

The earliest abacus is about 10 abacus beads in each gear, the most common is a total of 7 abacus beads on 2 and 5 down, and the most simplified is a total of 5 abacus beads on 1 and 4 on the bottom, but they are all the same, the upper abacus is equal to 5, the lower one is equal to 1, the full five or more than five is replaced by the upper abacus, and the full ten or more than ten is one more.

Robotic crank computer

Except that you don't have to manually dial the abacus one by one, the basic principle is similar to that of the abacus.

Relay computer

Finally evolved to the level of electrical appliances... At this time, the computer has begun binary and circuit control, and there is electricity in the circuit to represent 1, and no electricity to represent 0; When there is electricity, the relay in front of it works, and after the relay is coupled, it means that another circuit is connected, and Unicom means that there is electricity, and electricity means that the value changes from 0 to 1.

That is to say, when you press a switch, it is not just that the line connected to the switch has electricity, but through the action of the relay, a series of chain reactions are generated, so that a series of relays on other circuits are produced or disconnected or connected.

By arranging these relays according to a certain "program" and circuit, it is possible to obtain a "calculation result" by whether the current of the final circuit is present or not.

If you can understand this working principle of the relay computer, then the electronic computer behind it can also understand it.

Tube computers

The principle of replacing the relay with an electron tube amplification tube (transisket) has not changed.

。Why can a triode replace a relay? This has to be explained from the principle of the transistor... However, this is an electrician's tutorial, the interaction of the three electrodes of the triode, the principle can be regarded as the same as the relay, so I will not explain much.

Transistor computers

The principle of replacing the electronic triode with a transistor has not changed.

Integrated circuit computers

A silicon wafer is burned by laser to produce a piece of transistor and related circuits on the silicon wafer. However, the principle has not changed, only on a larger scale.

That's it.

Computer at work, motherboard, CPU, memory. How to realize that as long as there is electricity, the work can be completed through complex circuits. What exactly is the process of these columns?

The software and hardware work in tandem with the set procedures.

When the computer is running, it first takes out the first instruction from the memory, through the decoding of the controller, according to the requirements of the instruction, takes out the data from the memory for specified operations and logical operations, and then sends the result to the memory according to the address. Then take out the second command and complete the specified operation under the command of the controller. Continue in sequence until you encounter a stop command.

When the computer is running, it first takes out the first instruction from the memory, through the decoding of the controller, and takes out the data from the memory for specified operations and logical operations according to the requirements of the instruction, and then sends the result to the memory according to the specified address. Next, take out the second command, complete the specified operation under the command of the controller, and continue so until the stop command is encountered. The program accesses the same as the data, according to the order of the program, step by step to take out the instructions, and automatically complete the operation specified in the instructions is the most basic working principle of the computer, this principle was originally proposed by the American-Hungarian mathematician von Neumann in 1945, so it is called the Von Neumann principle of pure Ichmann, the working principle of the von Neumann architecture computer can be summarized in eight words:

Stored programs, program controls.

1. The basic principle of the computer is divided into two parts, namely the storage program and the program control, before the code is used, the instruction sequence and the original data that control how the computer operates must be transmitted to the computer memory through the input device, and then in the process of use, it will be executed according to this program.

2. When the computer is running, it first takes out the first instruction from the memory, and through the decoding of the controller in the friendly model, according to the requirements of the instruction, takes out the data from the memory for the specified operation and logical operation, and then sends the result to the memory according to the address. Next, take out the second command and complete the specified operation under the command of the controller. And so on.

Until a stop command is encountered. The program accesses the same as the data, according to the order of the program, step by step to take out the instructions, and automatically complete the operation specified in the instructions is the most basic working principle of the computer, which was originally developed by the American-Hungarian mathematician von. Neumann proposed it in 1945, hence the name von.

Neumann's principle, von Neumann architecture The working principle of a computer can be summed up in eight words: stored programs, program control.

The basic principles of computers are mainly divided into stored programs and program control.

Computer working process:

Step 1: Feed the program and data into memory via the input device.

Step 2: After starting and running, the computer takes out the program instruction from the memory and sends it to the controller to identify and analyze what the instruction is going to do.

Step 3: The controller issues the corresponding command according to the meaning of the instruction, takes out the operation data stored in the memory unit and sends it to the combinator for calculation, and then sends the calculation result back to the unit specified in the memory.

Step 4: When the computing task is completed, the result can be output through the output device according to the instructions.

Notes:

A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to instructions, and is mainly composed of two parts: a processor and memory. Memory is divided into many cells, each of which stores a small amount of data, identified by a numeric address. When data is read or written in memory, operations are performed on one unit at a time.

In order to read and write a particular memory cell, the numeric address of the cell must be found. Since memory is an electrical component, the cell address is transmitted as a binary number through the signal line.