Illustrate the application of engineering geology with examples The main influencing factors of land

2. Briefly describe the main influencing factors of landslides. (30 minutes).

Answer: Landslide is the phenomenon that the soil, rock mass or other debris accumulations on the slope slide along a certain sliding surface as a whole.

The main factors influencing landslides:

1.Lithology: Landslides with loose deposits are mainly related to clay. Bedrock landslides are mainly related to rocks that are easy to soften when exposed to water.

2.Structure: There are two main aspects of the relationship between landslides and structure:

The first is the relationship with the weak structural plane, whether it is a loose accumulation layer or bedrock, the sliding surface often occurs on the downslope layer, joint surface, irregularity and contact surface, section layer (belt) and split shale surface; Second, it is related to the composition characteristics of the upper permeable layer and the lower impervious layer.

3.Landform: The relationship between landslide and landform is mainly reflected by the free surface, slope and slope base erosion.

4.Climate: The climate is mainly affected by rainfall and temperature.

5.Groundwater: The vast majority of landslides occur along the weak surface of a rock mass saturated with groundwater.

6.**:** The stability of the slope can be reduced by loosening the rock and soil structure of the slope, causing fracture surfaces and causing dislocation of weak surfaces. In addition, the sudden application of ** force can also have a triggering effect on the failure of the slope.

7.Human factors: artificial factors such as artificial slope cutting is too steep and construction by large blasting method promote the occurrence of landslides. In order to understand the stability of landslides, it is necessary to find out the morphology, extent, and structural characteristics of landslides.

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a, mineral composition. Because the rock is a polycrystalline composition, the spacing of the particles inside the mineral crystal is small, and the attraction is much stronger than that between the grains. The effect of the composition of the clastic sedimentary rock cementation on the strength is most obvious.

b. Structural influences. In general, because the average distance between the grains is much larger than that of the particles inside the crystal, the firmness of attraction to each other is low, so the connection between the particles determines the resistance of the rock.

c, the impact of water. Gravity water and bound water have an important influence on the mechanical properties of the rock mass, which mainly change the structure and composition of the rock mass through a variety of actions: lubrication, freeze-thaw, latent erosion, hydrolysis, and connection.

d. The characteristics of the force also have an impact on the engineering geological properties. The nature of the force, the stress level, the magnitude of the confining pressure, the rate of stress increase, the duration of stress, and the process of stress increase and decrease, etc.

e, the temperature effect is lost, the strength and elastic modulus of the rock below zero are relatively high, more than 1,000 degrees, and the influence of mechanical properties varies with the type of rock.

That's pretty much it.

Summary. Hello dear, according to the textbook "Engineering Geology", the main factors affecting the properties of geotechnical engineering include the following: geological conditions:

The geological conditions of the area where the geotechnical engineering is located have a direct impact on the properties of geotechnical engineering, including topography, stratigraphic structure, tectonic movement, and activities. Hydrological conditions: Factors such as groundwater level, water flow direction, and water flow velocity also have an important impact on the properties of geotechnical engineering.

Climatic conditions: Climatic conditions include temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, etc., which also have different degrees of influence on geotechnical engineering properties. Rock and soil properties:

The properties of rock and soil mass directly affect the stability of geotechnical engineering, including the strength, compressibility, permeability, and expansion of rock and soil mass. Human activities: Human activities also have a certain impact on the properties of geotechnical engineering, such as groundwater extraction, land subsidence, etc.

The combined effect of these factors determines the stability and safety of geotechnical engineering, so when carrying out geotechnical engineering design and construction, it is necessary to fully consider the influence of these factors and take corresponding measures to ensure the safety and stability of the project.

Engineering Geology Textbook Essay Question: What are the main factors affecting the properties of geotechnical engineering?

According to the textbook of "Engineering Geology", the main factors affecting the properties of geotechnical engineering include the following: Geological conditions: The stuffy conditions of the area where the rock difference and soil engineering is located have a direct impact on the properties of geotechnical engineering, including topography, stratigraphic structure, tectonic movement, and activities.

Hydrological conditions: Factors such as groundwater level, water flow direction, and water flow velocity also have an important impact on the properties of geotechnical engineering. Climatic conditions:

Climatic conditions include temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, etc., and these factors also have different degrees of influence on the properties of geotechnical engineering. Properties of rock and soil: The properties of rock and soil directly affect the stability of geotechnical engineering, including the strength, compressibility, permeability, and expansion of rock and soil.

Human activities: Human activities also have a certain impact on the properties of geotechnical engineering, such as groundwater extraction, land subsidence, etc. The combined effect of these factors determines the stability and safety of geotechnical engineering, so when carrying out geotechnical engineering design and construction, it is necessary to fully consider the influence of these factors and take corresponding measures to ensure the safety and stability of the project.

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Answers]: a, d

There are two factors that affect the stability of slope: internal factors and external factors. The internal factors include the nature of the rock and soil mass, geological structure, rock mass structure, in-situ stress, etc., which often play a major controlling role. External factors include the role of surface water and groundwater, weathering, artificial excavation, blasting and engineering loads.

The stability of the slope is affected by the occurrence of the rock, mainly in the following aspects:

i) Structural factors of rock mass: In the analysis of rock mass strength and stability, the structural plane is considered to be a particularly important factor, and the strength of the structural plane is much lower than the strength of the rock mass itself. Due to the existence of weak structural planes, the overall strength of the rock mass is greatly reduced, which increases the deformation properties and rheological properties of the rock mass, and deepens the inhomogeneity, anisotropy and discontinuity of the rock mass.

A large number of slope wrecks are proven, one or more structural plane combinations. The shear slip, tensile rupture and dislocation deformation of the boundary are the main causes of slope rock mass instability. From the perspective of slope stability, the genesis type, scale, continuity and spacing, undulation and roughness, surface bonding state and filling, occurrence and relationship between the rock mass structure plane and the free surface of the slope should be studied.

2) Shear strength of structural plane: The shear strength of structural plane is an important parameter that affects and calculates slope stability. Its determination and selection should be carefully studied and considered to be in harmony with potential damage conditions.

The countermeasures, according to Academician Pan, mainly include the following steps:

The first level: through geological exploration work, the joint fractures, fault fracture zones, shear dislocation zones and ...... in the rock mass are basically identified(collectively referred to as structural planes), as well as the physical and mechanical properties of these structural planes, and the corresponding parameters are determined. This is the basis for all future work.

This level of work is very difficult, not only because of the need for a lot of work and funds, but also because of the complexity of natural rock masses and the limitations of exploration methods, we cannot "completely" find out the situation, only a few intermittent data, so that the conclusion can not be quantitative and deterministic, more macroscopic judgment, evaluation and estimation, the data is statistical (probability) and random nature. This is why it is not possible to give a more definitive answer to a rock mechanics problem than some structural analyses.

Level 2: Comprehensively analyze the above data and generalize the rock mass into a model that can be mathematically processed (mathematical-physical model). The model should not only be able to basically reflect the various boundary conditions of the rock mass under study (e.g., the various structural planes that exist), but also determine all the reactions of the rock mass under the action of various factors (stress, strain, deformation, including rheology, cracking, expansion, yield, failure, collapse, ......etc.).That is, it is necessary to determine the "constitutive law" of the rock mass, and many parameters and criteria, before it can be analyzed. Obviously, any model can only be an approximate simulation of the rock mass. In the beginning, rock masses were often generalized as nonlinear continuums, and later gradually developed into discontinuities.

Level 3: Mathematical analysis of the above models, giving results, proposing measures, and giving feedback. Through tackling key problems in the Seventh and Eighth Five-Year Plans and in connection with the practice of the Lijiaxia, Ertan, Manwan, Three Gorges, and Xiaolangdi projects, China has made achievements at the above three levels, and some of them have reached the international advanced level.

It is recommended that you read this book, Fundamentals of Engineering Geology (edited by Tang Huiming), published by Chemical Industry Press. The question you are asking is more complex and I can't explain it in a sentence or two. There's something you want to learn in it.

Answer] :d the lithology of the weak strata, under the action of water and other external forces, it is easy to form a sliding zone due to the reduction of strength. However, the lithology of the rocks that are not easy to weathering and have no weak structural planes is stable and hard, and it is not easy to produce landslides.

1.Comprehensive analysis idea: Engineering geology needs to comprehensively consider geology, hydrology, topography, meteorology and other factors to carry out comprehensive analysis and evaluation.

2.Systems Thinking: Engineering geology needs to integrate various factors to form a systematic thinking model in order to better solve problems.

3.Risk management strategy: Slag engineering geology needs to assess and manage possible risks, and formulate corresponding countermeasures to ensure the safety and reliability of the project.

4.Sustainable development thinking: Engineering geology needs to consider environmental and social responsibility, adopt the idea of sustainable development, and protect the ecological environment and resources.

5.Technological innovation strategy: Engineering geology needs to be constantly innovated, and new technologies and methods are adopted to improve work efficiency and quality.

Answer] :d Hint: The lithology of the weak stratum is easy to form a sliding zone due to the decrease in strength under the action of water and other external forces; However, the lithology of the rock, which is not easy to weathering and has no weak structural plane, is stable and hard, and it is not easy to cause landslides without cultivation. Eyes only.