The process of photosynthesis takes place in .

cPhotosynthesis can be divided into two stages: light reaction and dark reaction (also known as carbon reaction).

Light reaction. Conditions: Light, photosynthetic pigments, photoreactive enzymes.

Location: thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

Process: Photolysis of water: 2H2O4[H]+O2 (catalyzed by light and pigments in chloroplasts). Synthesis of ATP: ADP + PI ATP (catalyzed by pigments in light, enzymes and chloroplasts).

Influencing factors: light intensity, CO2 concentration, water supply, temperature, pH, etc.

Significance: Photolysis of water, production of oxygen. Converts light energy into chemical energy to produce ATP, which provides energy for dark reactions. Using hydrogen ions, the product of water photolysis, Nadph is synthesized to provide reducing agent Nadph for dark reactions.

Dark reaction. The essence of a dark reaction is a series of enzymatic reactions.

Conditions: Dark Reactive Enzymes.

Location: Chloroplast matrix.

Influencing factors: temperature, CO2 concentration, pH, etc.

Process: Different plants have different processes of dark reactions, and the anatomy of the leaves is also different. This is the result of the plant's adaptation to the environment.

Dark reactions can be divided into three types: C3, C4, and CAM. The three types are divided according to the process of carbon dioxide fixation. For the most common type of C3 reaction, plants inhale CO2 from the outside into the cell through the stomata and into the chloroplast through free diffusion.

C5 is present in chloroplasts. It plays a role in fixing CO2 into C3. C3 reacts with the energy provided by NADPH and ATP to form carbohydrates (CH2O) and reduce C5.

The restored C5 continues to participate in the dark reaction.

The essence of photosynthesis is the conversion of CO2 and H2O into organic matter (change of matter) and the conversion of light energy into active chemical energy in ATP and then into stable chemical energy in organic matter (energy change).

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1) Light reaction. Location: Thyloid membranes.

2h o—light 4[h]+o

ADP + PI (Light Energy, Enzyme) ATP

2) Dark reaction orange Jingnai (new name carbon reaction). Location: Chloroplast matrix.

CO+C (enzyme)C

2c₃+(h])→ch₂o）+c₅+h2o

3) Total equations.

6CO +6Ho (light, enzymes, leaf spring greens) C H O (CHO)+6O

Carbon dioxide + water (light energy, chloroplasts) organic matter (stored energy) + oxygen.

Extended information: External factors affecting photosynthesis: light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration in the air.

1. Light intensity: The photosynthetic rate increases with the increase of light intensity, but the rate at which photosynthesis has reached the light saturation point before the intensity reaches the full sunshine, that is, the photosynthetic rate will not increase if the light intensity increases.

2. Temperature: Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction, and its rate should be accelerated with the increase of temperature. However, the whole mechanism of photosynthesis is sensitive to temperature, and the activity of the enzyme is weakened or lost when the temperature is high, so there is an optimal temperature for photosynthesis.

3. Carbon dioxide concentration: The increase of carbon dioxide concentration in the air will accelerate the photosynthetic rate. The effects of light intensity, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthesis are comprehensive.

The whole process of optical rubber leakage synthesis requires the participation of light in the sliding cavity. （）

a.The right beam lets rot.

b.Mistake. Correct answer: B

1. Photosynthesis usually refers to the process in which green plants (including algae) absorb light energy, synthesize carbon dioxide and water into energetic organic matter, and release oxygen at the same time. It mainly includes two stages: light reaction and dark reaction, which involves important reaction steps such as light absorption, electron transfer, photosynthetic phosphorylation, and carbon assimilation, which is of great significance for realizing the energy conversion in nature and maintaining the carbon-oxygen balance of the atmosphere.

2. The process of photosynthesis is a relatively complex problem, on the surface, the total reaction formula of photosynthesis seems to be a simple redox process, but in essence it includes a series of photochemical steps and material transformation problems. According to modern data, the whole photosynthesis can be roughly divided into the following three major steps: primary reaction, including the absorption, transfer and conversion of light energy; electron transport and photosynthetic phosphorylation to form active chemical energies (ATP and Nadph); Carbon assimilation, which converts active chemical energy into stable chemical energy (fixation of CO2 and formation of sugars).

Before introducing the photosynthesis reaction process, it is necessary to have a certain understanding of the photosynthetic pigments and photosystems involved in the photosynthesis process.

There are three reaction stages in photosynthesis, the first stage is on the thylakoid film, water photolysis becomes reduced hydrogen and oxygen, and ADP combines with PI absorbed energy to form ATP; In the second stage, in the chloroplast matrix, C5 binds to CO2 to produce two molecules of C3; In the third stage, in the chloroplast matrix, ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and PI to release energy, and C3 absorbs energy and combines reduced hydrogen generated by water in the first stage to produce sugars and C5. There are three reaction stages in photosynthesis, the first stage is on the thylakoid film, water photolysis becomes reduced hydrogen and oxygen, and ADP combines with PI absorbed energy to form ATP; In the second stage, in the chloroplast matrix, C5 binds to CO2 to produce two molecules of C3; In the third stage, in the chloroplast matrix, ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and PI to release energy, and C3 absorbs energy and combines reduced hydrogen generated by water in the first stage to produce sugars and C5.

Brief description of the process of photosynthesis: The chemical reaction in the first stage of photosynthesis must have light energy to proceed, and this stage is called the photoreaction stage; The chemical reaction in the second stage of photosynthesis, which can be carried out without light energy, is called the dark reaction stage. A brief description of the process of photosynthesis:

The chemical reaction in the first stage of photosynthesis must have light energy to proceed, and this stage is called the photoreaction stage; The chemical reaction in the second stage of photosynthesis, which can be carried out without light energy, is called the dark reaction stage.