Characteristics of China s public policy making process

Hello, dear, I am happy to answer for you: the characteristics of public policy are: Wholeness, the problem to be solved by public policy is complex, and the whole is not only manifested in the content and form of the policy, but also in the policy process

Forward-looking, although public policies are proposed in response to real problems, they are an arrangement and guide for future development; Hierarchical: It has different specifications according to different levels; Diversity, the diversity of which is clearly derived from the "public" character of the policy legitimacy, ** behavior, is a special kind of "legal person behavior". The policy that embodies the behavior of the first person has a certain legal nature in itself.

The basic characteristics of public policy do not include systematization. The basic characteristics of public policy are holistic, advanced, hierarchical, diverse, and legitimate.

The basis and premise for the decision-making of public policy and the legitimization of policy-making must be rational and scientific thinking and decision-making. Generally speaking, the subjects involved in the formulation and operation of public policies are the subjects of the state's public legal power. That is to say, the main body of public policy is the main body of public policy formulation and participation, which has a wide range of involvement and influence, and has a strict public nature.

Principles of public policy implementation

1. Combination of principle and flexibility. Principled requirements require faithful implementation of the spirit and essence of the policy, and ensure the unity, seriousness, and authority of the policy. Flexibility refers to the flexible implementation of policies according to the environment and actual situation without violating policy principles.

2. Orderly implementation. Policy implementation should maintain a certain phased sequence and continuity of the process. This is a core requirement of the policy enforcement process. It is also an essential element for maintaining the stability of implementation.

3. Time limit for implementation. Time-bound means that each link in the implementation of the policy has a time requirement, and the time-limited nature of the implementation overcomes and prevents the arbitrariness and randomness of the behavior of the main body of the policy implementation, and at the same time, provides a unified and standardized time standard for the policy implementer.

Public policies are laws and regulations that are formulated by politicians, i.e., those who have legislative power, and implemented by executives.

Public policy is the public authority through the political process to choose and formulate a program to solve public problems, achieve public goals, and achieve public interests, and its role is to regulate and guide the actions of relevant institutions, groups or individuals, and its expression includes laws and regulations, administrative regulations or orders, oral or written instructions of state leaders, planning, etc.

As an authoritative distribution of social interests, public policy reflects social interests in a concentrated manner, thus determining that public policies must reflect the interests of the majority in order to have legitimacy. Therefore, many scholars position the goal orientation of public policy as the realization of public interests, and believe that public interests are the value orientation and logical starting point of public policies, as well as the essence and belonging, starting point and ultimate goal of public policies. "The vast majority of people will choose the public interest when it comes to whether public policy should be aligned with the public interest or private interest. ”

The basic characteristics of public policy are: 1. Integrity, the policy is a supporting policy, which refers to a policy system composed of many policies of different numbers and types to strengthen the overall function of the policy; 2. Advanced; 3. Hierarchical;

4. Diversity; 5. Legitimacy.

Public policy is characterized by its publicness, authority, and value. The more important policy categories are (economic policy), (social policy), (environmental policy), (defense policy) and (foreign policy).

From the perspective of vertical structure, the policy system is divided into several levels from the top to the low level, the high-level policy is the basis of the low-level policy, and the low-level policy is the concretization of the high-level political state Wuce. From the perspective of the structure of the policy system, the policy system is divided into different types of subsystems, which complement, cooperate and coordinate with each other, so that the policy system can maintain its own organic integrity.

1) Value selectivity: the value system of policymakers has an important impact on the content of policies;

2) Hierarchical: public policies have hierarchical requirements, such as forests, generally speaking, high-level policies have a guiding role in low-level policies;

3) Phases: Public policy has a process of occurrence and development;

4) Functional diversity: From different perspectives, policies have multiple functions and roles;

5) Legitimacy: Require the most systematic and legal behavior, and the legal formulation procedure;

6) Authoritative (mandatory): Mandatory mainly stems from the difference and hierarchy of public interests;

7) Universality (publicity): the policy has a wide range of applicability within the scope of its framework, and is not aimed at individual people and individual things;

8) Stability: The policy must maintain a certain degree of stability.

The goal of the policy is the social effect of solving the problem or the negative social impact to be avoided that policymakers expect to achieve through policy implementation.

Design of alternatives Design of alternatives.

Screening of Alternatives Screening is a process of selecting the best candidates based on a thorough evaluation of the alternatives.

Final Decision on Policy Options and Legitimization Report.

The formulation of public policy refers to the process of formulating a formal policy on the basis of a series of acceptable plans or plans proposed to understand the resolution of a certain social problem, and on the basis of policy analysis, further argumentation and review of alternatives. This process consists mainly of identifying policy objectives, designing options, evaluating and selecting options.