Trends in the subject of modern public policy

Summary. Pro, (1) official subject. There are mainly ruling parties, administrative organs, power organs, and judicial organs.

In China, in addition to the first four, the CPPCC, public institutions, administrative companies, and certain social organizations can participate in the formulation and implementation of policies from the perspective of "public" and become the main body of policy. (2) Non-governmental entities. There are mainly individual citizens, interest groups, and think tanks.

In addition, it should be noted that individual citizens may become official subjects due to their status as deputies to the National People's Congress; A think tank may also be an official think tank.

Hello, dear, I am glad to have your question, briefly describe the main body of public policy, and help you find that the main body of public policy is directly or indirectly involved in the whole process of public policy. It can be known that there are two categories. Hope mine can help you.

Wishing you good health and happiness!

Pro, (1) official subject. There are mainly ruling parties, administrative organs, power organs, and judicial organs. In China, in addition to the first four, the CPPCC, public institutions, administrative companies, and certain social organizations can participate in the revision and implementation of the policy system from the perspective of "public", and become the main body of the policy.

(2) Non-governmental entities. There are mainly individual citizens, interest groups, and think tanks. In addition, it should be noted that individual citizens may become official subjects due to their status as deputies to the National People's Congress; The think tank may also be the think tank of the Guanshan Ridge side.

1. Public policy.

Changes in the problem.

Public policy is intended to solve public problems, and in modern society, public problems are more and more extensive, and problems intersect with each other. As a result, public issues may change during the development or implementation of policies, and changes in issues often require corresponding policy adjustments.

Second, the policy objectives have changed.

Policy objectives are an important component of public policy, and the determination of policy content, the selection of policy plans, and the use of policy instruments are all based on better achieving policy objectives. Once the policy objectives of the policy-making and implementing entities change, the policy must be adjusted. This kind of change in policy objectives may occur at the level of specific policies, as well as at the level of the country's general policies and basic policies.

Third, the policy environment has changed.

As a subsystem, public policy exists in the parent system of society and interacts with many subsystems, the most important of which is the environmental system. In the final analysis, policy problems arise from the environment, and the resources and resources for policy operation are also provided by the environment. The environment in which the policy system operates is not only a complex environment with multiple factors, but also an environment that is constantly changing.

The policy environment is influenced by policies and reacts to policies.

Fourth, policy resources have changed.

The formulation, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of policies all require a certain type and amount of resources to support them. Policy resources are not a ready-made constant, they are related to the public management that is actually in the hands of the policy-making and implementing subjects.

Power, its own authority, the ability to extract resources from the environment. Therefore, policy resources are also a variable, and when policy resources change, relevant policies need to be adjusted.

5. Exposure of policy limitations.

Inevitably, any public policy has some limitations. Some limitations are caused by people's subjective mistakes or the influence of objective conditions in the process of policy formulation and implementation; Some of the limitations are determined by the temporal and spatial characteristics of the policy. Before the implementation of the policy, or in the initial stage of policy implementation, the limitations may not be immediately exposed, but with the deepening of the policy implementation, some limitations will play a role and affect the implementation of the policy, and then the task of policy adjustment will be put on the agenda of Qi Chun.

Public policy is not a static dogma, it is a dynamic process of adjustment of people's series of activities around a public issue. With the change of policy issues or the adjustment of policy dispersion goals and changes in the social environment, the equilibrium state of policy stability will be broken, and policy changes and adjustments will begin. This kind of change and adjustment runs through all aspects of the policy Tongmin process.

I also need to solve quickly and quickly ·· Thank you.

Quantitative analysis is the mainstream of contemporary public policy analysis.

Steps for quantitative analysis.

Extended information: Quantitative analysis is one way to identify hazards. It is a branch of analytical chemistry that aims to determine the content of each component in a substance.

According to the different methods used, it is divided into gravimetric analysis, volume analysis and instrumental analysis. Due to the difference in the amount of analysis sample and the measured component, it can be divided into constant analysis, semi-micro analysis, micro analysis, ultra-micro analysis, etc. Qi Xian later promoted it to the premise of clearly dividing the types of substances, that is, after the qualitative nature of the substance, the strength, stiffness, and range change indicators of the substance were specifically analyzed.

The analysis of substances in terms of "quantity" is suitable for analyzing the probability of occurrence of dangerous losses, frequency and degree of loss.

Books on quantitative analysis.

The main body of public policy should include the first subject, the quasi-public policy subject and the public of the social and wild society.

The core subjects are divided into the first subject (the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary) and the ruling party.