Are there operons in eukaryotes, and do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have introns?

There are no operons in eukaryotes in general.

Operon: A general term for initiating genes, manipulating genes, and a series of tightly linked structural genes. Functional units of transcription.

Many functionally related genes are linked to each other in a string, and transcription is controlled by a common control region, including structural genes and the entire DNA sequence of regulatory genes. It is mainly seen in the transcriptional regulation of prokaryotes, such as lactose operon, arabinose operon, histidine operon, tryptophan operon, etc.

There is no such thing as an operon in eukaryotes.

The definition of operon refers to an expression regulatory sequence in the genome of prokaryotes, 1000 bp in length, which is connected by several structural genes in series, and the expression is regulated by the same regulatory system.

Prokaryotes-like operons are absent in the vast majority of eukaryotic cells.

The theory of operons has been widely confirmed in the study of prokaryotic cells. However, the regulatory mechanisms of enzyme production in higher animals are less well understood, and it may be much more complex than those of prokaryotes.

The information was checked, and I had not been in contact with eukaryotes before, but it turned out that there was one, and I learned.

Eukaryotes have introns, but nanoleaksGenerally speaking, prokaryotes do not contain introns, with a few exceptions, such as Salmonella typhimurium and Canine pylori, as well as in the RNA and tRNA of archaea.

The coding region of eukaryotic genes is discontinuous, divided into exons and introns (among them, exons can be finally expressed (manifested in the primary structure of proteins), and introns cannot be expressed in the end (so in the process of eukaryotic gene expression, the messenger RNA, the transcript product, cannot be translated directly, but the intron part must be pruned before the translation can be directed). The genes of prokaryotes are continuous, so there is no distinction between exons and introns.

Operons are the way of negative regulation, and each gene needs a repressor protein. Eukaryotes.

The base of the radical impulse group is very large, there are many genes, and if negative regulation is adopted, a large number of repressor proteins need to be synthesized, which is not economical. Therefore, eukaryotes mostly adopt a positive regulatory approach.

Gene expression regulation is divided into several steps, but in fact, it cannot be said to be steps, but regulation at different stages.

The first is the expression of genes, and prokaryotes.

different, eukaryotic DNA and histone proteins.

Bonding, under normal conditions, is a short and thick form that is twisted, which is chromatin, and at this time RNA polymerase cannot work properly on DNA. Normally, eukaryotes need regulators to regulate gene expression, and lead is used to unravel the closed form of histones so that RNA polymerases can work. In prokaryotes, since there are no histones and DNA is exposed to the cytoplasm, prokaryotes use negative regulation to regulate gene expression, that is, some molecules will prevent RNA polymerase from working, or obscure the promoter.

and other methods. Prokaryotes need Li J to replicate and grow quickly, and the content of their genes is also very small, so most of the genes of ordinary prokaryotes are in an expression state, which is also a means of adapting to the reproduction of prokaryotes.

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in the expression of fragments during gene expression, but it cannot be said which expression mechanism is more favorable.

Prokaryotes do not have introns: they allow organisms to transcribe and translate during gene expression, which greatly increases the metabolic rate (most prokaryotes are microorganisms), but it is also prone to error.

Eukaryotes have introns: the gene expression process, which is first transcribed in the nucleus, is translated on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, and there are a large number of mechanisms to detect whether DNA is transcriptionally qualified (among them: transcription errors in introns will not affect the translation of proteins), so that although eukaryotes metabolize relatively slowly, the expression error rate of their genes is relatively low.

Therefore, for organisms, it does not matter whether there are introns or not. Because these are just different selection mechanisms for different organisms.

PS: Every creature is an immortal legend in space and time, there is no good or bad. (A little personal opinion).

Generally in eukaryotes, but some prokaryotes also have such as archaea.

Prokaryotic cells do not have introns, whereas eukaryotic cells have introns.

Prokaryotes. Most gene expression regulation is achieved through operon mechanisms. The operon usually consists of more than 2 coding sequences in the genome with initiation sequences, manipulation sequences, and other regulatory sequences.

It is composed of clusters in series. The initiation sequence is RNA polymerase.

Binding and initiating transcription of the isoDNA sequence. A variety of prokaryotic genes initiate the bridging vertical sequence, and there are usually some similar sequences in the -10 and -35 regions upstream of the transcription initiation site, which are called consensus sequences. The common sequence of Escherichia coli and some bacterial initiation sequences is TATAAT, also known as Pribnowbox, in the -10 region, and TTGACA in the -35 region.

Any one of these common sequences.

Mutations or variations can affect the binding of RNA polymerase to the initiation sequence and transcription initiation. Thus, the degree of agreement with the consensus sequence determines the transcriptional activity size of the initiating sequence. The manipulation sequence is the binding site of the prokaryotic repressor protein.

When the manipulation sequence binds to the repressor protein, it will hinder the binding of the RNA polymerase to the initiator sequence, or make the RNA polymerase unable to move forward along the DNA, inhibiting transcription and mediating negative regulation. There is also a specific DNA sequence in the prokaryotic operon regulatory sequence that binds to activate sensitive proteins, activates transcription, and mediates positive regulation.

Because only eukaryotes have introns.

Introns are internal nucleotide sequences that are removed from the initial transcription product during post-transcriptional processing. The term intron also refers to a region in the DNA that encodes the corresponding RNA intron. Introns may contain "old codes", which are parts of genes that have lost their function during evolution.