Data about lightning, what lightning looks like

A lightning bolt seen with the naked eye, the process is very complicated. When a thundercloud moves somewhere, the middle and lower part of the cloud is a strong negative charge center, and the underlying surface opposite the cloud base becomes a positive charge center, forming a strong electric field between the cloud base and the ground. When the charge accumulates more and more and the electric field becomes stronger and stronger, a section of air column that is strongly ionized in the atmosphere first appears at the base of the cloud, which is called a cascade pilot.

This ionization gas column extends to the ground step by step, each step step pilot is a dull light column with a diameter of about 5 meters, a length of 50 meters, and a current of about 100 amperes, it stretches out to the ground at a high speed of about 150,000 meters and seconds on average, and when it is about 5-50 meters from the ground, the ground will suddenly strike upward, and the channel of the return attack is from the ground to the bottom of the cloud, and the ionization channel opened up along the above-mentioned cascade pilot. The first blitzkrieg was the first blitzkrieg from the ground to the bottom of the cloud at a higher speed of 50,000 kilometers per second, emitting a brilliant pillar of light that lasted 40 microseconds and passed through more than 10,000 amperes. After a few seconds, a dim pillar of light from the clouds, carrying a huge current, gallops to the ground along the path of the first blitz, called the straight pilot, when it is about 5-50 meters from the ground, the ground then hits back upward, and then forms a bright and incomparably bright pillar of light, which is the second blitz.

Then it was like the second time.

Three or four blitzes. It usually consists of 3-4 blitz strikes to form a lightning process. A lightning process lasts about seconds, in this short period of time, a huge amount of electrical energy is released on the narrow lightning channel, thus forming a strong **, generating shock waves, and then forming sound waves to spread around, which is thunder or "thunder".

Lightning is a phenomenon of intense electrical discharge between clouds, between clouds and ground, or between parts of the cloud body (usually in cumulonimbus clouds).

Usually storm clouds (cumulonimbus clouds) produce electric charges, with yin electricity at the bottom and yang electricity at the top, and also a positive charge on the ground, which follows the clouds like a shadow. Positive and negative charges attract each other, but air is not a good conductor. Positive charges run toward trees, hills, the tops of tall buildings, and even on top of the human body, in an attempt to meet negatively charged clouds; The negatively charged branch-like antennae extend downwards and get closer to the ground as they go downward.

Finally, the positive and negative charges finally overcome the air barrier and connect. A huge electric current surged from the ground to the clouds along a conductive airway, producing a bright and dazzling flash.

The length of a lightning bolt may be only a few hundred meters (the shortest is 100 meters), but it can be several kilometers long. The temperature of lightning varies from 17,000 degrees Celsius to 28,000 degrees Celsius, which is equal to 3.5 times the surface temperature of the sun. The extreme heat of the lightning caused the air to expand violently along its path.

The air moves quickly, so waves are formed and sound is made.

Kampala, the capital of Uganda, and Java, Indonesia, are the most vulnerable to lightning. According to statistics, there are 300 days of lightning on the island of Java in one year. The most violent lightning in history was the 1975 attack on a hut near um Tari in rural Zimbabwe, killing 21 people.

First of all, you have to understand that when the air is dry, it will have a large amount of electrostatic charge, and when the clouds drift in the dry air, they will accumulate a large amount of electrostatic charge, and the clouds with a large amount of electrostatic charge will drift to areas of humid air, which will produce an electric discharge on the earth, which is lightning.

Large electrolytic capacitors can store a large amount of electrostatic charge, such as the large capacitor in the power supply part of a color TV, which is my own theory and has no reference.