What is raffia and raffia history

Drawnwork. A type of embroidery, also known as "lace". Legend has it that raffia originated in countries such as Italy, France and Portugal, and was developed on the basis of folk embroidery in the Middle Ages.

It is braided with spun yarn; Or use linen or cotton cloth and other materials, according to the pattern design, the warp or weft of the pattern part is removed, and then connected to form a transparent decorative pattern; Or use carving and embroidery and pick up flowers, etc., to make famous tablecloths, curtains, plate mats, handkerchiefs, chairs and clothing and other daily necessities. Around 1885, it was introduced to China's coastal ports and nearby villages. By 1912, there had been a relatively large development in China.

Since the twenties, in Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, it is customary to call it "lace"; In Shandong, Guangdong and Zhejiang, it is customary to call it "raffia"; There are also collectively known as "lace embroidery". After the liberation, China's raffia continued to absorb the characteristics of folk embroidery technology, improve pattern design and process skills, and make it have China's own national characteristics, and the products are exported to dozens of countries and regions on five continents. Because of its fine workmanship and elegant patterns, it has a good reputation in the world.

The main production areas are Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Beijing, Tianjin, Dalian, Fujian, Sichuan and Harbin. Each product has its own different style.

Raffia lace is one of the main handicrafts exported by China, with an annual export value of about 300 million US dollars. According to statistics, Japan, the United States, Germany, Canada and other countries are big consumers of raffia products, and they are also the main markets for China's exports. Industry insiders believe that with the improvement of living standards and aesthetic concepts, the market for foreign raffia products will be further expanded, and the development potential is huge.

ks cbk7w'DF0 yarn is also known as "lace", which is said to have been introduced from Europe to China's coastal coast and nearby villages in the late Qing Dynasty. the north takes the shandong tobacco platform area as the center, and is customarily called " lace " hollow lace " in the south , the guangdong chaoshan area is the center , and the customary name " raffle is based on the design drawings , The warp or weft threads of the base cloth are removed as appropriate, and then connected to form a transparent decorative pattern. or embroider, mend and carve on cotton and linen fabrics to make tablecloths, curtains, tray cushions, bedspreads, pillowcases, handkerchiefs, clothing, etc.

It can be divided into four categories: embroidery, patching, braiding and mixing. Among them, embroidery includes carving, drawing, shadow needle embroidery, color flat embroidery, double-sided heterochromatic embroidery, picking flowers, etc.; Patching includes carving, patching, and embroidery; Braiding categories include 10,000 strands of silk, mallet lace, net buckles, filth, crochet lace, needle lace, etc.; Mixed types include carved embroidery inlay knotting, braided inlay embroidery, carved embroidery braiding and stitching, etc.

Two birthplaces of Chinese raffia:

Shandong Yantai, Shantou Chenghai.

Yarn embroidery is a very distinctive category in embroidery, the embroidery method is, according to the part of the design pattern, first on the fabric to remove a certain number of warp and weft yarns, and then use the cloth silk left on the cloth surface, with embroidery thread for regular braiding and knotting, weaving out the perforated yarn eye, combined into a variety of patterns. The embroidery surface with raffia has a unique mesh effect, which is beautiful and delicate, clear and decorative. Due to the difficulty of penetration, most of the raffia embroidery patterns are simple geometric lines and block surfaces, which are delicately and delicately embellished in an embroidery.

The process of extracting mesh is generally divided into the following steps:1Preparation:

Shop for mesh and tools to wear with your grip, such as needles, pliers, scissors, etc. 2.Pre-processing:

Spread the mesh flat and use scissors to cut off the unwanted parts, leaving the needed parts. Then roughly draw the shape around the mesh that needs to be extracted. 3.

Extracting the mesh: Start from one end of the mesh with a mesh needle, pass through the gap of the mesh, and pull out a piece of mesh cable. Continue to extract the wire until it reaches the edge of the drawn shape.

4.Stretch the network cable: Loosen the extracted network cable, pay attention to the strength to be even, so that the appearance of the entire extracted part presents a delicate and clear effect.

5.Fix the network cable: Use pliers or manually fix the network cable in the required position, and then cut off the excess network cable.

It should be noted that the process of extracting the mesh yarn requires patience and care, especially in the process of extracting the network cable in the third step, it needs to be advanced slowly, and do not extract too many network cables at one time. In addition, the extraction method of different shapes of mesh yarn is also different, and it needs to be adjusted and carefully processed according to the actual situation. I hope the above can help you [warm] [warm].

It can be divided into four categories: embroidery, patching, braiding and mixing. Among them, the embroidery includes carved embroidery, drawing and bumping embroidery, shadow needle embroidery, color flat embroidery, double-sided heterochromatic embroidery, picking flowers, etc.; There are carved flowers, patches, and embroidery; Braiding categories include 10,000 strands of silk, mallet lace, net buckles, filth, crochet lace, needle lace, etc.; The mixed category includes carved embroidery inlay braiding, braided inlay embroidery with the first flower, carved embroidery braided and braided stitching square, etc.

Since the rise of yarn in the Chaoshan area, with the deformity of the semi-colony of Shantou, Chaoshan yarn has developed rapidly. The unique art and novel style of Chaozhou cushion embroidery have been appreciated by Westerners who love novelty, so foreign businessmen and Chinese investors have set up foreign firms and various raffia factories in Shantou, and the situation has sprung up. In 1912, 1914, 1936 and 1941, Chaoshan yarn flourished for the second time.

At that time, "foreign companies" and "companies" were everywhere in Shanshan, and the yarn drawing workers were all over the rugged areas, which was very prosperous. However, just as Chaoshan yarn was booming, first due to the outbreak of the First World War, the Western economy was damaged, and the sales market was declining and stagnated. In the second heyday, in the competition between Chinese-funded companies and foreign banks, the big fish ate the small fish, and many Chinese-funded companies were controlled by the foreign banks due to lack of funds, and the income of the yarn drawing workers was meager, which was insufficient to maintain the minimum standard of living, and many people were unwilling to do this "hand-skinned money" work anymore.

Finally, due to the Pacific War launched by Japan in 1941, the shipping route was blocked, the shipment could not be shipped, and the Chaoshan yarn was on the verge of being interrupted. This is the reason for the rise and fall of Chaoshan raffia for the second time.

Notice of the Ministry of Foreign Economic Cooperation on Printing and Distributing the List of Export Enterprises Operating Raffia Products in 1998.

1998 Foreign Economic and Trade Management Letter No. 43, February 12, 1998).

Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Commissions (Departments and Bureaus) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities specifically designated in the state plan, commissioner offices, quota and license bureaus, China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Light Industry and Crafts, associations of enterprises with foreign investment, and companies directly under various ministries and commissions

In order to maintain the order of China's raffia products export business, enhance the export competitiveness of our raffia products, and further expand exports, according to the relevant provisions of the Ministry of "Interim Provisions on the Administration of the Export of Raffia Products" (1997) Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Management No. 614, the "List of Export Enterprises Engaged in Raffia Products in 1998" is hereby issued to you (see annex), and the relevant matters are notified as follows:

1. According to the provisions of Article 3 (1) and (3) of the Interim Provisions on the Administration of the Export of Raffia Products, it is determined that the enterprises directly engaged in the export of raffia products in 1998 are: (1) according to the customs statistics The top enterprises in the three-year export amount of the raffia reached 60% of the total export amount of the country and the average export value reached 500,000 US dollars (see the annex list); (2) Production enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises approved by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation with the right to export yarn products. If the remaining enterprises need to export, they must entrust the foreign trade enterprises listed in the annex list, and the two parties shall sign an agreement and report to the Light Industry and Craft Chamber of Commerce for the record.

Second, the Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Light Industrial and Crafts should formulate specific industry coordination measures for the export of raffia products, focus on coordinating exports and markets, and track and supervise the implementation of export enterprises.

3. The licensing authorities authorized by the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation shall issue export licenses for raffia products in strict accordance with Article 1 of this circular and the relevant provisions on license management.

4. This notice shall come into force on March 1. If there are any problems in the implementation, please report to the Ministry (Trade Management Division) in time.

Annex: List of export enterprises engaged in raffia products in 1998.

Issuing department: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Economic Cooperation (including the former Ministry of Foreign Economic Cooperation) (changed) Release date: 1998-02-12.

Date of implementation: 1998-02-12 (**Regulations).