What are the characteristics of watermelon plants?

The whole growth period of watermelon is short, and the fruit is large, so the plant has a considerable demand for fertilizer in its lifetime, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium demand is also different, with potassium being the most, phosphorus being the least, and nitrogen being in the middle. According to the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the absorption of nitrogen (N), phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) and potassium oxide (K2O) in one watermelon during the whole growth period were grams, grams and grams, respectively.

Every 667 m2 is calculated based on 1000 watermelon plants, which can absorb a total of kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide. The absorption ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) is 3 1 4.

The requirements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different growth stages of watermelon plants are also different, and according to relevant research data, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the seedling stage of watermelon plants accounts for the uptake of the whole growth period. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium at the elongation stage accounted for the absorption of the whole growth period. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium during fruit set and peak growth accounted for the whole growth period. It can be seen that the maximum fertilizer requirement of watermelon plants is the fruit growth period, which is about 85% of the total fertilizer consumption.

The whole growth period of watermelon plants is short, and the fruit is large, so the need for fertilizer is quite large. Based on the yield of 2500 kg of watermelon fruit per mu, the weight ratio of fruit to branches and leaves was 4 1, and the total biological yield was 3125 kg. Generally, medium terrific soils need to apply kilograms of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide 10 kilograms to meet the nutritional needs of watermelons.

The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium requirements of watermelon plants was the highest potassium, the least phosphorus, and the middle of nitrogen. The absorption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorbed by a watermelon during the whole growth period was 3 1 4. In the vine extension and flowering stage before fruit set, the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus was more, and the absorption of potassium was the largest after fruit set.

It can be seen that watermelon is a high-potassium crop.

In fact, the demand for fertilizer in the whole growth process of watermelon is relatively large, what fertilizer does watermelon need, let's take a look.

1. Bottom fertilizer. Before watermelon planting, it is necessary to apply a sufficient amount of organic fertilizer to the soil, according to the dosage of 4000 kg per mu, with diammonium phosphate, trim microbial agent, etc., and fully and evenly mix with the soil.

The main purpose of applying the base fertilizer before planting is to provide nutrients in the growth process of watermelon, so the amount of base fertilizer is generally relatively large, accounting for more than 50% of the annual fertilizer amount, and the addition of microbial agents is to improve soil activity, increase the beneficial bacteria in the soil, and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.

2. Top dressing. Watermelon topdressing can be fertilized according to the seedling stage, vine extension stage and gourd expansion stage, of which the seedling stage fertilization is less, the fertilization of the vine extension period should be reasonably formulated according to the situation, and the fertilization of the melon expansion stage should be relatively sufficient.

Seedling fertilization should be based on the situation of basal fertilizer, generally if the basal fertilizer is sufficient, it is not necessary to fertilize at the seedling stage, but if the plant growth is obviously deficient symptoms or the basal fertilizer is not particularly sufficient, it is necessary to carry out topdressing at the seedling stage.

During the vine extension period, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased according to the growth of watermelon, and top dressing can be carried out together with watering, and nitrogen should be avoided during this period of top dressing, because this will lead to excessive growth of watermelon and affect the fruit setting rate in the later stage.

The fertilizer is mainly high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and the spraying of medium and trace element foliar fertilizer can change color and improve the income of melon farmers.

3. Precautions.

There are some precautions for watermelon fertilization, and if you don't master it, it is likely to affect the growth of watermelon.

Don't use a single element fertilizer, choose a water-soluble fertilizer with large elements, which has many trace elements in addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can meet the nutritional needs of watermelon.

In addition, watermelon is a chlorine-resistant crop, and the application of chlorine-containing fertilizers during the planting process will affect the accumulation of sugar and make the melon taste lighter, such as chlorine-containing fertilizers such as ammonium chloride, potassium chloride or potassium chloride compound fertilizers.

Secondly, watermelon fertilization should be at a certain distance from the taproot, otherwise it will cause root burning and affect the growth of the fruit.

Finally, watermelon fertilization should avoid rainy weather, because it will cause fertilizer loss and cause watermelon to grow.

The fertilizer used to grow watermelons is basal fertilizer, and before planting, mixed with rotted farmhouse fertilizer in the soil can accelerate germination. During the seedling growth period, fast-acting fertilizer can be applied to the soil, which can accelerate the growth of seedlings. When the watermelon vine grows, urea, calcium fertilizer, etc. need to be applied, and farmhouse fertilizer and compound fertilizer can be applied during the fruit period, which can make the watermelon have sufficient sugar and good taste.

Watermelon chooses organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and the fertilizer effect is long and lasting, so organic fertilizer is definitely indispensable. Generally, the manure organic fertilizer of the farmhouse is a good choice, but it must be rotten, otherwise it is easy to burn the seedlings. It is also a good choice if you have cake fat, such as soybean meal and peanut cake, of course, the effect will be better if it can be rotted.

Organic fertilizer has a long effect and is a good base fertilizer for watermelon.

1. Base fertilizer. Watermelon is sweet, juicy and refreshing, and is a common fruit in summer. The germination and growth of watermelon are inseparable from the irrigation of fertilizer, but many people do not know what fertilizer to use to plant watermelon, planting watermelon first needs base fertilizer, mixing rotten farmhouse fertilizer in the soil can effectively promote the growth of watermelon.

2. Promote seedling fertilizer.

Seedling fertilizer is the fertilizer applied when the seedlings grow 4 5 leaves after watermelon transplanting, and the "double enhancer" can be applied at this time, which can effectively accelerate the growth of seedlings, so that the watermelon has a high sugar value and sufficient moisture. A small amount of fast-acting fertilizer can also be applied, which can also effectively accelerate the growth of seedlings.

3. Promote vine fertilizer.

After the seedlings grow 40 cm, urea, calcium and potassium fertilizers can be applied to the soil, which can effectively promote the rapid growth of seedlings for climbing vines, accelerate leaf growth, accumulate nutrients, and accumulate energy for flowering and fruiting.

4. Puffed melon fertilizer.

During the flowering and fruiting period of watermelon, puffed melon fertilizer can be applied, which can make the watermelon large and full, with high sweetness and rich juice. At this time, you can apply compound fertilizer based on farmhouse fertilizer, which contains more organic matter, which can promote the rapid growth of watermelon and increase the yield of watermelon field.

In different growth periods of watermelon, the fertilizer required is also different, generally nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer are mainly used in the seedling stage, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used in the vine extension stage, and phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are mainly used in the fruiting stage. For the weak growth of melon fields, more nitrogen fertilizer can be applied at the seedling stage, but nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied at the fruit development stage, so as not to reduce the quality.

Cow dung is pure and natural, take good care of it, pollinate it on time, don't let it dry, the melons grown are delicious.

Watermelon planting with organic fertilizer, such as oil residue, can make watermelon sweeter.

On the basis of the application of organic fertilizer, it is better to apply potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and calcium fertilizer. When cultivating, basal fertilizer should be applied, and rotted farmhouse fertilizer should be selected. After the seedlings are planted, they should apply seedling fertilizer, and double additives can be selected, which can promote the growth of seedlings.

When it grows to 40 cm, it is necessary to apply urea, potassium and calcium fertilizers in time to promote the rapid growth of seedlings. When it begins to bloom and bear fruit, it is necessary to apply puffed melon fertilizer, and choose compound fertilizer or farmhouse fertilizer.

Watermelon planting note:

1. Reasonable irrigation.

The watermelon in the puffing period needs enough water to grow, but the irrigation must be appropriate and even, you can irrigate once every 5-7 days, to keep the soil dry and wet, if the soil is dry and then wet, it is easy to crack the melon, so it is important to water with small water to keep the humidity uniform.

2. Reasonable fertilization.

When planting watermelon, the fertilization is too blind, the amount of fertilizer exceeds the standard, and the reasonable fertilization cannot be achieved, usually the potassium fertilizer is not enough, and the nitrogen fertilizer exceeds the standard. In addition, when fertilizing, the quick-acting fertilizer is applied excessively, and the amount of organic fertilizer is insufficient or the organic fertilizer is not used at all, so that after planting for several years, the phosphorus content in the soil exceeds the standard, and the nitrogen and potassium content is insufficient.

3. Pruning and leaving fruits.

Watermelon can be pruned in three or four vines, such as tornadoes can be pruned with three vines, and extra-large Jingfeng Mibao and Jingfeng Mibao No. 2 can be pruned with four vines, leaving 1 standard melon for each plant, preferably about 1m away from the roots.

The distance is close, the melon is small, the yield is low, and the crooked melon and excess melon should be removed. After the fruit grows to a certain size, it is necessary to turn the melon in time, pay attention to the growth direction of the watermelon, and turn one-third of the watermelon every time the melon is turned.

4. Proper ventilation.

It is necessary to grasp the ventilation time during the melon expansion period, and ventilate when the greenhouse temperature is higher than 28, and end the ventilation when the greenhouse temperature is lower than 26. Specifically, according to the growth of watermelon in the greenhouse, as well as the weather conditions outside, when the watermelon grows vigorously, the ventilation time should be extended, which can control the growth, and when the growth is weak, the ventilation time should be appropriately shortened to promote the growth.

We mainly focus on watermelons in greenhouses or small arched watermelons, and have obtained the national geographical indication trademark registration: "Guandiwa" watermelon, "Guandiwa" watermelon and melon have won the honorary title of "Yantai Top Ten Famous Melons" respectively. The watermelon is large, sweet, and has few deformities.

The yield and quality of watermelon have a lot to do with fertilization, especially the sweetness of watermelon, the amount of fertilizer applied and the type of fertilizer is a decisive factor. The yield of watermelon is higher, and the demand for fertilizer is more, and for every 1000 kg of watermelon produced, 3 kg of nitrogen is needed.

Although the fertilizer requirement of <> watermelon is relatively large, the root system itself is relatively fragile, and it is easy to burn out the root system due to excessive fertility. The whole growth process of watermelon from seedling to maturity has different degrees of change in the absorption of various fertilizers, and if you want watermelon to grow big and sweet, fertilization is a must. There are about a dozen catties of urea per acre.

And bread fat. Some animal manure is also fine. Don't covet his numbers.

The number is too small. It's best to keep one on top of one in good condition. Just keep the soil moist.

Compound fertilizer: watermelon needs the proportion of compound fertilizer for low nitrogen, phosphorus and high potassium, you can use the quality of compound fertilizer, about 70 80 kg per mu, or use a single nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, such as 20 kg of urea for nitrogen fertilizer, 80 100 kg of superphosphate for phosphate fertilizer, and 25 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu for potassium fertilizer. When we apply base fertilizer to watermelon, we mainly use well-rotted organic fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer per mu is about 4000 5000 kg, and urea is 15 20 kg, which is very suitable for changing the fertility of the soil.

I'll briefly say this, it is most appropriate to make 3,000 pounds of rotted farmhouse fertilizer per acre, so that the soil can be loose and breathable, and the organic nutrition is comprehensive, and then add watermelon special fertilizer in the later stage, so that the watermelon grows sweet and big. Home is a rural farming, there is a kind of bottom fertilizer, with some phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and wait until the watermelon seedlings grow.

Let's talk about the amount of fertilizer required during the watermelon seedling period, the watermelon absorbs all the fertilizer at this stage very small, and the nutrients in the nutrient bowl are enough for the growth of watermelon seedlings. And when the planting plot is organized, a certain amount of basic fertilizer has already been applied, so there is no need for additional fertilizer. Let's talk about the watermelon vine stretching period, for the seedlings, the amount of fertilizer required at this stage is relatively large, and the fertilizer required accounts for about 1 10 of the entire growth process.

Top dressing should be mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with some phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. When watermelons bloom, the demand for phosphate fertilizer increases significantly, which can make watermelons grow faster and prevent branches and leaves from weakening, thus increasing the probability of watermelon. When it is time to bear small watermelons, from the process of twisting and dehairing from the small melon to the beginning of the expansion of the watermelon, the nutrient demand and absorption of watermelon seedlings reach the highest peak.

Watermelon seedling stage watermelon to all the fertilizer absorption is very small, do not need additional fertilization, watermelon vine stretching, this stage of the fertilizer demand is relatively much larger, top dressing to nitrogen fertilizer-based, with some phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer use, the later stage to farm organic fertilizer mainly for fertilization.

Watermelons don't need to be fertilized regularly, and they will grow faster and better if they are kept rhythmically once a week.

1. Fertilization time: When fertilizing watermelon seedlings, you need to pay attention to the fertilization time. Generally, fertilizing watermelon seedlings needs to choose the time period when the plant grows rapidly, so fertilizing watermelon seedlings in spring needs to be carried out in the afternoon, and fertilizing watermelon seedlings in summer needs to be carried out in the morning or evening.

The configuration of culture soil is generally 50% of loamy out of the garden, 30% of 35% of decompost, 15% of fine sand, and a small amount of plant ash, or 1 2 kg of potassium sulfate per cubic meter of culture soil.

2. Fertilization method: When fertilizing watermelon seedlings, you need to choose the appropriate fertilization method. Generally, fertilizer can be added directly to the soil, waiting for the soil to be diluted and then provided to the plant, so that the plant can grow better, and at the same time, the fertilizer can be diluted and sprayed on the leaves of the plant to keep the leaves of the plant green.

Generally, 1 ton of farmhouse fertilizer is applied per 667 square meters, and then the rake is leveled after the removal of the application, and then the ditch is opened according to the row spacing, 50 70 cm wide, 25 40 cm deep, and then 1 ton of farmhouse fertilizer is applied to rent the wheel carefully, and mixed with superphosphate (containing more than 12% available phosphorus) 20 25 kg, potassium sulfate dry grams, mixed with the soil, and then covered with soil, and finally ready to plant or direct planting.

3. Fertilizer type: When fertilizing watermelon seedlings, you also need to pay attention to fertilizer selection. Generally, it can provide watermelon with nitrogen-based fertilizer to improve the growth rate of the plant, so that it can grow and mature as soon as possible, and at the same time, it can also provide nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer for the plant, so that the plant can absorb balanced nutrients and grow more vigorously.

4. The number of topdressing: the number of topdressing watermelon topdressing varies greatly according to different planting methods and regions. The number of top dressing in the northern melon area was less, and the number of forced fertilizer in the southern melon area was more. The number of early melon topdressing is less, and the number of watered melon topdressing is more.

Generally, when the seedlings grow 2 summer leaves (direct seedling) or slow seedlings (transplanting seedlings), the first late fertilizer is carried out, and an arc-shaped shallow ditch is opened at a distance of 15 cm from the seedlings, and 15 20 grams of urea are applied to each plant as a commercial fertilizer. When the melon seedlings are patted on the vines, the cake fertilizer is applied in the ditch between the plants or on the back side of the plant (in the opposite direction to the vine), 100 150 grams or 50 100 grams of ternary compound fertilizer per plant. However, when the diameter of the young fruit is l0 15 cm, urea cannot be applied alone, otherwise the quality of watermelon will be reduced. If there is no potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used, and if there is no fertilizer containing potassium nutrients, this topdressing can not be carried out.

5. Precautions: When fertilizing watermelon, you need to pay attention to the amount of fertilizer, and it is generally best to dissolve the fertilizer in clean water to avoid fertilizer damage to the plant. Once there is too much fertilization, it is necessary to immediately pour a large amount of tung water into the soil to reduce the amount of fertilizer in the soil so that the plants can resume normal growth.