Revision materials for the biology exam

The examination topics include molecules and cells, heredity and evolution, structure and function, energy and material conversion, ecology and environment, etc. It is described below.

Composition and structure of cells: Describe the basic composition of cells, including cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, etc. Cellular Function and Metabolism:

Introduce the functions of cells, such as nutrient uptake, respiration, synthesis, etc. DNA & Genes: Explain the structure and function of DNA, as well as the genetic characteristics of genes.

Basic Laws of Inheritance: Explain Mendelian laws of inheritance, including recessive and dominant genes. Molecular basis of heredity:

**Molecular mechanisms such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, and protein translation. Evidence and Mechanisms of Evolution: Explain the evidence of evolution, such as the fossil record, biogeographic distribution, etc., as well as evolutionary mechanisms such as natural selection and mutation.

Plant structure and function: Describe the structure and function of different organs of plants, such as roots, stems, leaves, etc. Animal Structure and Function:

The structure and function of various organs of Nassau animals, such as the digestive system and respiratory system. Structure and function of biomolecules: Explain the structure and function of biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Photosynthesis: Describes in detail the process of photosynthesis, including light and dark reactions. Respiration:

Describe the process and energy conversion of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Material cycle: The material cycle in the Nassau ecosystem, such as the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, etc.

Composition and characteristics of ecosystems: Describe the composition and structure of ecosystems, including biomes, biospheres, etc.

Ecological Balance and Homeostasis: Explain the concept of ecological balance and its importance, as well as the homeostasis of the Earth's ecosystem. Environmental protection and sustainable development:

**Environmental pollution, waste of resources, etc., and introduce the concept and method of sustainable development. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology: Introduces the principles and applications of genetic engineering, as well as the application of biotechnology in agriculture, medicine and other fields.

Biodiversity Conservation: Emphasizing the importance of biodiversity and introducing the measures and significance of biodiversity conservation. Disease and Immunity: Discusses common diseases, how they are transmitted, and the mechanisms of the body's immune system.

The following is a summary of the biology knowledge points of the entrance examination:

1.Organisms have a common material and structural base.

2.Structurally, with the exception of viruses, living organisms are made up of cells. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism.

3.Metabolism is a general term for the chemical changes of all the sequences in living cells, and is the basis for all life activities of living organisms.

4.Organisms are stressful and therefore able to adapt to their surroundings.

5.Organisms all have phenomena of growth, development, and reproduction. 6.The characteristics of biological inheritance and variation allow species to remain both largely stable and constantly evolving.

7.Organisms can adapt to a certain environment and can also affect the environment. Chapter 1: The Material Foundations of Life.

8.The fact that the chemical elements that make up living organisms can be found in inorganic nature, and that no chemical element is unique to the biological world, shows that the living and non-living worlds are unified.

Biology must be examined1. Viruses have a cellular structure and belong to living systems.

2. The human insulin gene is transferred to E. coli through genetic engineering, and when E. coli secretes insulin, it passes through ribosome, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus cell membrane, and synthesizes mature proteins.

3. Photosynthesis cannot occur without chloroplasts.

4. Aerobic respiration cannot be carried out without mitochondria.

5. Mitochondria can oxidize and decompose glucose into CO2 and H2O.

6. The cell membrane only contains phospholipids and does not contain cholesterol.

7. The cell membrane only contains glycoproteins, and does not contain carrier proteins and channel proteins.

8. Only chloroplasts and mitochondria can produce ATP, and the cell matrix cannot produce ATP.

9. Only animal cells have centrosomes.

10. All plant cells have chloroplasts and vacuoles.

11. Under the condition of no oxygen, ATP cannot be produced and mineral elements cannot be absorbed.

12. The measured amount of CO2 and O2 is the actual photosynthesis intensity.

13. The lower the oxygen concentration, the more conducive to the preservation of food and vegetables and the storage of seeds.

14. Creatures in the dark do not respirate cells.

15. The higher the temperature, the higher the crop yield.

16. The larger the cell, the higher the material exchange efficiency.

17. Enzymes can only catalyze in cells.

18. Cells can proliferate, replicate DNA, and mutate genes.

19. The genetic material of living things is DNA.

20. Genetic material changes during cell differentiation.

Review according to the key points drawn by the teacher There is no need to review the difficult content, it is best to look at the basic courses of biology 1, 2, and 3

It's good to read books, do questions, and find someone to help you with Shunshun knowledge points, and the test is very simple.

Be sure to grasp the basics, the teacher draws.

Look at the exercises at the back of the book.