The biology review materials at the end of the first year of high school should be detailed

1. Organisms have a common material and structural basis.

2. Structurally speaking, except for viruses, living organisms are made up of cells. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function of an organism.

3. Metabolism is a general term for the chemical changes of all the sequences in living cells, and is the basis for all life activities of living organisms.

4. The fact that the chemical elements that make up living organisms can be found in the inorganic natural world, and that no chemical element is unique to the biological world, shows that the biological and non-biological worlds are unified.

5. The fact that the content of the chemical elements that make up living organisms is very different between the contents of the ephemeral limbs in living organisms and in inorganic nature, which shows that there are still differences between the living and non-living worlds.

6. None of the compounds that make up an organism can complete a certain life activity alone, but can only be organically organized in a certain way to manifest the life phenomena of cells and organisms. The cell is the most discreet and basic structural form of these substances.

7. Lipids include fats, lipids and sterols, which are commonly found in living organisms.

The knowledge that must be memorized in the first year of high school biology is summarized as follows:

1. DNA is the substance that makes R-type bacteria produce stable genetic changes, and various traits of bacteriophages are also transmitted to offspring through DNA.

2. The genetic material of all living things is nucleic acid. The genetic material of organisms that contain both DNA and RNA and only DNA in cells is DNA, and the genetic material of a few viruses is RNA. Since the genetic material of the vast majority of organisms is DNA, DNA is the main genetic material.

3. The ever-changing order of base pairs constitutes the diversity of DNA molecules, and the specific order of base pairs constitutes the specificity of each DNA molecule. This explains the reason why organisms are diverse and specific at the molecular level.

4. The transmission of genetic information is completed through the replication of DNA molecules. The expression of genes is achieved by controlling the synthesis of proteins through DNA.

5. The unique double helix structure of DNA molecules provides a precise template for replication; Base complementation pairing ensures that replication can be carried out accurately. The proportions of the two complementary chains are reciprocal to each other. In the entire DNA molecule, the sum of purine bases = the sum of pyrimidine bases.

The proportion is the same in the entire DNA molecule as in each strand within the molecule.

6. The offspring is similar in traits to the parents, because the offspring has obtained a copy of the DNA of the parents.

7. Genes are DNA fragments with hereditary effects, genes are arranged in a straight line on chromosomes, and chromosomes are the carriers of genes.

8. Because the order of deoxynucleotides (base order) of different genes is different, therefore, different genes contain different genetic information. (i.e., the order in which the deoxynucleotides of the genes are arranged represents the genetic information).