What are the main components of a submarine?

The submarine is mainly composed of hull, control system, power plant, ** system, observation, communication, navigation and other equipment. The equipment on the submarine is mainly divided into 5 parts according to its function, namely:

1. Observation system, which is used for submarines to observe external conditions, such as radar and sonar.

2. Communication system, used for internal and external communication of submarines, such as **, towed antenna.

3. Navigation system, used for submarine navigation guidance, such as compass and inertial navigator.

4. ** system, used for combat, such as tornadoes, missiles.

5. Electromechanical system, including hull and power system.

Observation system, communication system, navigation system, ** system is usually the most concerned part, we are accustomed to the technical parameters of these four systems to evaluate the performance of the submarine, which is unscientific, in fact, the electromechanical system is the basis for the existence and normal use of the above systems, is the most important factor affecting the performance of the submarine. So let's talk about electromechanical systems with you.

The electromechanical system of a nuclear submarine usually has the following parts:

1. Reactor system. This system is the heart of the entire nuclear submarine, the power source of the entire boat. The main equipment includes: reactor, main circulation pump, related pipelines, equipment, various control and measuring instruments.

2. Two-loop system. The system is mainly responsible for converting the thermal energy generated by the nuclear reaction into mechanical energy, which is used to drive the steam turbine to generate electricity and drive the propeller to rotate. The main equipment includes steam generators, steam turbine generator sets, main steam turbine units, feed pumps, seawater pumps, shafts, seawater desalinations, related steam pipelines and valves, etc.

3. Electrical system. The system is mainly responsible for the power supply of all electrical equipment of the whole boat. The main equipment includes steam turbine generator set, main converter unit, diesel generator set, battery, switchboard, various motors, cables and related instruments.

4. Cabin system. The main functions are fire extinguishing and fire fighting of the whole boat, injection and drainage of the main water tank, hydraulic pressure, domestic garbage disposal, etc. The main equipment includes high-pressure gas station, hydraulic station, toilet, fire detection and extinguishing device, various water tanks, etc.

5. Air conditioning system. The main function is to electrolyze water to produce oxygen, purify the air, and cool the air of the whole boat. The main equipment includes refrigeration units, oxygen generators, air purification devices, ship-wide ventilation devices and related pipeline instruments

torpedo compartment, command compartment, main engine compartment (reactor compartment for nuclear submarines), auxiliary engine room, stern compartment, etc.;

2. According to the shape and structure: non-pressure-resistant hull, command station enclosure, deck, sonar shroud, propeller, bow rudder, hull rudder, stern rudder, etc.;

3. According to the use function: main power device system (nuclear submarine is a reactor device, conventional submarine is a diesel engine), emergency power system, power system, command system, torpedo system, cruise missile system, ballistic missile system, sonar system, communication system, underwater acoustic countermeasure system, control system, in-boat environmental control system, radiation protection system (nuclear submarine), life support system, etc.

It is mainly composed of hull, control system, power plant, ** system, observation, communication, navigation and other equipment. The hull is composed of pressure-resistant and non-pressure-resistant shells. The pressure-resistant shell is a steel solid shell composed of a cylinder and a truncated cylinder.

The main thing is to be able to withstand the pressure of external seawater under the water to ensure the normal work and life of the crew. The non-pressure-resistant shell is the shell that surrounds the solid shell and forms the shape of the submarine, which is generally in a good streamlined shape to reduce the drag during underwater movement and ensure good maneuverability. The main ones are ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, torpedoes and mines.

Submarines mainly include hulls, control systems, power plants, systems, navigation systems, detection systems, communication equipment, underwater acoustic countermeasure equipment, life-saving equipment and living facilities.

Hull structure: The hull of the double-hull submarine is divided into an inner shell and a shell, and the inner shell is a steel pressure-resistant hull to ensure that the submarine can withstand the hydrostatic pressure corresponding to the depth when it is active underwater; The hull is a non-pressurized hull made of steel and does not withstand seawater pressure. Between the inner shell and the shell are the main ballast water tanks and fuel tanks. Single-hull submarines only have a pressure-resistant hull, and the main ballast water tanks are arranged in a pressure-resistant hull.

A half-hulled submarine with partially non-pressure-resistant hulls on both sides of the pressure-resistant hull as the main ballast water tanks of the submarine.

The hull of the submarine is mostly streamlined (advanced submarines are generally designed to be drop-shaped or cigar-shaped) to reduce the resistance of underwater movement and ensure that the submarine has good maneuverability.

The pressure-resistant hull is usually divided into three sections: bow, amidship and stern, which are divided into 3 8 sealed cabins, which are equipped with control command positions and equipment, devices, various systems and crew living facilities, etc., to ensure the normal work, life and combat of the crew. Modern submarines are equipped with large spherical sonar base arrays and torpedo compartments in the bow section, and 4-8 torpedo tubes of 533-650mm are generally installed in the torpedo compartments. The amidships section has a pressure-resistant command room and a non-pressure-resistant water command bridge.

In the command room and its enclosure, there are periscopes, ventilation tubes, and lifting devices for antennas such as radio communications, radars, radar reconnaissance and warning receivers, and radio direction finders that can work at periscope depth. The stern section is mainly equipped with a power unit and a transmission device. Sonar arrays are generally installed on both sides of the hull.

The stern structure of submarines after World War II is roughly divided into two types, namely the stern structure and the pointed stern structure of the conventional boat type. The stern structure of the conventional type is arranged with a propeller on the left and right sides of the stern, two stern horizontal rudders behind the propellers, and a vertical rudder at the rear of the boat. Before World War II, submarines basically used this conventional stern structure.

Even in the years after World War II, submarines built by some of the world's most developed submarine countries still used conventional stern structures. For example, the American "Thorntail" class underwater high-speed submarines, the British "Ao Bailong" class, France's "Goddess" class, Japan's "Taishio" class and "Zaoshio" class, West Germany's class and class, the Soviet Union's class, class, class, class, and even the Soviet Union's first-generation nuclear submarine class all adopted the stern structure of a typical conventional boat type. The submarine type with a stern structure was originally developed by the USS Mackerel experimental submarine built by the United States in the years.

The basic arrangement of the stern structure is that the stern of the submarine is equipped with a horizontal stabilizer wing and a vertical stabilizer wing in a cross-shaped layout, with a horizontal stabilizer wing on the port side and a vertical stabilizer wing on the upper and lower sides. Each stabilizer wing has a rudder plate, while the propeller is mounted at the very end of the submarine. This pointed stern structure is often coordinated with the drop line of the submarine.

Therefore, nuclear submarines with a teardrop-shaped hull basically have a pointed stern structure. In the late decade, due to the increase in the underwater speed of conventionally powered submarines and the constraints of the severe anti-submarine technical environment, the conventionally powered submarines of many countries in the world began to adopt pointed stern structures one after another.