What is the engine system composition? What is the overall composition of the engine?

The engine is made up of seven large blocks, each with its own function. They are:

1. Body group.

1. Composition: cylinder head, cylinder block and crankcase.

2. Function: As the assembly matrix of each mechanism and system of the engine, it is the skeleton of supporting and fixing the crank connecting rod mechanism and other devices, and the relevant parts of the tractor chassis form the frame of the tractor.

Second, the crank connecting rod mechanism.

1. Composition: mainly including pistons, connecting rods, crankshafts, flywheels, etc.

2. Function: It is the engine that generates power and converts the linear reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft to output power.

3. Gas distribution mechanism and intake and exhaust system.

1. Composition: mainly including intake valves, exhaust valves, tappets, push rods, rocker arms, camshafts and camshaft timing gears (driven by crankshaft timing gears).

2. Function: make the combustible mixed gas into the cylinder in time and discharge the exhaust gas from the cylinder in time.

Fourth, the supply system and governor.

1. Composition: mainly including fuel tank, sedimentation cup, diesel filter, fuel pump, fuel injection pump and governor, etc.

2. Function: Timely, quantitatively, and under constant pressure the clean diesel is sprayed into the combustion chamber in the form of mist, and the fuel supply is automatically adjusted according to the load of the diesel engine to ensure the most economical and stable operation of the engine.

5. Starting device.

1. Composition: starter motor and its clutch mechanism, flywheel gear ring, starting switch, battery, etc.

2. Function: It is a mechanism that can smoothly detach the diesel engine from a static state to a running state and can be smoothly separated from the diesel engine as soon as it enters the running state.

6. Cooling system.

1. Composition: cooling jacket, water pump, thermostat, fan, radiator, water temperature gauge of cylinder block and cylinder head, etc.

2. Function: Disperse the heat of the heated parts into the air, delay the decline of the strength and hardness of the parts to cause deformation and damage, maintain the appropriate matching gap of the parts that match each other, avoid the deterioration of the lubricating oil by high temperature, and ensure the normal operation of the diesel engine.

7. Lubrication system.

1. Composition: mainly including oil pump, pressure limiting valve, oil filter, lubricating oil channel, etc.

2. Function: supply lubricating oil to the parts in relative motion to reduce the friction resistance between them, reduce the wear of the parts, and partially cool the friction parts and clean the friction surface.

An engine is a complex machine consisting of many mechanisms and systems. There are many structural forms of modern automobile engines, and even if they are the same type of engine, their specific structures are varied. Let's learn the overall structure of the engine with you, generally we take the general structure of the four-stroke gasoline engine to introduce, in general, the engine is composed of eight parts.

1. Body group.

The body group includes the cylinder head, the cylinder block and the oil pan. Some engines divide the cylinder block into two parts, the upper part is called the cylinder block, and the lower part is the crankcase. The role of the body group is to serve as the assembly base of each mechanism and system of the engine; And many parts of it are parts of the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism, air valve mechanism, supply system, cooling system and lubrication system.

The cylinder head and the inner wall of the cylinder block together form part of the combustion chamber and are the parts that withstand high temperature and pressure.

Second, the crank connecting rod mechanism.

The rod machine crank connecting rod mechanism includes a piston, a connecting rod, a crankshaft with a flywheel, etc. It is a mechanism that withstands high temperature and high pressure. It is a mechanism that changes the linear reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft and outputs power.

3) Gas distribution mechanism.

The valve mechanism includes intake valves, exhaust valves, broadcast arms, valve clearance adjusters, camshafts, and camshaft timing pulleys (driven by crankshaft timing pulleys). Its function is to make the combustible mixture be filled into the cylinder in time and the exhaust gas is discharged from the cylinder in time.

4) Supply system.

The supply system includes gasoline tank, gasoline pump, gasoline filter, carburetor, air filter, intake pipe, exhaust pipe, exhaust muffler, etc. Its function is to mix gasoline and air into a combustible mixture of suitable composition and supply it to the cylinder for combustion, and exhaust the exhaust gas generated by combustion out of the engine.

5) Ignition system.

The function of the ignition system is to ensure that the compressed mixture in the gas cylinder is ignited in time according to the specified time. These include batteries and generators that supply low-voltage currents, as well as distributors, ignition coils, and spark plugs.

vi) Cooling system.

Cooling systemThe cooling system mainly includes water pumps, radiators, fans, water distribution pipes, and cavities cast in the cylinder block and cylinder head. Its function is to dissipate the heat of the heated parts into the atmosphere to ensure the normal operation of the engine.

vii) Lubrication system.

Lubrication systemThe lubrication system includes an oil pump, an oil collector, a pressure limiting valve, a lubricating oil channel, an oil filter, etc., and its function is to supply the lubricating oil to the parts that move relative to each other, so as to reduce the frictional resistance between them, reduce the wear of the parts, and partially cool the friction parts and clean the friction surface.

8) Starting system.

It includes a starter and its appurtenances to start a stationary engine and turn it into self-running.

In general, the gasoline engine I commonly use at present is generally composed of the above eight systems, usually I collectively refer to the two major institutions and the Wuhan University system constitute the most important part of our cycling, the heart --- the engine.

Crank linkage mechanism, valve mechanism, fuel supply system, lubrication system, cooling system, ignition system, starting system.

Diesel engine: two major mechanisms: crank connecting rod mechanism (body group, piston connecting rod group, crankshaft flywheel group).

Four major systems of valve train (valve group, valve transmission group):

Starting system (starter, battery, etc.).

Supply system (fuel supply system, air supply system, exhaust system, sensors, etc.)

Lubrication systems (oil pumps, oil filters, pressure limiting valves, etc.).

Cooling system (water cooling: pumps, fans, radiators, sensors, etc.).

Gasoline engine: two major mechanisms: crank connecting rod mechanism (body group, piston connecting rod group, crankshaft flywheel group).

Valve train (valve train, valve train train).

Five systems: starting system (starter, battery, etc.).

Supply system (fuel supply system, air supply system, exhaust system, sensors, etc.)

Ignition system (ignition module, ignition coil, high-voltage wire, spark plug, sensor, etc.).

Lubrication systems (oil pumps, oil filters, pressure limiting valves, etc.).

Cooling system (water cooling: pumps, fans, radiators, sensors, etc.).

The engine consists of the following 7 parts:

1.Crank connecting rod mechanism: connecting rod, crankshaft, bearing, flywheel, piston, piston ring, piston pin, crankshaft oil seal;

2.Valve mechanism: cylinder head, valve chamber cover, camshaft, valve, intake manifold, exhaust manifold, air filter, muffler, three-way catalysis.

3.Cooling system: generally composed of water tank, water pump, radiator, fan, thermostat, water temperature meter and water discharge switch;

4.Lubrication system: The engine lubrication system consists of oil pump, filter, oil filter, oil channel, pressure limiting valve, oil gauge, pressure plug and oil dipstick.

5.Fuel system: The fuel system of gasoline engine consists of gasoline tank, gasoline gauge, gasoline pipe, gasoline filter, gasoline pump, carburetor, air filter, inlet.

In terms of its overall function, the engine is basically composed of two major mechanisms: crank connecting rod mechanism and valve mechanism; Five major systems: starting system, fuel supply system, ignition system, lubrication system, cooling system.

The following is a brief introduction to the composition and function of each institution and system:

1. Crank connecting rod mechanism.

It is mainly composed of three parts: cylinder block and crankcase group, piston connecting rod group and crankshaft flywheel group.

Function: Convert the heat energy generated during fuel combustion into the mechanical energy of the reciprocating motion of the piston, and then convert the reciprocating motion of the piston into the rotary motion of the crankshaft through the connecting rod to output power to the outside world.

2. a gas distribution mechanism.

It is mainly composed of intake valves, exhaust valves, tappets, rocker arms, camshaft timing gears, etc.

Function: make the combustible mixture into the cylinder in time, and discharge the exhaust gas from the cylinder in time.

3. Starting system.

It is mainly composed of a starter and its attachments.

Function: Start the stationary engine and turn it into normal operation.

4. Fuel supply system.

It is mainly composed of gasoline tank, gasoline pump, gasoline filter, air filter, intake pipe, exhaust pipe, exhaust muffler, etc.

Function: Mix gasoline and air into a suitable combustible mixture into the cylinder for combustion, and exhaust the exhaust gas generated by combustion is discharged from the engine.

5. Ignition system.

It is mainly composed of batteries, generators, power breakers (combined with power distribution devices and other component electrical appliances), ignition coils, spark plugs, etc.

Function: Ensure that the compressed mixture in the gas cylinder is ignited in time at the specified time.

6. Lubrication system.

It is mainly composed of oil pump, filter collector, pressure limiting valve, lubricating oil channel, oil primary filter, oil fine filter, oil cooler, etc.

Function: The lubricating oil is sent to the surface of the parts in relative motion at a certain pressure to reduce the frictional resistance between them, reduce the wear between the parts, and at the same time play the role of cooling the friction parts and cleaning the surface of the friction parts.

7. Cooling system.

It is mainly composed of water pumps, radiators, fans, water distribution pipes, cylinder block drain valves, cylinder blocks and cavities (water jackets) cast in the cylinder head.

Function: Dissipate the heat of the heated parts into the atmosphere to ensure the normal operation of the engine.

Most of the engines of modern automobiles are mixed with gasoline or diesel and air to burn directly inside the cylinder, and the expansion pressure of the combustion gas is used to push the machine to run and generate power, so it is called an internal combustion engine.

The gasoline engine consists of two mechanisms and 5 systems. (1) Crankshaft connecting rod mechanism. The crankshaft connecting rod mechanism is a mechanism that generates and outputs power, which is composed of the main parts such as the body, piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, and flywheel.

The body is the basic skeleton of the engine, which contains the combustion chamber and cylinder barrel, which stores the combustible mixture and provides space for piston movement; The exterior is equipped with a variety of accessories. The piston and connecting rod are used to withstand the gas pressure, push the crankshaft to rotate to do work, and cooperate with the crankshaft flywheel to complete three auxiliary strokes. The crankshaft and flywheel turn the force transmitted from the connecting rod into rotational torque, which is transmitted to the transmission device through the flywheel, and at the same time drives the water pump, generator and other accessories to work.

2. a gas distribution mechanism. According to the work sequence of the engine and the requirements of the working cycle of each cylinder, the intake and exhaust valves are opened and closed in time, so that the combustible mixture can enter the cylinder in time and the exhaust gas is discharged.

The valve mechanism is generally composed of valves, valve springs, valve guides, valve seat inserts, rocker arms, rocker arm shafts, push rods, tappets and camshafts. (3) Fuel system. According to the requirements of different working conditions of the engine, the fuel and air are prepared into a certain proportion of combustible mixture, which is supplied to the cylinder for combustion work, and the exhaust gas after combustion is discharged.

The carburetor fuel supply system is composed of fuel tank, gasoline pump, gasoline filter, carburetor, air filter, intake and exhaust pipe and other main parts. The fuel supply system of the EFI engine is different from the above in that the carburetor is eliminated and the electronically controlled fuel injection system is used. (4) Lubrication system.

The main function of the lubrication system is to reduce the wear and tear of the engine. The engine lubrication system is composed of the main components such as oil pump, filter, pressure limiting valve and oil pressure gauge.

5) Cooling system. The function of the cooling system is to use cooling water or air to forcibly cool the engine heating parts, and control the temperature of the engine in the most favorable working range. The cooling system is usually composed of the main components such as a water pump, cooling radiator, fan, thermostat and water temperature gauge.

6) Ignition system. The function of the ignition system is to turn the low-voltage electricity of the battery or engine into high-voltage electricity, and according to the working order of the engine, take turns to break through the spark plug gap in each cylinder to generate electric sparks and ignite the combustible mixture. The ignition system consists of an ignition coil, a distributor, a capacitor, a spark plug, an ignition switch, etc.

7) Starting system. The function of the starting system is to drive the crankshaft to rotate, so that the engine can enter the normal working state. The starting system is composed of a DC motor, a transmission mechanism, a control mechanism, etc.

The engine is composed of two major mechanisms, the crank connecting rod mechanism and the valve mechanism, and five major systems: cooling, lubrication, ignition, oil supply, and starting system. The working principle of the engine is to enter the mold to resist air - compression - fuel injection - combustion - expansion work - exhaust. Here's how the engine works:

1.In the intake stroke, the working fluid entering the cylinder is pure air. Due to the lower resistance of the intake system of the diesel engine, the terminal pressure of the intake air = (higher than that of the gasoline engine.

The final temperature of the intake air is ta=300 340K, which is lower than that of the gasoline engine; 2.Compression stroke. Since the compressed working fluid is pure air, the pressure resistance ratio of diesel engines is higher than that of gasoline engines (generally =16 22).

The pressure at the end of compression is 3000 5000kpa, and the temperature at the end of compression is 750 1000k, which significantly exceeds the autoignition temperature of diesel (about 520k). 3.Work stroke:

When the compression stroke is nearing the end, under the action of the high-pressure oil pump, the diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder combustion chamber through the injector at a high pressure of about 10MPa, and it is immediately ignited and burned after mixing with air in a short time. The gas pressure in the cylinder rises rapidly, up to 5000 9000 kPa, and the maximum temperature reaches 1800 2000 kPa. Diesel engines are called compression-ignition engines because they are spontaneously ignited by compression.

4.Exhaust stroke: The exhaust of the diesel engine is basically the same as that of the gasoline engine, but the exhaust temperature is lower than that of the gasoline engine.

tr=700 900k in general. For single-cylinder engines, their rotational speed is uneven, the engine works unsmoothly, and the vibration is large. This is because only one of the four strokes does work, and the other three strokes are all strokes that consume power and are ready to do work.