Do haploid and polyploid breeding processes require plant tissue culture techniques?

Haplotypes are usually cultured in vitro with anthers, a process that must be undertaken. Polyploids do not need to be cultivated, such as seedless watermelons, which do not use plant tissue culture technology throughout the process, and it uses chromosomal variation. First, chromosome doubling with colchicine is used to obtain tetraploids, and then tetraploid plants are crossed with diploid plants to obtain triploid plants that cannot produce seeds, and it is completed.

Plant tissue culture techniques (anther in vitro) are required in haplospecies

Multi-sport species are not required.

Mutagenesis breeding:

Excellent: Good traits that can be inherited.

Deficiency: low frequency of beneficial mutants produced by mutagenesis; It is difficult to effectively control the direction and nature of variation.

Cross-breeding: Excellent: It is possible to concentrate two or more excellent traits together.

Deficiency: No new genes will be produced, and the hybrid offspring will have trait segregation, and the breeding process is slow and complex.

Haplotype Sport:

Excellent: It can increase the frequency of variation, accelerate the breeding process, and greatly improve some traits; Wide range of variation: there is little favorable variation, and a large amount of material must be processed; The direction and nature of mutagenesis cannot be controlled. The effect of improving quantitative traits was poor.

Multiple Sports:

Excellent: The stalk is stout.

The leaf fruit species is relatively large.

It is high in sugars, proteins, etc.

Deficiency: Generally late maturation, affecting fertility.

Genetically engineered breeding.

Excellent: Overcoming the incompatibility barrier of distant hybridization and directional change of biological traits: it may cause ecological crisis and technical difficulty.

Cell engineering breeding.

Excellent: no species restrictions, according to human needs, purposefully shortage: may cause ecological crisis, high technology, fine operation.

The advantage of haplotype breeding is that the breeding period is significantly shortened (generally two to three years), and the disadvantage is that the technology is complex and the cost is large.

The advantages of polyploids are large fruits, thick stems, and high organic matter content, while the disadvantages are general late-maturing cell engineering; Divided into plant tissue culture and plant somatic cell hybridization, the advantages of plant tissue culture are rapid propagation, cultivation of virus-free plants, and the production of drugs, food additives, spices, pigments and pesticides through large-scale plant cell culture. The disadvantage is that the cost is large and there is a certain scale.

The advantage of plant somatic cell hybridization is to overcome the obstacle of incompatibility of plant distant hybridization, and the disadvantage is that the technology is complex.

The principle is chromosomal variation, haploid varieties are cultured in vitro with anthers, and polyploid species are treated with colchicine or low temperature plant seedlings.

It can reflect the totipotency of the copy cell.

Analysis: Totipotency: refers to the fact that highly differentiated cells still have the potential to develop into complete individuals, which is called the omnipotency of cells.

Haploid plants are cultured in vitro with anthers, dedifferentiated or dedifferentiated to form callus, and redifferentiated to form haploid plants. This process is called in vitro culture of anthers. It has shown the totipotency of the cell.

Then let colchicine treatment, you can get fertile plants, called haplotype sports species.

Yes, haplotypes should be cultured in vitro for pollen cells, which reflects the totipotency of pollen cells.

<> haplotype species can be divided into two steps, the first step is to culture anthers in vitro, and the second step is to treat them with colchicine to double the chromosome set and restore the crop to normal chromosome count. Therefore, in the process of haplogenesis, the haploid is obtained after the first step, and after the second step, the obtained is generally diploid or polyploid (specifically several ploids, depending on the original chromosome set of the crop). The principle of haplotype is chromosomal variation.

1. The plants obtained by haplotype sports species are several ploids

1. Haploid species are divided into two steps, the first step is to use plant tissue culture technology to induce haploid plants, such as anther in vitro culture. The second step is to double the chromosome set by some means to restore the crop to a normal number of chromosomes, such as colchicine. Therefore, in the haplotype breeding process, the first step is obtained as haploid, and after the second step, the result is generally diploid or polyploid (specifically several ploids, depending on the original chromosome set of the crop).

2. If the organism is directly developed from gametes, it is called haploid regardless of how many chromosome sets are in the somatic cell. For example, the haplolosome obtained by a hexaploid crop after in vitro culture of anthers is still called haploid rather than triploid, although its somatic cells contain three chromosome sets.

3. If the organism has a zygote (zygote) developed, it is judged according to the number of chromosomes in its somatic cells, and how many chromosomes are in the somatic cells, that is, how many ploidies.

4. A diploid must be haploid, but a haploid is not necessarily a diploid.

Second, the principle of haplotype sports chazhao hall

1. The principle of haplotype is chromosomal variation.

2. Haploid refers to an organism with a somatic chromosome number of gametes of the species.

3. The offspring bred by haplotype breeding species are generally homozygous diploid, with unseparated traits and consistent performance, which can shorten the breeding period.

4. If the parents are polyploid, after the haploid plant is doubled, the offspring may be heterozygous, but the plants obtained by normal diploid plants through haploid sports varieties are generally homozygous offspring.