Ask some questions about European history, a little about European history

The problem is indeed too big!

In terms of ethnicity, there are Phoenicians, Hebrews, and Akkadians, which were the first humans to be in the Two Rivers civilization. The evolution is very complicated, and there is also the issue of national integration!

If you are majoring in history, you should have it in the textbook.

That's a long history! The ancestors of our modern people are all from Africa, like the Peking people and the cave people in China, and the early inhabitants of Europe have not survived!

For such a complex issue, the score given is too low.

For such a complex problem, the score given is too low, I am too lazy to help you find it.

The periods in European history are roughly divided into Antiquity: from the Stone Age, through the Egyptian, Greek, and Roman empires, to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Historians generally believe that the fall of the Western Roman Empire symbolized the decline of ancient European culture and the return of Europe into the Middle Ages.

Medieval History: The Middle Ages in Europe are known as the Medieval Dark Ages, which are generally believed to have begun with the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD and lasted for a thousand years, until.

Ten. The Renaissance began and ended in the 5th and 16th centuries. There are two years that are considered the end of the Middle Ages: 1

The year 1453 was the year the Turks captured Constantinople and destroyed the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire, which was also the year of the end of the Hundred Years' War between England and France. 2.In 1492 AD, Columbus discovered the New World of America, and at the same time, Spain eliminated the last ** power in the south, and completely drove the ** power from Western Europe.

Other historians believe that the Middle Ages did not have any definite end year, but not later than 1500. Modern European History: In fact, there are several key years in European history that are considered the beginning of modern history:

1.The year 1453 was the year of the fall of Byzantium and the end of the Hundred Years' War. 2.

The year 1492 AD, as mentioned above, is the year of Columbus's discovery of America. 3.In 1648, the Chinese New Year's Eve of the War of Religion ended, and since then, the relations between European countries have shifted from the core of religious issues to the core of national jujube and national interests, and entered modern international relations.

4.The French Revolution broke out in 1789, but many historians believe that this year was the beginning of modern European history.

From the middle to late Ming Dynasty, European and East Asian civilizations became more and more prosperous.

From the 10th century onwards, Arabia also began to develop. Didn't you hit Austria before?

The Ottoman Empire was also prosperous for a certain period of time, and then gradually declined. People become unenterprising, greedy for enjoyment or something. So European capitalism took advantage of the situation and went into ruin.

The so-called "developed Europe" refers to the western part of Europe, so although the Ottomans were very close to Europe, they were only close to the less developed Eastern Europe, so.

In Asia, China was closed off from the rest of the world, and so was Japan. The rest of the countries are vassals or something, and they won't be affected much. At that time, there was a colony or something.

It's not that civilization is regressing, it's just that it can't move in the direction of progress for various reasons.

During the Qing Dynasty, due to the isolation of China and the industrial revolution in European countries, the industrial revolution was a rapid development in industry. And the degree of civilization is so much worse because Britain and other countries were in the Renaissance, and those scientists improved science and technology and civilization. In World War II and World War I, Britain was only grabbing the advanced ** of the weak countries at that time, while the United States and the Soviet Union were all competing for talents.

Because the United States and the Soviet Union had many talents, it was the world that fought at that time. Since it was there, Britain and other countries were also invading and other countries were taking possession of them. And killing the local people, and in order to make a lot of money in their own country, they buy raw materials cheaply from those areas, sell them to make huge profits, and make huge profits from them, because those countries are economically backward.

In Asia, Japan was the first to follow the example of Europe and other countries, but this is the case for the sake of time.

The world began to be in frequent contact after the opening of new shipping routes, and before that the world was very closed, and the population was very small, and people were very afraid of the ignorance of the world. A long time ago, different languages and writings and beliefs were formed in the world, and the worldviews of the people who followed were also different, and the historical development of countries and regions was affected by various factors such as productive forces, production relations, geographical environment, economy, culture, politics, etc., although civilizations will be integrated with each other, but one civilization cannot be the same as another civilization.

As we all know, Europe was more advanced than us during the Qing Dynasty, and we were also communicating with Europe, but we were still lagging behind, because the exchanges here were between the colonial lords and the colonies. In the same way, at that time, of course, Europe did not want other countries to rise, so it invaded other countries and did not let them develop, such as the Middle Eastern countries and Arab countries that you mentioned, so it also led to such a large civilizational gap in one region.

The development of Europe began after the Industrial Revolution in Britain, and what was our Asia doing at this time? Let's talk about the three countries in East Asia, the Qing Dynasty of China, which is gradually declining, and the ** department is becoming more and more corrupt! Japan, still under the rule of the shogunate!

The Korean state is still a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty! At this time, Britain in Western Europe has begun the wave of the industrial revolution, the social productive forces are rising sharply, and several countries with more advanced ideas in Europe have also entered the wave of the industrial revolution, but many countries are still monarchies, so there are still constraints, and later Germany was still a lot of small countries at that time, among which there was Prussia as we know it later! Although the GDP of the Qing Dynasty was still the first in the world at that time, it is undeniable that the policy was the first in the world!

So Europe is more advanced than Asia in terms of its level of industrialization, the degree of use of machinery, one is an industrial country, the other is a country dominated by handicrafts and agriculture, who do you say will win the war? Although it is a long journey, but the advanced equipment, and the backwardness of the concept is the main thing that Asia lags behind Europe, it can be said that if Asia can enter industrialization with Europe, then now we Asia is now the United States and the European Union!

Personally, I have always felt that the accumulation of civilization is absolutely related to the geographical situation, that is, geographical reasons. Compare East and West. First of all, let's talk about the East, we are an obvious agrarian civilization, you farm, who taught you.

Your dad teaches you, and your dad teaches your dad. The Oriental land is vast and rich, it has always been a natural farming civilization, relatively closed, because it is a kind of ability inherited from ancestors, so Oriental people have the concept of obedience in their bones. This is the reason why democracy in the entire East is not as good as that of the West, which continues to this day, and the Chinese are troubled if they do not shout "long live" for three days.

And the West is the most obvious maritime civilization, the place where wine is produced in France, there are only grapes, he can't eat grapes for a lifetime, there needs to be exchange, there must be an exchange of commodity society, and a commodity society must be ahead of the natural economy and agricultural civilization. I have been near the Mediterranean Sea, it is not the sea at all, the wind is calm, and a person paddled a small sampan. Due to the topography, the West has been an open maritime civilization since ancient times, while in the East, only the Pacific Ocean on the east side can go out, and the ancient navigation technology is not up to the requirements.

In short, the so-called gap between civilizations is caused by geography. It is the gap between agricultural civilization and marine civilization.

Apparently not. The first of the two existed in the Roman Empire.

The Roman Empire is generally divided into two phases: the early empire (27-192 BC) and the later empire (193-476). The early empire reached its peak through the Julia Claudius dynasty, the Flavian dynasty, and the Antonine dynasty (the era of the Five Sages). The country is stable and the society is prosperous, which is called the ** period of Rome.

The later empire began in the third century, through the Illyrian emperors, the four emperors of Diocletian, the empire of Constantine the Great, and finally after the death of Theodosius I, the empire was formally divided into two parts (395). The West declined amid internal and external troubles, and in 476 Odoacer deposed the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus, and the Western Roman Empire fell. The Eastern Empire was destroyed by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, and historians refer to the Eastern Roman Empire as the Byzantine Empire.

The Western Roman Empire existed for 503 years, while the Eastern Roman Empire survived for more than 10 centuries. The Roman Empire was a slave state, while the Holy Roman Empire was a feudal state that emerged later. In 962, Otto I, King of East Francia and of Saxony, was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope John XII, and reigned in 973, becoming the guardian of Rome and the supreme ruler of the Roman Catholic world.

In 1157, the empire received the title of "Holy Empire". In 1254, the Empire first began to use the title "Holy Roman Empire", which was the official name until 1806.

The full name is the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation or the Holy Roman Empire of the Germanic Peoples, a feudal empire in Western and Central Europe from 962 to 1806. In the early days, it was a unified state, and after the Middle Ages, it evolved into a number of political associations that recognized the supreme authority of the emperor, such as principalities, princely states, ear states, religious aristocratic domains, and free cities.

The French writer Voltaire once said of it: "It is neither sacred, nor Roman, nor empire." This also reflects the fact that the Holy Roman Empire did not have orthodox roots and names in history, and had almost nothing to do with the former Roman Empire.

Roman Empire 27 BC - 476 Holy Roman Empire 962 - 1806

The empire of the Norse Germanic peoples.

1. The evolution of French is a mixture of various languages, first the ontology is Roman Latin, mixed with Gallic and Celtic (the languages of the two major peoples in the Gallic region in the Roman era), and then with the conquest of the Germanic people (Vendall, Franks, etc.) and then mixed into Germanic languages, and finally standardized and unified in the era of Charlemagne, becoming French.

2. From the earliest times, present-day France was inhabited by the Gallic and Celtic peoples (strictly speaking, the Gauls should also be regarded as a branch of the Celts), and then assimilated by the Romans, and then by the Franks. As for the Normans, it was at a later age that they invaded France and were eventually assimilated.

3. As mentioned above, French culture has experienced a Celtic-Roman-Frankish triple overlay mixture.

4. The original meaning of the so-called Romance branch is "the way of the Romans" - as the name suggests, that is, the language of the Romans, Latin. To be precise, all the languages derived from Classical Latin, and the people who use them are the "European Latins" in the traditional sense, that is, the non-Germanic "barbarians" of Western Europe.