What are the characteristics of dysfunction in cardiovascular disease?

There are many types of cardiovascular diseasesIn general, cardiovascular diseases mainly include coronary heart disease, coronary heart disease includes angina, including unstable angina and stable angina, and then myocardial infarction, including acute myocardial infarction, old myocardial infarction. Acute myocardial infarction includes acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and acute ST-segment non-elevation myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, asymptomatic myocardial ischemia, and sudden death coronary heart disease.

In addition, cardiovascular diseases include various cardiomyopathies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, tachycardia cardiomyopathy, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, and perinatal cardiomyopathy; It also includes various heart valve diseases, including rheumatic valvular heart disease, congenital heart valve disease; It also includes congenital heart disease, such as patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect; It also includes various arrhythmias, atrial arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, etc.; Cor pulmonale is also included.

In addition, cardiovascular diseases caused by some other diseases, such as hyperthyroid heart disease, anemia cardiomyopathy, and hypertensive heart disease, are all cardiovascular diseases.

What is cardiovascular disease in the broadest sense? And what does it include?

Cardiovascular disease is a group of diseases that involve the circulatory system. It mainly consists of the blood vessels of the heart. It is divided into acute and chronic. In the daily diet, it should be low in salt and fat. Proper exercise.

Cardiovascular diseases include heart disease and cardiovascular diseases, and the common ones are myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, congenital heart disease, heart valve disease, hypertension, etc., which belong to cardiovascular diseases, and there will be a variety of manifestations, such as chest tightness, and dizziness, and angina

There are many symptoms of cardiovascular disease, mainly including palpitations, pain in the precordial area, dyspnea, symptoms of autonomic nervous dysfunction, poor breathing, chest tightness, cold hands and feet, etc., and may also carry complications, including insomnia, dreaminess, irritability, irritability, loss of appetite, dizziness, tinnitus, etc., patients who want to be diagnosed with cardiovascular disease should go to the hospital in time to prevent misunderstandings.

1. Coronary heart disease: angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure and sudden death.

2. Stroke: cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction, stroke morbidity and mortality currently occupy the first place in geriatric diseases, even if they survive the disease, there are about 80% of the painful sequelae such as cerebral palsy, aphasia, dysphagia, dementia, etc. It affects the patient's life and brings great harm to the patient, his family and the society.

3. Hypertension: Hypertension patients have long-term and continuous blood pressure increases, which affects the patient's work and quality of life, and more seriously, it is the main culprit of damage to important organs such as heart, brain and kidney.

1.Hypertension.

Long-term high blood pressure can thicken or stiffen the walls of the arteries and narrow the lumen, which in turn affects the blood supply to the heart and brain. High blood pressure can increase the workload of the heart and predispose to left ventricular hypertrophy, which further leads to hypertensive heart disease and heart failure. When blood pressure rises suddenly, cerebral blood vessels are prone to rupture and cerebral hemorrhage occurs; or the hardened arterioles form a chestnut-sized microaneurysm, which ruptures when the blood fluctuates and causes intracerebral hemorrhage; Or high blood pressure accelerates the process of arteriosclerosis, arterial endothelial cells are damaged, platelets are easy to accumulate in the wound, and thrombosis is easy to form, causing myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction.

2.The blood is thick.

The pace of modern life is tense, the pressure of family and career is increasing, and people's emotions are becoming more and more unstable; At the same time, excessive drinking, intake of too much food and fat, lack of necessary exercise, coupled with the pollution of the living environment, the content of negative ions in the air drops sharply, and the negative ions in the body are insufficient, these factors directly lead to the slowdown of human metabolism, the blood flow rate will slow down, and the blood viscosity will increase rapidly, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the heart and brain, if not prevented and conditioned in time, it will cause coronary heart disease, hypertension, cerebral thrombosis and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

3.Smoking. Smokers have a much higher incidence than non-smokers, and among those who smoke more than 20 cigarettes a day, the incidence of coronary heart disease is twice that of non-smokers, the mortality rate of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease is 6 times that of non-smokers, and the incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage is 3 times that of non-smokers. Among the risk factors for cerebral infarction, smoking is the first. Nicotinine can increase the content of adrenaline in plasma, promote platelet aggregation and endothelial cell contraction, and cause an increase in blood viscosity factors.

4.Abnormal metabolism of vascular wall smooth muscle cells.

Vascular tissue, like other tissues in the human body, completes metabolism in a certain cycle. In the process of metabolism of smooth muscle cells in the blood vessel wall, if the new cell tissue cannot be formed normally, so that the blood vessel wall itself has a "defect", it is easy to make the vasomotor unsmooth, just like a tattered old pipe, which may be blocked or ruptured at any time. Blood vessels are important channels for blood circulation, and they are also innervated by the nervous system, so abnormal nervous system can also lead to blood supply disorders.

Therefore, the causes of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are multifaceted.

5.Binge drinking. There is a direct dose-related effect of alcohol intake on hemorrhagic stroke. People who consume more than 50 grams of alcohol per day are at increased risk of myocardial infarction. Long-term heavy alcohol consumption can increase platelets in the blood, which in turn leads to poor blood flow regulation, arrhythmia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, making cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases more likely to occur.

Drinking a small amount of alcohol is beneficial, and drinking a lot of alcohol is harmful.

6.Diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for heart disease or ischemic stroke, and as diabetes progresses, various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications will gradually appear, such as coronary atherosclerosis, cerebral infarction, and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the lower limbs.

7.Other. For example, obesity, insulin resistance, age, gender (male incidence is higher than female), race, genetics, etc. are all risk factors associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

1. Unhealthy diet: Now that the living conditions are better, people eat a lot of high-fat and high-calorie foods every day, which leads to overweight and high blood pressure. In addition, the daily diet is not balanced, lack of protein and dietary fiber, fish protein and soy protein have the effect of reducing the occurrence of stroke, and dietary fiber has a good preventive effect on hypertension.

Consuming too much salt is also bad for the body, and eating too much salt can lead to high blood pressure. From this point of view, we should pay attention to the combination of diet in life, properly arrange fish protein or soy protein and high-fiber foods, and eat less salt.

2. Lack of proper exercise: Many office workers in the city sit at their desks all day long, and lack of exercise leads to poor digestive function, resulting in fat accumulation, weight gain and many cardiovascular diseases. Exercising properly every day will burn off excess fat in your body, boost your metabolism, and make your body healthier.

3. Tobacco and alcohol: Studies have proved that smoking is a very important factor in cardiovascular disease, nicotine and other harmful substances in tobacco will harm people's health, and smokers are more likely to cause myocardial infarction. Excessive alcohol consumption can cause people to suffer from irregular heartbeat, and even if it is just excessive drinking, drinking alcohol every day will also consume the body's stored potassium and magnesium, thus causing irregular heartbeat.

For the sake of your health, try to stay away from tobacco and alcohol.

4. Excessive pressure: Young people's work pressure is too great, which also has an impact on the body, always living under high-pressure work intensity, people's spirit is highly stressed, and the body has been running non-stop, which has great damage to the heart and brain. Therefore, we should combine work and rest, relax after work, and let the body function get a better rest, so that we can operate better.

Most cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases** are not completely understood. What is now known is that there may be a relationship with multiple risk factors, and that it may be the result of the interaction of multiple risk factors, and that the disease itself is causal to each other.

These risk factors include: age, genetic factors, hypertension, diabetes, lipid metabolism disorders, atherosclerosis, smoking, and environmental pollution

It is more common in people over 50 years of age or postmenopausal, but there is a trend towards younger people (i.e., more and more young patients).

Genetic factors: Patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in their relatives, especially those with relatives who have developed the disease at a young age, have a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In medicine, there is a factor in the development of the disease at a younger age in a relative, which is called"Family history of early-onset cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases"。

The age criteria for the early onset of different cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are different, and the standard for most diseases is that the age of onset is less than 55 years old in men and less than 65 years old in women.

High blood pressure: Studies have shown that high blood pressure is a very important risk factor for this type of disease. Patients with hypertension are likely to develop cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, and cerebral infarction.

Diabetes: People with diabetes are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Because elevated blood sugar can cause damage to blood vessels and nerves throughout the body, and increase the risk of death in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Abnormal lipidemia: There are a large number of people with abnormal lipid metabolism in China, and elevated blood lipids will increase the possibility of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Smoking: Medical studies have shown that smoking is a very important risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and people who smoke are 2 to 3 times more likely to suffer from cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases than non-smokers.

Overweight, obesity: Weighing more than 10% of normal weight is called overweight, and more than 20% of normal weight is called obesity. Being overweight and obese increases the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Poor diet: Poor diet increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. There are many cases of unreasonable diet, to give some typical examples:

1. Diet high in sodium and low in potassium, such as eating too many pickled pickles, kimchi, hot pot, etc.;

2. High-sugar diet, such as cakes, desserts, sugary drinks, etc.;

3 In addition, not liking vegetables and fruits will lead to vitamin and folic acid deficiencies, and large fish and meat at every meal will cause overnutrition.

4 Other causes include heavy alcohol consumption, environmental pollution, psychosocial stress, lack of exercise, etc.

As people's living standards become higher and higher, many people suffer from cardiovascular diseases, but in fact, these diseases are mainly caused by unhealthy lifestyles. Moreover, there are many types of cardiovascular diseases, such as high blood pressure and coronary heart disease, which will have a great impact on the body. So what are the causes of cardiovascular disease?

Let's find out.

01 Long-term lack of exercise, if there is a long-term lack of exercise, it will lead to blockage of blood vessels, and it will not be able to better discharge the garbage in the blood vessels, which will lead to the accumulation of excessive cholesterol and fat in the body, which will eventually make the blood become thicker and dirtier, and eventually block the blood vessels and suffer from cardiovascular disease.

02 Sad face every day, according to research, if you can maintain a good attitude every day, this can reduce the risk of heart disease. Of course, if you are sad every day, you will always be in such a pessimistic mood, which will increase the risk of heart disease.

03 Drink less water, according to research, if you drink less water every day, it is likely to induce cardiovascular disease, if you can drink more than five glasses of water a day, the chance of cardiovascular disease is much lower. The main reason is that it is often in a state of dehydration, which can cause the blood to become very viscous, which can lead to cardiovascular disease.

04 If you stay up late for a long time, you are likely to suffer from a heart attack, because when you stay up late, it will cause the body to secrete more adrenaline, etc., which will cause the speed of blood flow to become slower and slower, and the blood vessels will also contract, which will eventually cause the blood to become thicker and thicker, and the toxins and garbage in the blood will become more and more, and eventually a heart attack will occur.

05 If you eat too much at three meals, it will cause the stomach wall to expand, and the pressure in the lungs will become higher and higher, which will increase the cardiometabolism and eventually induce myocardial infarction. It is recommended that when you usually eat, it is best not to be too full at each meal, generally speaking, seven or eight minutes full is enough.

06 I like to eat barbecue, because barbecue is made by high-temperature barbecue, if you eat barbecue food for a long time, there will be some kind of ingredient in this food, which will lead to more blood compounds in the body, it is precisely because of this compound that the elasticity of cells will become less and less, and you may also suffer from heart disease.

07 Long-term smoking, if you smoke for a long time, it is very likely that there will be atherosakura, because cigarettes contain nicotine and other harmful ingredients, if they enter the body, it will cause the fat metabolism in the blood to be affected, and the elasticity of blood vessels will be destroyed, and eventually there will be diseases such as atherosa and thrombosis.

08 The amount of vegetables and fruits is not enough, if you often don't like to eat vegetables and fruits, this will lead to insufficient vitamin C intake in the body, which will lead to damage to blood vessels, and will also cause shorter lifespan, it is recommended to consume enough vitamin C content every day, almost controlled at about 300 grams.