Did the Sui Dynasty have earrings, and what were the cultural characteristics of the Sui Dynasty

China has had such ornaments since very ancient times. So the Sui Dynasty should have it.

Ear piercing is used to hang earrings on the ears, earrings, earrings, earrings, etc. Everyone has a love for beauty, and the ancients did the same or more. Archaeologists have found necklaces made of shells in the ruins of the cave people in Beijing, who are 18,000 years old and are still in the early stage of the matriarchal clan society, the consumption materials are very scarce, and the human life is very difficult, and they still do not forget to dress themselves.

At this time, although earrings, earrings, earrings and other earrings have not been found, it is estimated that the appearance of earrings will not be too late. In 1979, archaeologists excavated a copper earring in the ancient cultural site of Wei County, Hebei Province, which is the earliest earring object seen so far, its shape is very simple, only bent with a thicker copper wire. The age of this site is equivalent to the Xia Dynasty in history, about 4,000 years ago.

Therefore, it is estimated that the Chinese should wear ear piercing and earrings slightly earlier, about 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, that is, during the patrilineal clan commune.

No. Because at that time, the body was skinny, and the concept of parents was very popular, and piercing ears was harmful to the body, so there were no earrings.

Earrings, ornaments made of metal or jade to wear on the earlobes.

Earrings worn on the earlobes. The shapes are rich, and the wearing is mainly for women, but some men also wear it. There are usually 3 ways to wear it:

Piercing ear holes; Clamp the earlobe with a reed; or fastened with screws. It is generally made of gold and silver, but there are also pendants inlaid with jewels or hanging jewels. In modern times, earrings made of plastic or materials such as marble and ceramics are also popular, and are generally used to match clothing.

To a certain extent, earrings can show a certain custom, faith, status, wealth, etc.

There should have been in the Sui Dynasty.

Of course, in ancient China, whether it was "Zhu of the East China Sea" or "Zhu of the North Sea", the residents of the country of Dan Ear all wore ear piercings and earrings. The shape of the earrings is also varied, ranging from jade earrings to serpentine earrings made of jade or metal.

During the Sui Dynasty, painting was valued due to the relationship between politics and religion. Sui Dynasty painting was still dominated by characters or fairy stories, but landscape painting had developed into an independent painting discipline. Zhan Ziqian is as famous as Dong Boren, and is known as the four great painters of the former Tang Dynasty together with Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Lu Tanwei of the Southern Dynasty and Liang Zhang Seng of the Southern Dynasty.

Zhan Ziqian went through the Northern Qi, Northern Zhou and Sui dynasties, and served as a doctor in the Sui Dynasty, and later served as the governor of the tent. He has painted the Buddhist painting "Lotus Sutra Changes" and the genre painting "Chang'an Chariot and Horse Figures", but none of them have been handed down. His landscape painting "Spring Tour", with the outline brush method, painted with a large green.

The spatial perspective arrangement is reasonable, paying attention to the relationship between distance and the proportion of mountain trees and figures, which can be within easy reach and have the interest of a thousand miles. This proves that the landscape painting of the Sui Dynasty has completely solved the problem of "people are greater than the mountains, and the water is not allowed to be widespread", and has become a representative work of the rise of scroll landscape painting. The Khotanese painter Wei Chi Baqina, who was good at painting characters in the Western Regions, was called "Great Captain Chi" at the time.

He specializes in shadow blending, known as the "bump method". It has a great influence on later paintings.

The calligraphy of the Sui Dynasty is skillful and powerful, and does not deviate from the rules. The scale of the demeanor of everyone in the early Tang Dynasty has been initially formed here. Famous calligraphers include Ding Daohu, Shi Ling and Zhiyong.

The ink has a thousand-character text and scriptures. The calligraphy of the Sui Dynasty was dominated by inscriptions, and inscriptions such as "Longzang Temple Tablet", "Qifa Temple Tablet" and "Dong Meiren Zhi" show calligraphy style. At the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, there was still a calligrapher Yu Shinan, who was called the "Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty" together with Ouyang Xun, Chu Suiliang and Xue Ji.

The Sui is the second dynasty in China's ancient history with a short time span, concentrated innovation in politics, economy, culture and other aspects, and a historical turning point.

The cultural characteristics of Sui can be summed up as: innovation and integration.

In fact, the turbulent period before the Sui Dynasty was also a period of great migration and integration of multiple ethnic groups, with the exchange and integration between the various ethnic groups and the Han nationality in the society, the cultural characteristics of the Han nationality after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty were more diverse, complex, and more affinity and cohesion than those in the pre-Sui period. As a result, the creation, appreciation, and exchange of literary and artistic works are no longer the exclusive products of the noble class and the upper-class rulers, but are gradually recognized and engaged in by the lower-class classes such as "market grass people" and "mountain and wild village husbands". As a result, the literary and artistic works after the establishment of the Sui Dynasty presented more distinctive and more accessible forms of expression to the people.

As the saying goes, "In the old days, Wang Xie Tang Qianyan flew into the homes of ordinary people." ”

Here are two examples:

Literature: The literary works of the post-Sui dynasty further inherited and innovated the dictionaries and texts of the Han and Wei dynasties and the Wei and Jin dynasties, and the Sui further improved the obscure parts of them and added elements that were easy to learn, laying the foundation for the creation of prose and poetry in the later Tang Dynasty.

Literature and art: After the Sui Dynasty, the painting works added elements of the Hu people, and the musical instruments added the huqin, huzheng, erhu and other musical instruments that were not unique to the original Han people, and this historical progress did not stop until the Tang Dynasty a few decades later. The flowers, birds, fish, insects, and figures in the paintings have gradually become more rough, bold, elegant, and uninhibited.

Agriculture Large-scale water conservancy projects were built. Improvement of farming technology: Rice seedling transplantation is widely used.

The development of tea production: The Tang Dynasty appeared the world's first tea monograph, the Book of Tea, and the author Lu Yu was called the "Tea Sage" by later generations. The trend of drinking tea began to flourish in the Tang Dynasty.

Improvement of production tools: the emergence of a new agricultural tool, the curved plow; Creation of a new irrigation tool Barrel cart. Handicraft Silk weaving:

There are many varieties of flowers and colors, and the technology is superb. Ceramics: Jingde celadon, Xingyao white porcelain, Tang Sancai (treasures of the world's crafts).

Commercial prosperity Famous metropolises: Chang'an, Luoyang, Yangzhou, Chengdu. Chang'an City:

The city is divided into fang, which is a residential area, and the city is a prosperous commercial area. Chang'an, the capital of the Tang Dynasty, is a center of exchanges between various ethnic groups and an international metropolis.

After the Grand Canal, there were more north-south exchanges.

1. Economy and culture

There is the most advanced bridge-building technology (Zhaozhou Bridge), there is the most advanced calendar "Huangji Calendar", Daxing City with a high level of urban construction planning is the "world's first city" at that time, creating a variety of colored paper, inventing the world's earliest overall engraving printing, the invention of equal spacing secondary interpolation formula.

2. Science and technology, astronomical calendars, literature and art are blooming, gorgeous and colorful, poems, words, prose, legends, variations, dances, calligraphy, paintings, sculptures, all have great achievements, and have influenced later generations and countries around the world. There are no cultural taboos, and they dare to absorb foreign cultures, enriching and developing traditional cultures.

One of the major characteristics of the Sui and Tang dynasties is chaos

The Sui army was mainly government soldiers, and then Xiaoguo.

The specific number of government soldiers is unknown, but it is recorded that in the first battle of Ping Chen, 518,000 government soldiers were used, plus those who were not used, it was definitely more than 600,000, while there were only 3.6 million households in the north, which means that there was at least one soldier in six households.

At the time of Emperor Yu, there were more than 9 million households in the country, and the number of government soldiers should be more than 1.5 million, so the second expedition to Goguryeo could only use 1.1 million troops.

The other is Xiaoguo, which is different from the government soldiers, this is a professional army, with a Sui generation, which is maintained at about 100,000, increasing and decreasing.

Therefore, before the completion of reunification, the Sui army was between 700,000, and after reunification, it was about 1.6 million.

There are not so many soldiers, and the soldiers used are generally around 100,000.

Lu Guogong Wendu, Zhuojun Gong Lu Chu, Chu State Duke Liu Ziyi, Tang State Gong Yaojun.

The Sui Dynasty had 3 emperors as follows:

Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of Sui, 581 A.D. (Kaihuang), Yang Guang, Emperor Yang of Sui, 604 A.D. (Daye), Yang Yu, Emperor Gong of Sui, 617 A.D. (Yining).

There were a total of five emperors in the Sui Dynasty, namely Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Yang Jian, Emperor Yang Guang of Sui Dynasty, Emperor Gong of Sui Dynasty Yang Yu, King of Sui Qin Yang Hao, and Emperor Tai Emperor Yang Dong of Sui.

Emperor Wen of Sui Yang Jian was originally the Duke of Sui in the Northern Zhou Dynasty and later forced Emperor Jing of Zhou to abdicate the throne Country name Sui Emperor Yang Guang Emperor Yang Guang of Sui Emperor Wen of Sui The second son of Emperor Wen of Sui Queen Jin is the crown prince Killing his father is the emperor Emperor Gong of Sui Emperor Yang Yu The grandson of Emperor Yang of Sui was poisoned by Tang Gaozu and the Sui Dynasty perished.

The Sui Dynasty (581 618) had three emperors: Emperor Wen of Sui (Yang Jian) (Kaihuang 20, Renshou 4) (581 605), Emperor Yang of Sui (Yang Guang) (Daye 14) (605 617), Emperor Gong of Sui (Yang Yu) (Yining 2) (617 618).

The Sui Dynasty had two emperors, Emperor Wen of Sui and Emperor Yang of Sui, Emperor Wen of Sui proclaimed himself emperor in Chang'an in 589, after the death of Emperor Wen of Sui, Emperor Yang of Sui ascended the throne, and the Sui Dynasty fell in 691.