What causes birth defects or birth malformations in children

Birth defects China is a country with a high incidence of birth defects and disabilities, with 800,000 1.2 million new children with congenital disabilities every year, accounting for about 4% and 6% of the total number of births. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, there are three main causes of infant death in China: infection, obstetrics, and malformation.

In the early fifties of the last century, infectious diseases were the main cause of infant death; After the seventies of the last century, some obstetric delivery reasons were prominent, such as neonatal asphyxia, birth trauma, etc.; By the nineties of the last century, the proportion of infant deaths caused by birth defects was gradually increasing. It is reported that more than 3,000 new chemical drugs and products are produced worldwide every year, some of which may cause fetal malformations. There are also environmental pollution problems that can also cause fetal malformations.

Quick Facts There are many causes of birth defects: in addition to 25% of genetic factors, 15% of them are environmental factors, and another 60% are nutrition, disease, infection, medication and exposure to harmful substances. Many common genetic diseases, infectious diseases and sexually transmitted diseases, such as hepatitis B, syphilis and gonorrhea, can be transmitted from mother to fetus, resulting in miscarriage or malformation.

Therefore, avoid marriage and childbirth of close relatives and older births; micronutrient supplementation (iodine, folic acid, and iron); Early detection and ** diabetes, hypertension, reproductive tract infections and other diseases; Vaccination against rubella to prevent viral infections; Strictly control the use of drugs during pregnancy, stay away from drugs, quit smoking and alcohol; Avoid exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy; Ultrasound tests and chromosomal tests can prevent the birth of defective children.

That's a lot, genetics, consanguineous marriage, acquired environment, mother's behavior during pregnancy, risks during childbirth, and so on.

Genetic factors or consanguineous marriages, as well as adverse factors such as taking medicine and injections during pregnancy.

There are many causes, genetics, smoking, bad habits, medications.

Malnutrition, not paying attention to rest when pregnant

Answer] :d 1) Chemical factors 1Lead can accumulate in the body for a long time and can enter the fetus through the placental barrier.

It can cause fetal death and malformations, affect the growth and development of the fetus and after birth, especially the nervous system. 2.Methylmercury can cause congenital Minamata disease in children, characterized by severe mental retardation, ataxia, poor growth and development, muscle atrophy, seizure epilepsy, strabismus, etc.

3.Organic solvents can cause fetal malformations. Physical factors 1

Nuclear radiation can cause microcephaly, neurological delays, and slowed physical growth. 2.Very low frequency electromagnetic fields have been reported to cause congenital heart disease, facial deformities, intrauterine growth retardation, and spontaneous abortion in offspring.

3.Iatrogenic radiation can cause a variety of birth defects. 4.

When the noise reaches 85 decibels, the hearing of fetal pants is impaired; When it reaches 100 decibels, the offspring have low intelligence. 5.High fever can cause miscarriage, stillbirth, and mental retardation.

There is a viral infection, nutritional deficiencies, taking a lot of drugs after pregnancy, eating abnormally, irregular work and rest time, and too much mood swings.

Pregnant women always have various worries when they are pregnant. In fact, you can relax your mood, which is the best for your child. Basically, children are healthy after all.

There are many causes of a child's malformation, and genetic factors are also important. In addition, the environment of pregnant women, such as some radiation and other reasons, will cause the child to have deformities.

There are two main types of causes, one is maternal or environmental factors, and the other is genetic factors.

1. Maternal or environmental factors.

1. When the radiation dose absorbed by the fetus in the first trimester exceeds 5rad, the risk of fetal malformation will increase significantly;

2. Some chemical agents can cause fetal malformations, especially when used in early pregnancy, so the medication during pregnancy should be used rationally under the guidance of a doctor.

Rural women should avoid exposure to pesticides during pregnancy. Long-term heavy alcohol consumption can lead to fetal alcohol syndrome, which is characterized by microcephaly, mental retardation, and a peculiar facial appearance. Heavy metal leakage (mercury, lead, etc.) increases the risk of fetal malformations.

3. Infection of pregnant mothers with certain microorganisms can lead to fetal infection and fetal malformations, such as rubella, giant cell, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, syphilis, etc.

4. High fever in the first trimester.

5. Poor blood sugar control in early pregnancy can increase the risk of fetal malformations, mainly congenital heart disease, neural tube malformations, cleft lip and palate, etc.

6. Dietary factors: Lack of folic acid in food increases the risk of fetal neural tube defects and cleft lip and palate.

2. Genetic factors.

It is a malformation caused by an abnormality in the genetic material from the parents. For example, the parents have chromosomal abnormalities, and the parents carry mutant genes. Sometimes the fertilized egg itself has an abnormal chromosomal segregation or a genetic mutation.

When consanguineous marry, the incidence of certain recessive genetic diseases increases significantly due to the increased risk of both spouses carrying the same abnormal gene, so it is not appropriate for close relatives to marry or have children.

Every expectant mother wants a healthy and lovely baby, so women must protect their health and the baby's health during pregnancy. Fetal malformations are also called birth defects, so what are the specific factors that cause fetal malformations?

Women are more fragile after pregnancy, the body's own resistance and immunity are relatively poor, so women may often catch a cold or fever, for this situation women as much as possible do not take medicine casually, if women are in the first trimester of pregnancy when using some drugs, it is likely to cause fetal malformations, because women in the first three months of pregnancy, the fetus organs also begin to develop slowly, for various proteins and esters to synthesize active cytocentrins is also relatively fast, Then organs and tissues are slowly formed. However, if during this process, women take some drugs, and the toxins in these drugs will interfere with the synthesis and differentiation of organ cells, so it is likely to cause incomplete development of these organs, resulting in fetal organ malformations.

During pregnancy, the incidence of viral infection is relatively high, and most of the viruses in the female body are easy to infect the fetus, such as varicella-zoster virus, which also has a serious impact on the growth and development of the fetus. Even if the fetus survives, it can lead to congenital malformations. If pregnant mothers stay in some toxic gas environment for a long time, it will also have some effects on the fetus, these toxic substances will affect the normal development of the fetus, chromosome mutations are also easy to cause fetal malformations.

Therefore, the environment in which pregnant women live must be pollution-free, and if it is a newly renovated house, pregnant women must stay away from this place.

For example, if you take medication when you are pregnant, or eat some junk food when you are pregnant, or you have an irregular diet, or you have irregular living habits, and you often stay up late, these signs of erection will lead to hail-containing fetal malformations.

I feel that there are genetic factors, dietary factors, work and rest factors, physical factors and work factors. And this situation is very serious, so when a pregnant woman has this situation, she must go to the hospital to check her body, and don't let the condition worsen.

In the process of development, pregnant women eat some things that should be eaten inadvertently, but they always stay up late and always go to bed late after hail, and do not have a good work and rest habits, and the mood during pregnancy tremor is particularly bad, which will lead to fetal malformations.

The husband and wife have genetic defects, some bad living habits of Cong Tang when they are pregnant, the uterine environment of the slag is not good, the infiltration of blue amniotic fluid is relatively small, and intrauterine asphyxia will lead to fetal malformations.

Without examination, there were problems with the mother's body, problems with the fertilized egg, problems with the living environment, radiation and accidents.

Dietary factors, life factors, living conditions, exercise factors, and environmental factors will all influence. It will lead to poor development of the child, will lead to the loss of the child's limbs, will also lead to the child's personality deviation, will also lead to some diseases in the child, and will also lead to the child's immunity will become poor.

Excessive intake of micronutrients in pregnant women. Pregnant women have excessive mood swings during pregnancy. Too much sadness and anxiety. Pregnant women still stay in places with high industrial pollution for a long time during pregnancy, which may lead to birth defects of the baby and bring inferiority to the child at birth.

Every parent wants their children to be healthy and smart, but newborns with birth defects are not uncommon, and the reasons for this are usually as follows.

1. Genetic factors: Newborns are inherited by their parents, which makes the germ cells and fertilized eggs abnormal in genetic factors, which will lead to birth defects of newborns.

2. Environmental factors: the poor environment of the place where they live, work and live for a long time has a negative impact on pregnant women and fetuses, which is likely to cause birth defects in newborns. Harmful environments include biological, chemical, and physical factors.

3. Biological factors: During pregnancy, women are attacked by germs and viruses, which is likely to cause fetal miscarriage and malformation, among which the harm caused by viral infection is particularly huge.

4. Nutritional reasons: Pregnant women are weak when they are pregnant, and they do not consume enough nutrients and trace elements during pregnancy, which can easily cause birth defects in newborns.

There are many factors that can cause birth defects in newborns, in addition to the reasons introduced above, smoking, alcoholism, drug abuse, etc., are also important causes of birth defects in newborns.

Common newborn defects generally include cleft lip and palate, Down's child, congenital heart disease, thalassemia, so during pregnancy, couples must pay attention to the pregnancy's nutrition to be balanced, and the work and rest should be regular, away from the source of danger.

The general birth defect is that the month may not arrive, because of various reasons, it is also a premature baby, so the heart function, including the development of limbs, is not particularly good, and the heart will have some diseases, which are particularly fragile.

Generally speaking, there will be cleft lip, Down syndrome, congenital heart disease, thalassemia, and congenital autism.

There are Down's syndrome, thalassemia, cleft lip, congenital heart disease, iodine deficiency, neural tube defects, and congenital rubella syndrome, which are relatively common birth defects in newborns.

First, chromosomal abnormalities, including chromosomal dominant and recessive genetic diseases in both parents, will be passed on to children, resulting in fetal development malformations, as well as malformations caused by embryonic gene mutations. Second, environmental factors, pregnant women in the first trimester have been exposed to harmful substances such as radioactivity, resulting in fetal development malformations. Bad lifestyle habits of pregnant women can also lead to fetal malformations, such as drinking alcohol and smoking.

Third, drug-induced fetal malformations, especially in pregnant women who have taken teratogenic drugs in the first trimester.

It may be caused by an irregular diet, or because of a lack of nutrients, or because of radiation, or because of the influence of the living environment, or because of the influence of bad mood.

Smoking, drinking, staying up late, lack of nutrition, and emotional instability during pregnancy can all cause fetal malformations in the womb.