How big was the Song Dynasty and how many years did the Song Dynasty have

The Song Dynasty (960-1279) was a dynasty in Chinese history that inherited five dynasties and ten kingdoms under the Qiyuan Dynasty, divided into two stages, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, with a total of 18 emperors and 319 years of reign.

In 960, the Later Zhou generals launched the Chenqiao Mutiny, supported the return of Song Prefecture to the German army, made Zhao Kuangyin the emperor, and established the Song Dynasty.

In order to avoid the chaos of the division of the late Tang Dynasty and the dictatorship of the eunuchs, Zhao Kuangyin adopted the policy of emphasizing literature and suppressing the military, strengthened the centralization of power, and deprived the military generals of their military rights. After Song Taizong succeeded to the throne, he unified the whole country, and Song Zhenzong gradually entered into the ruling world after concluding the alliance with Liao. In 1125, the Jin State invaded the south, resulting in the disgrace of Jingkang and the destruction of the Northern Song Dynasty.

King Kang Zhao Gou ascended the throne in Yingtianfu in Nanjing and established the Southern Song Dynasty. After the peace conference of Shaoxing and the Jin State with the Qinling-Huai River as the boundary, in 1234 the Union and Mongolia destroyed the Jin, in 1235 the Song and Yuan Wars broke out, in 1276 the Yuan Dynasty captured Lin'an, after the Battle of Yashan, the Southern Song Dynasty perished.

The Song Dynasty was an era of high prosperity in China's history in terms of commodity economy, culture, education, and scientific innovation.

Some people estimate that China's total GDP in 1000 was 100 million US dollars, accounting for 450 US dollars of the world's total economy, exceeding the 400 US dollars of Western Europe at that time. Although later generations believed that the Song Dynasty was "poor and weak", the prosperity and social and economic prosperity of the people in the Song Dynasty far exceeded that of the Tang Dynasty.

During the Song Dynasty, Confucianism was revived, Cheng Zhu Lixue appeared, science and technology developed rapidly, politics was enlightened, and there was no serious eunuch dictatorship and warlord separation, and the number and scale of mutinies and civil unrest were relatively small in Chinese history. Due to the promotion of Champa rice in the Northern Song Dynasty, the population grew rapidly, from 37.1 million in 980 to 126 million in 1124.

Chen Yin said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has evolved over thousands of years, and it was created in the era of the Zhao and Song dynasties.

Some scholars in Western and Japanese historiography believe that the Song Dynasty was a period of renaissance and economic revolution in Chinese history.

The Song Dynasty was founded more than 300 years ago, and was overthrown twice, all due to external troubles, and was the only dynasty that did not die directly in civil strife.

1.The territory of the Great Song Dynasty.

Northern Song Dynasty, 2.8 million square kilometers of territory.

Southern Song Dynasty, 2 million square kilometers.

Don't talk about it, let me cry and ......

2.Population of the Song Dynasty.

The population of the Northern Song Dynasty peaked at 100 million, and the population of Bianliang reached 1.2 million.

The Southern Song Dynasty had 80.6 million and Lin'an had a population of 1.5 million.

3.The economy of the Song Dynasty.

When it comes to the economy, you can't help but mention the lovely GDP

Some people say that the GDP of the Song Dynasty accounted for 60% of the world's GDP, and some say that it accounted for 80% of the ......

First of all, it is stated that the estimation of the GDP of the Great Song Dynasty in later generations is as ...... as the weather forecastAccurate (the weather forecast says that it will heat up today, I deliberately wore a few less, and now I am trembling and the words are not good for .......)）

If you want to estimate the GDP of an empire nearly a thousand years ago, it is as difficult as climbing to the sky, so let's have fun.

First of all, there were only 230 million people in the world at that time, while the Northern Song Dynasty had 100 million, accounting for 35% of the total population.

Under this premise, to say that the Song Dynasty is simply to pass your wind

Why? British economist Angus Madison believes that in the early years of the Song Dynasty, its per capita GDP was 450 US dollars, while in Europe during the same period it was about 400 US dollars, and in the last years of the Song Dynasty, the per capita GDP reached 600 US dollars, and 500 US dollars in Europe.

You can look down on Europeans, but you can't say that Europe is an underdeveloped region, after all, compared to Africa, North and South America, Australia, Antarctica (well, just kidding) ...... at the same time

Therefore, it is a conclusion that the per capita GDP of the Song Dynasty is not lower than the world average, or higher.

Some people also think that the per capita GDP of the Song Dynasty is 2,280 US dollars, but this statement is controversial and will not be accepted for the time being.

A country with a population ratio of 35% and a per capita GDP exceeding the world average, if you say that its GDP ratio, I believe you are a ghost, you are a bad old man, and you are very bad.

I don't know how much GDP accounted for in the Song Dynasty, and there is no unified conclusion at present, but I personally think that reaching 60% is not necessarily impossible.

Finally, the scientific and technological achievements of the Song Dynasty, needless to say, the four major inventions were all completed in the Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng's movable type printing appeared in the Song Dynasty, the compass matured and was used for navigation, the fire bolt was put into war, the thunderbolt cannon came out, the three-bow bed crossbow, the divine arm bow (although it was the Western Xia), the step armor, the thirteen-tip stone throwing machine, the fierce fire oil tank ......

Looking back at the background of the establishment of the Song Dynasty, you will know that the Song Dynasty was not so bad, it actually made outstanding contributions to the survival and development of Chinese civilization. Before the establishment of the Song Dynasty, there were five chaotic dynasties, which lasted for 53 years, from Zhu Wen's destruction of the Tang Dynasty to the Chenqiao Mutiny. Five dynasties ago was the era of the late Tang Dynasty.

Map of the division of feudal towns at the end of the Tang Dynasty.

The Anshi Rebellion, which occurred in 755 (the 14th year of Tianbao), divided the history of the Tang Dynasty into two. The 137th year from Li Yuan's proclamation as emperor to the fourteenth year of Xuanzong Tianbao of the Tang Dynasty was the first stage. Although there were wars and turmoil during this period, it was generally prosperous and powerful.

The 152 years from the 14th year of Tianbao to the fall of the Tang Dynasty was the second stage, during which the Tang Dynasty was almost always in the midst of war, and on the whole it went downhill again. Because the Tang Dynasty has never restored its unity since the Anshi Rebellion, many places have been in a state of separation. The emperors of the Tang Dynasty were often overthrown by eunuchs internally, and it was commonplace for eunuchs to depose emperors, and it was impossible to suppress the secession of the Jiedu envoys externally.

As the separatist forces became more and more, the world became more and more chaotic, and finally the Tang Dynasty was destroyed by Zhu Wen. That is to say, the war before the establishment of the Song Dynasty was not only 53 years, but 205 years (the second stage of the Tang Dynasty + five dynasties). In these 205 years of turmoil, the traditional values of the Chinese nation, such as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and trustworthiness, gentleness, courtesy, frugality, loyalty to the monarch and serving the country, have almost been lost and replaced by the law of the jungle.

Since the secession of feudal towns in the late Tang Dynasty, the Jiedu envoys who held local military power were constantly betrayed and usurped by their subordinates. By the time of the Five Dynasties, rebellions by generals had become commonplace. The emperor did not believe in the generals, and the generals often worried that the emperor did not believe in them.

Everyone in the court was in danger. This is the reason why five dynasties changed in 53 years during the Five Dynasties period. In a word, the chaos in the world has been too long, and there is no sign of stopping.

If it goes on like this, the sixth, seventh, and eighth generations will appear, and Chinese culture will be replaced by the law of the jungle, and the people will not know how long they will have to endure the war. With constant wars, people's livelihood withering, and production not being restored, Chinese civilization is in danger of declining. But it was at this time that the establishment of the Song Dynasty changed the situation.

While Zhao Kuangyin was fighting in the south and the north, he also set out to change all this in the system. In the second year of Zhao Kuangyin's yellow robe, he used the "cup of wine to release the military power" to recover the military power of some of the confidants and generals who participated in the mutiny. In the following decades, the two brothers Song Taizu and Song Taizong took back the financial rights and personnel rights of the generals.

From then on, the situation of separating feudal towns from the end of the Tang Dynasty completely ceased to exist. From the Song Dynasty until the Ming and Qing dynasties, there was no longer a situation of feudal towns and too many emperors. The Chinese nation has cured one of its own heart diseases and ushered in a new stage of development.

In short, the establishment of the Song Dynasty not only ended the 205 years of turmoil, but also permanently ended the situation of feudal towns and towns, and prevented China from declining. In one sentence, it is simply described that the Tang Dynasty poked a huge basket and plagued China for more than 200 years, and finally the Song Dynasty filled this basket.

So what areas did the Southern Song Dynasty lose compared to the Northern Song Dynasty? Usually we know that the Central Plains has fallen, but what is it exactly? The territory of the Northern Song Dynasty at its peak was about 2.8 million square kilometers (1111, of course, this does not include the Longyou Protectorate), why was it the largest before the death of the country?

Because the Northern Song Dynasty briefly recovered part of the Sixteen Prefectures of Youyun after the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Liao, of course, it was useless, and it was later swept out.

So how old was the Southern Song Dynasty? The area of the Southern Song Dynasty is about 2 million square kilometers, about two-thirds of the Northern Song Dynasty.

In other words, the Southern Song Dynasty was about 800,000 square kilometers less than the Northern Song Dynasty, so what are these 800,000 square kilometers? The land north of the Huai River in the Qinling Mountains, the whole territory of Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and more than half of Gansu (Henan is basically lost, and even most of Nanyang is from the Jin Dynasty), as for Hebei and other places in the north? All lost!

At that time, this was one of the richest regions in the country, and it was the political center, and losing these places was basically a loss of power and humiliation of the country, but the Southern Song Dynasty could still rely on half of the rivers and mountains to support more than 100 years, indicating that the economy of the south began to be equal to the north at that time.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the territory area was about 2.8 million square kilometers, and during the reign of the Southern Song Dynasty, the territory area at that time was about 2 million square kilometers. Judging from the above data, the Song Dynasty was originally the dynasty with the least ruling territory during the feudal period, and even short-lived dynasties such as the Qin and Sui dynasties had a larger territory than the Song Dynasty.

Although the territory of the Song Dynasty was not very large, the social value created during the reign of the Song Dynasty and the influence of later generations were the greatest, and three of the world's four famous inventions appeared in the Song Dynasty. The above is for everyone: the territory of the Han Dynasty is six million, the Tang Dynasty is one hundred and twelve million, how big is the Song Dynasty?

You may not believe it.

The territory of the Northern Song Dynasty reached the Sixteen Continents of Youyun in the early days, which is around the present-day Beijing. The area of Ningxia and Shaanxi in the west was the largest period of the Song Dynasty, with an area of about 3 million square kilometers. The Southern Song Dynasty was divided into rivers and ruled by rivers, with an area of no more than 1.5 million square kilometers.

At the peak of the Song Dynasty, the land area was only 2.83 million square kilometers. The Song Dynasty inherited five dynasties and ten kingdoms and descended to the Yuan Dynasty, which was divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty divided the prefectures and counties of the country into fifteen routes, the northernmost being the sixteen states of Yanyun, the southernmost being Hainan, the easternmost being the coastal areas, and the westernmost being the western part of Sichuan.

During the Song Dynasty, the literati ruled the country and did not advocate force, because the five dynasties and ten kingdoms had already proved well the chaos of the military generals in the country. As a result, the territory of the Song Dynasty was only 2.83 million square kilometers, and one-third of the existing territory was not reached.

1.The Song Kingdom was a vassal state in the Spring and Autumn Period of China, with the surname of the prince of the country, located in the area of Shangqiu, Henan Province. Its largest territory includes the northeast of Henan, the northwest of Jiangsu, the north of Anhui, and the southeast of Shandong.

2.Southern Dynasty Liu Song.

When it was strong, its ruling area was adjacent to the Qinling Mountains and the Yellow River in the north and the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Daxue Mountains in Sichuan in the west, Yunnan in the southwest, and the Heng Shan and Linyi areas in central Vietnam in the south.

3.The Zhao Dynasty and the Song Dynasty are 4.6 million square kilometers (Northern Song Dynasty).

4.After the Han Dynasty, the Song Dynasty's sphere of influence once reached Anhui, Henan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Hubei, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, North Korea, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Sichuan, and once hit near Dadu, giving the Yuan Dynasty a heavy blow and accelerating the demise of the decadent Yuan Dynasty.

The territory of the Song Dynasty was not large, including the Southern Song Dynasty, because the Song Dynasty admired literature and abandoned the military, although there were also many good generals, but the overall lead to the rout of the war and the territory continued to shrink.

The Song Dynasty lasted from 960 to 1279 AD, a total of 319 years. It is a dynasty in Chinese history that inherited five dynasties and ten kingdoms and was divided into two stages: the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty. In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin established the Great Song Dynasty, and the capital was Kaifeng, which was called Tokyo.

After gradually unifying China, it was called the Northern Song Dynasty by later generations because its territory reached the north of the Yellow River relative to the Southern Song Dynasty. In the second year of Jingkang (1127), the Jin soldiers captured Tokyo and the Northern Song Dynasty died.

Dynasties:

Dynasties: The entire reign of the emperors who established the name of the country passed down from generation to generation. A dynasty is a noun that defines a certain period of power, and the name of a dynasty has roughly five origins:

Names derived from clans or alliances; Derived from the original hexagram or title of the founder; The name of the area that derives from the rule of the original regime of the founder; Originated from clan relations; It means auspicious or good. The so-called Chinese character "chao" has today's meaning, and is used politically to refer to the current regime, and has the concept of "one dynasty and one regime ruling the world".

The Southern Song Dynasty included today's eastern Sichuan Province, Guizhou Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangdong Province, Hainan Province, Chongju Lanqing City, Hubei Province, Zhejiang Province, Hunan Province, Fujian Province, Jiangxi Province, Southern Jiangsu Province, Southern Anhui Province, and Southern Shaanxi Province.

Population: During the Song and Jin dynasties, the population decreased sharply due to the war, and there were about 13.6 million households in the south in the sixth year of Xuanhe (1124) before the Jingkang Rebellion, and about 10.86 million households and 56.5 million people in the Southern Song Dynasty in the fifth year of Shaoxing (1135) of Gaozong Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, and the population in the south gradually recovered after the pacification of the civil unrest and the Shaoxing Peace Conference, and there were about 12.4 million households and 64.5 million people in the Southern Song Dynasty in the thirty-second year of Shaoxing (1162); In the middle and late Southern Song Dynasty, due to the "dense population and narrow land", the population growth was slow and slow, and the peak of household registration reached in the sixteenth year of Jiading of Song Ningzong (1223), and the official statistics had 12670801 households and 28320085 households, and scholars considered the problem of hidden households that there should be 15.5 million households and 80.6 million people in that year.