What were the titles of the prime minister in the pre Qin period?

King Huiwen of Qin set up a prime minister for Zhang Yi, and later Lü Buwei became Xiangbang (later the Han Dynasty changed its name to Xiangguo to avoid Liu Bang). The state of Chu is called Ling Yin. The rest of the countries are generally called prime ministers or something.

It is recorded in the Book of Han that Xiangguo and Prime Minister are all Qin officials.

The prime minister system originated from the Qin state in the Warring States Period, but it was an important supplement to the emperor system, so the title of prime minister should be counted from after the establishment of the emperor system in the Qin Dynasty.

The Qin Dynasty set up a prime minister, and formed a three-metric system with Taiwei and Yushi Dafu, constituting a first-class power organization.

Although the name has changed since then, the three-metric system has generally been used until the Sui and Tang dynasties.

In the Han Dynasty, there were three prime ministers, including Da Situ, Da Sima, and Da Sikong, which was equivalent to having three prime ministers.

The six departments of the three provinces of the Sui Dynasty, and the Shangshu Orders of the three provinces are all equivalent to the prime minister; Tang set up left and right servants in Shangshu Province to perform the functions and powers of prime minister; Tang Xuanzong changed the political affairs hall to "Zhongshu Menxia", and in the future, the provincial governors needed to concurrently serve as "Pingzhang Shi" under the Zhongshu Gate, which means that they could go to the "Zhongshu Menxia" to discuss politics, and they were regarded as prime ministers, and the Song Dynasty basically followed the Tang system.

The Song Dynasty also set up a governor to destroy the foundation, as a deputy prime minister to divide the power of the prime minister.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the weight of the Zhongshu Province was concurrently served by the crown prince, and the actual Changji empty official was the right prime minister and the left minister.

But the system of the Yuan Dynasty is changeable, as if Qian Mu's words say that "the Yuan Dynasty is the most unsystematic".

The Ming Dynasty opened the country, there was no order in the province of Zhongshu, only the left and right slender Feng prime ministers, the power was extremely heavy, and Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the prime minister system, and the power belonged to the six departments.

The cabinet scholars established in the future, although they have the power of the prime minister, cannot be called the prime minister, because the cabinet itself is not a state institution, but only the emperor's secretarial body, in other words, if it is only a scholar, it is not a ** at all.

The reason why a university scholar is an official is because he has held other positions in state institutions such as the Sixth Ministry, so it can be said that there is no prime minister after that.

As an important aspect of the emperor system, the prime minister system involves a series of institutional issues such as the struggle between imperial power and prime minister's power, as well as the "externalization of internal officials".

Here is just thinking of what is written, and I hope you will forgive me for any inappropriate and ominous points.

Qin Xiangong, Qin Wei war, defeated in Hexi, can only cut the land to seek peace, Xiangong died after the war, passed on to Yingquliang, that is, Qin Xiaogong, after this battle, the country has been a remnant of mountains and water, can no longer withstand the toss. The countries of Shandong are all inferior to Qin, regarded as weak Qin, and have no country to ally with them. After Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, he made great efforts to change the status quo and make the Qin State stronger, but at that time, the Qin State was poor and white, the clan was unwilling to contribute money, the people were unwilling to contribute, and the people were good at fighting.

At this time, key figures in the history of the Qin State appeared. Shang Ying, reformer, thinker, representative of Legalism, Weiguo (now Liangzhuang Town, Neihuang County, Anyang City, Henan Province), a descendant of the monarch of Weiguo, surnamed Gongsun, so it is also called Wei Ying, Gongsun Marting. He studied under Guiguzi, and later served as the concubine of the uncle of the Prime Minister of Wei, but he was never appreciated by the monarch of Wei.

When he saw the sincere order of filial piety, he decided to enter Qin.

After entering the Qin Dynasty, Shang Ying's political talent was appreciated by the filial piety. He first traveled through the mountains, rivers, countryside, villages and tribes of the Qin State to understand the fundamental causes of the backwardness and social contradictions of the Qin State at that time, and then according to the corresponding laws and countermeasures of these preparations. However, these decrees violated the interests of the old aristocracy, and were opposed by Gan Long, Du Zhi and others.

But before the Qin State, the decree was changed day by day, and the people were skeptical of this decree, in order to change the status quo, Shang Ying set up a wooden letter in the bazaar, and when the person carrying the wood got a reward of ten gold, the people were convinced. After the Shang Dynasty reform, the peasants' enthusiasm for production was improved, the soldiers' combat effectiveness for military merits was also strengthened, taxes filled the treasury, and the population was increased.

After decades, the Qin State became stronger and stronger, and the world changed from humble Qin to fearful of Qin, and finally, defeated the Wei State in the Hexi battlefield, regained the lost territory decades ago, and washed away the national shame. Although he did not die well, his influence on the Qin State was always huge, and although people died and the law was there, the later Qin States also implemented the rule of law in his theory. It was named the first in the history of the prime minister of the Qin State, and it deservedly became famous.

The state of Qin refers to the period before the unification of China, its prime ministers have successively:

Baili Xi, Jian Shu, Shang Ying, Zhang Yi, Gongsun Yan, Le Chi, Qu Gai, Zhu Liji, Gan Mao, Wei Ran, Qi Rong, Meng Weijun, Lou Zhuan, Jin Shou, Du Cang, Shou Zhu, Fan Ju, Cai Ze, Lü Buwei, Gan Luo, Xu Xu, Chang Pingjun, Chang Wenjun, Kui (Kui Lin).

After the unification of China, it was called the Qin Dynasty, its prime ministers are: Wang Juan, Li Si, Feng Quji, Zhao Gao.

A native of Puyang (now Huaxian County, Henan Province), he was originally a businessman, but later abandoned business and entered politics. King Zhuangxiang was the prime minister of the country, and the marquis of the letter was sealed. Qin Shi Huang ascended the throne at the age of thirteen, and Lü Buwei was the prime minister, known as the "middle father", the actual ruler.

During the reign of Lü Buwei, Qin captured the lands of Zhou, Zhao, and Wei, and established Sanchuan County, Taiyuan County, and Dong County. It laid a solid foundation for Qin Shi Huang to cut off the Six Kingdoms later. Lü Buwei advocated leniency and probation, and edited "Lü's Spring and Autumn", which was at odds with Qin Shi Huang's political views.

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The most famous prime minister of Qin, the first must be Shang Ying, the second we know that it is Zhang Yi, Zhang Yi He is a more famous prime minister, and the third should be Fan Li, in fact, Zhao Gao is not good in my impression, he can only rank fourth at most.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were Baili Xi, and during the Warring States Period, there were Shang Ying, Zhang Yi, Fan Ju, Lü Buwei, Li Si, etc., and Zhao Gao could only be ranked last, and the previous ones played a vital role in the Qin State.

The Qin Dynasty had many famous prime ministers, such as Baili Xi, Lü Buwei, Li Si and Zhang Yi, and so on.

Zhao Gao ranked eighth.

Lü Buwei, Gan Luo (he was only 12 years old at the time), Li Si, and Zhao Gao also became after Li Si's death. There are in the Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Shang Yang is not. Note.

Official position in the Qin Dynasty.

** Major official positions and departments of the department.

Main official positions--- grades (ranks) - description.

Three dukes: Prime Minister Xiangbang (Xiangguo) - Golden Seal Purple Ribbon--- Qin Hui King 10 years (328 BC) with Zhang Yi as the phase. In the second year of King Wu of Qin (309 B.C.), he was initially appointed as prime minister.

Lü Buwei was the first prime minister, and later he was respected as the prime minister. The prime minister is in charge as the "Son of Heaven", and the assistant is Wanji.

Taiwei --- the golden seal and purple ribbon --- in charge of martial arts.

The Imperial Doctor --- silver seal and blue ribbon --- the deputy prime minister.

Jiuqing. Fengchang --- 2,000 stone silver seal blue ribbon --- Zhangzong temple ceremony.

Lang Zhong ordered --- to --- the same as above.

Wei Wei --- ditto--- the palace gate guards.

The servant --- ditto--- in charge of the horse.

Tingwei --- ditto--- in charge of Xing Pi.

Pawn --- ditto--- in charge of the affairs of ethnic minorities.

Zongzheng--- ditto--- Zhang's relatives.

The history of the governance of Su Nei --- ditto--- palm grain goods.

Shaofu --- ditto--- the tax of the mountains and seas and ponds to provide for support.

Other. Lieutenant --- in the middle of the 2,000 stone silver seal blue ribbon --- palm to follow the Beijing division.

It will be used as a young mansion ---2,000 stones--- and govern the palace.

The subject country --- same as above--- the one who is in charge of the barbarians.

Zhan Shi--- ditto--- the queen's crown prince's house.

Internal history--- ditto--- in charge of the Jingshi.

The lord lieutenant --- ditto--- the marquis.

The main official position of the local department.

Department - Main official position --- grade (rank) - Description.

County: Supervising the history of the county, guarding the --- of two thousand stones, silver seals, and blue ribbons--- in charge of the county and governing its county.

The county lieutenant --- more than 2,000 stones, and the silver seal and blue ribbon --- the commander of the guard.

The county --- six hundred stones, copper seals, and black ribbons--- palm guards.

Long history--- ditto--- in charge of soldiers and horses, and the border counties set it up.

County: County Order (County Magistrate) -- Order 1,000 stone to 600 stone copper seal black ribbon--- counties with a population of more than 10,000 households, and set up a chief for those with less than 10,000 households. Take charge of the county.

The county is --- 500 to 600 stone copper seal yellow ribbon--- Cheng and Wei are called long officials, and there are fighting food, Zuo Shi, etc., below 100 stones, called young officials.

The county lieutenant --- 400 to 200 stone copper seal yellow ribbons--- county countryside, ten miles for the pavilion, there is a pavilion chief, ten pavilions for, there are three elders, there are ranks, and the husband wanders.

Qin harem system: queen, lady, beauty, beloved, eight sons, seven sons, long envoys, young envoys.

: Under the emperor, set up three dukes and nine qing, and form ****. The three dukes are the prime minister, the captain, and the imperial historian.

Under the Three Princes, there are nine qing:

Fengchang, in charge of the ceremonies of the temple;

Lang Zhongling, in charge of the palace guards;

the servant, who manages the chariots and horses of the court;

Captain of the Guard, in charge of the protection of the palace;

Pawnbrokers, dealing with ethnic minority affairs and diplomacy;

Tingwei, who is in charge of justice;

governing the internal history of Su and taking charge of the national finance and taxation;

Zongzheng, who manages the internal affairs of the imperial family;

Shaofu, in charge of the country's mountains, rivers, lakes and seas, tax revenue and handicraft manufacturing, for the needs of the royal family.

Local administration.

The county has a county guard, which is the highest governor of a county and is directly under the jurisdiction of ****;

Under the county guard, a county lieutenant is set up to assist the county guard in charge of the county's military;

There is also a superintendent of the imperial history, which is responsible for supervision.

A county has jurisdiction over a number of counties, and counties with more than 10,000 households shall have county orders, and those with less than 10,000 households shall have county magistrates to rule over the people of the county.

Under the county magistrate and the county magistrate, there is a county lieutenant who is in charge of the county's military, and a county magistrate is set up to be an assistant county magistrate and county magistrate, and is responsible for judicial adjudication.

A county is divided into a number of townships, and the township has three elders to educate and educate;

Sifu, who is responsible for collecting taxes and levying levies;

You are in charge of local security.

There are pavilions and lis in the countryside, which constitute a set of strict local institutions.

The emperor has three dukes (namely: Taiwei, Prime Minister, and Imperial Historian).

Under the prime minister, there are lieutenants, nine qings (i.e., Wei Wei, Lang Zhongling, Taifu, Tingwei, Dianke, Fengchang, Zongzheng, Shaofu, Zhisu Neishi) and manage the subordinate counties.

The county has a county lieutenant, a county guard, and a superintendent of the imperial history.

The county guard manages the subordinate counties, and the county has a county lieutenant and a county order.

The county order manages the subordinate townships, and the countryside consists of You, Sanlao, Sifu (managing large townships), and Youzhi (managing small townships).

The three elders manage the subordinate pavilions, and the pavilions have pavilion chiefs. The pavilion chief manages the subordinate li, and the chief is set up.

Tai Lieutenant, Prime Minister, Imperial Doctor, no national teacher.

Some are called auxiliary ministers, some are called prime ministers, and they have to be called prime ministers or each other, and the general difference is the level of status, such as the prime minister under one person and above 10,000 people.

During the reign of Qin Shi Huang, he was generally called the prime minister. By the time of the Han Dynasty, he was called the prime minister. By the time of the Qing Dynasty, he was called the King of Guangping. The difference lies in the different job titles.

For example, in the Tang Dynasty, it was generally shouted as a prime minister. In the Qing Dynasty, it was the regent who shouted. The difference is that the scope of jurisdiction is different.

Han has Xiangguo and Situ, Tang has Zhongshu Ling, Tongtong Zhongshu Men Sanpin, Song has governors, and there are also prime ministers. Tongping Zhangshi is the same as Tongzhongshu Menxia Sanpin, they are all de facto prime ministers.

Ling Yin, Prime Minister, Xiang Guo, Prime Minister, Shang Shu Ling, Zhongshu Ling, Na Yan, Shang Shu Servant, Wu Yingdian University Scholar, Wenhua Pavilion University Scholar, Tongzhong Shu Menxia Ping Zhangshi, and so on.