What are the functions of each of the cephalosporins, and what exactly are the functions of cephalos

"Cephalosporin" is well known as a common and widely used class of antibiotics. But what exactly is "cephalosporin"? How to choose?

How does it work? What's there***? These questions may not be clear.

In this series, we will answer these questions one by one.

Before introducing "cephalosporin", let's give some background knowledge:

1) Microorganisms are usually divided into 8 categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, actinomycetes, rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and spirochetes. These microorganisms can cause us to get sick under certain conditions, while "cephalosporin" only has a killing effect on bacteria, and is ineffective against the other 7 microorganisms.

2) Bacteria are further divided into more than 40 species, and each infectious disease may be caused by one or several bacteria; There are more than 50 types of "cephalosporins" that can be used today, and each bacterium has different susceptibility to different "cephalosporins". This makes it almost impossible to choose the right "cephalosporin" to treat the disease, so how to choose "cephalosporin" reasonably?

3) Through experiments, it was found that almost all bacteria can be divided into two major categories through "Gram staining", namely Gram-positive bacteria (G+) and Gram-negative bacteria (G-). Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria are very different in their cell walls and other structures, so their susceptibility to different antimicrobial drugs is different.

For example, most gram-positive bacteria are susceptible to penicillin, while gram-negative bacteria are not sensitive to penicillin, but are sensitive to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, etc.

4) Therefore, people divided "cephalosporin" into five generations according to the criteria of antibacterial spectrum and antibacterial activity. In this way, when choosing drugs, doctors can make one-to-one corresponding choices according to the structural characteristics of bacteria and the characteristics of the drug.

Classification and characteristics of "cephalosporin".

The formal full name of "cephalosporin" is a series of semi-synthetic antibiotics obtained by modifying cephalosporin C isolated from the culture medium of Penicillium close relative. The mechanism of action is the same as that of penicillins, and it is also to inhibit the formation of bacterial cell walls to achieve the purpose of sterilization. It is a fungicide.

Compared with penicillins, its advantages are: a wider antibacterial range; There are few or no cross-allergic reactions to penicillin, and the allergic reactions caused are lower than those of penicillins; It is stable to acids and to the production of various bacteria-lactamases (a substance that destroys penicillins and cephalosporins). Due to its low adverse reactions and toxicity, it has developed rapidly since it was first used in clinical practice in the early 60s of the 20th century, and many varieties have been produced successively.

Classification and main characteristics of commonly used cephalosporin antimicrobial drugs.

The above is a detailed introduction to the classification and characteristics of antimicrobial drugs.

There is only one type of cephalosporin, and its main function is to reduce inflammation, and we must not drink alcohol after eating cephalosporin, because alcohol and substances in cephalosporin will react chemically to produce a toxic substance.

1. Ladinazole, ampicillin.

Four types of one generation: cefradine, cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil.

Difurmonti, gram propylene.

Five species of the second generation: cefuroxime, cefmendo, ceftidine, cefaclor, and ceproplene.

Triximetadine, pipetrisone.

Three generations and six species: cefotaxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone.

Four generations of pyroxime and horse-riding.

Four generations and two species: cefepime, cefpiro.

Five generations of Lorraine, Torop.

Five generations and three types: ceftaroline, ceftoro, and cefepip.

1. Allergic reaction: lower than penicillin.

2. Blood system: neutropenia and prolongation of prothrombin time.

3. Long-term and large-scale application can cause antibiotic-associated diarrhea and superinfection.

4. Nervous system: cefazolin, ceftazidime, and cefepime can have nervous system reactions such as epilepsy when used for renal insufficiency.

Contraindications: patients who are allergic to cephalosporins, have a history of penicillin anaphylactic shock or immediate reaction.

There are many kinds of cefaclor, cephalexin, and cephalosporin, which are generally used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, and they all have a good effect on this sore throat.

Cephalosporin is now a pioneer six, there are six bags, and their functions are all anti-inflammatory.

I'm afraid that the most important thing is the anti-inflammatory function, but there are also a lot of various effects in medicine, mainly depending on what kind of medicine you prescribe?

How many types of insurance are there? There are many kinds of functions for insurance, and the main function of insurance is broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-inflammatory.

There are many kinds of cephalosporins, it seems that there are two generations, two generations, three generations, and it seems that there are several generations now, and the cephalosporin type is those bags, and the effect is very good.

Main features: Cephalosporins can be distributed in all parts of the body, so infections occur in various tissues and organs, as long as the pathogenic bacteria are sensitive to cephalosporin, it can be used.

It is a bactericide, if the concentration is sufficient, it can kill bacteria, unlike tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and other bacteriostatic agents, which mainly inhibit the growth of bacteria in conventional doses.

Thus, cephalosporins can be used for more critical infections.

Advantage 1: The antibacterial spectrum of cephalosporins is relatively wide, and cephalosporins have good antibacterial effect on some Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.

Advantage 2: If bacteria produce some enzymes that destroy certain antibacterial drugs, they can become resistant to some antibacterial drugs, such as bacteria are resistant to penicillin, and cephalosporins are more stable to most of the enzymes produced by bacteria, which can replace penicillin to kill bacteria.

Advantage 3: Compared with penicillin, the incidence of penicillin allergic reaction is relatively high, especially penicillin can cause anaphylactic shock and be fatal.