How to evaluate the Ming Dynasty? The evaluation of the Ming Dynasty by the historiographical circle

The Ming Dynasty reorganized the East Asian order after the collapse of the Tang Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty passed again, and there was a merit in rebuilding China, and no matter how strong the Qing Dynasty was, it had a hundred years of national shame.

Chinese dynasties: Qin, Han, Ming, Sui, Song, Tang, Jin.

The Ming Dynasty can be said to be a relatively mediocre dynasty among all dynasties, without the strength of the Han and Tang dynasties, without the prosperity of the two Song dynasties, and is relatively decent.

The only thing that makes the Ming Dynasty nostalgic is because it was the last Han dynasty, and there is nothing else to love.

The gross national product of the entire Ming Dynasty was the first in the world, and the level of science and technology was the first in the world.

The peak of the Ming Dynasty's rule was 80 years ago, and the center of gravity of the reign was in Jiajing Wanli for nearly a hundred years. It is a dynasty that stands out and is stunning in every way!

Zhilong Tang and Song dynasties, far away from the Han and Tang dynasties.

It was too soft to the outside world, and it could not cut down the grass and eradicate the roots of the mites like the Tang Dynasty did to Tibet, and finally led to the alien disaster in China, and the next three hundred years were dark.

Fairness, impartiality, openness, and what is wrong should be said. Glorious glory should also be mentioned.

There are no relatives outside the Han Dynasty, there is no Tang Dynasty, there is no Song Dynasty, the Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies.

Everything else is okay, but the imperial power can't do anything to the civilian clique.

Han, Tang, Song and Ming are all quite remarkable!

The Ming Dynasty was iron-clad and uncompromising with foreign enemies. No harmony, no tribute, no land cession, no reparations, the Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies. There is no harmony between the Han and Tang dynasties, and there is no two Song Dynasty coins. It is the most hard-line dynasty in history: Gangming.

The Ming Dynasty did not have the prosperity of the two Song Dynasty, compared to the emperor's dictatorship of the Qing Dynasty, did not have the inclusiveness of the Tang Dynasty, and the territory was not as good as that of the Yuan Dynasty. But the Ming dynasty ended the rule of the Yuan and Mongolia and re-accelerated the integration of nationalities. Culturally, it has created the prosperity of classical **, and produced a series of virtuous and famous Confucians, such as Yang Yanhe, Zhang Juzheng, Wang Yangming, Gu Yanwu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, etc.

In terms of science and technology, the popularization of gunpowder, the refinement of water conservancy methods, and the innovation of agriculture, medicine, and geography have all attracted worldwide attention. Generally speaking, the Ming Dynasty has not made peace with relatives, does not cede land, does not pay compensation, and its 276-year history can be said to be very upright and strong.

The Ming Dynasty was an era of thousands of horses. For many cultures and technologies that began to enter the East Asian continent during the Song and Yuan dynasties, some were absorbed and suppressed as a whole. Some advanced technologies were gradually lost in the Ming Dynasty, or stagnated and did not continue to develop.

Although in the early days of its establishment, it still relied on the old technology left by the Yuan Dynasty and made some hard attempts, but after all, it could not withstand the numerical advantage of the powerful Confucian scholar group. The result is reflected in the history of the Ming Dynasty itself. Poor financial situation, degraded technological level, and worsening of the civil ecological environment.

The conservative regression of culture and scholarship, the brutality of the rulers, and the spiritual degradation of the Confucian scholars and doctors. ‍‍

The Ming Dynasty was a particularly early dynasty in military decline. This decline is not only the result of the suppression of local military power, but also includes the rapid degradation of the ** army units directly under the imperial power. Basically, as soon as the third emperor Zhu Di died, the army as a whole had little vitality to speak of.

Fortunately, there was no strong enemy in the surrounding environment, so it was only exposed after the Tumu Fort.

At that time, China was the most developed country in the world. It affects neighboring countries such as Korea, Japan, Annam, and Guawa. Zheng He went to the West and raised the prestige of the country in Southeast Asia.

During the Ming Dynasty, firearms were used on a large scale. The ships used by the army are equipped with the most advanced cannons in the world. In the later period, due to self-containment, he gradually fell behind.

The political system of the Ming Dynasty was more complete than that of previous dynasties, and it was the most influential in the past dynastiesThe abolition of the prime minister system and the establishment of the cabinet system were the first to be promoted. In history, there were many threats to the imperial power, and the permanent abolition of the prime minister system in the Ming Dynasty was a complete victory of the imperial power over the prime minister. However, due to the huge and complicated government affairs, the emperor could never decide everything personally, so he had to set up cabinet assistants.

This situation determined that, on the one hand, the cabinet was indefinite from the beginning, and its functions and powers were not clear, and later facts also showed that even though the cabinet was favored by the emperor and developed rapidly, it never had a legal status and could not formally command the six ministries and departments.

On the other hand, although the emperor could not do without the cabinet, he was still worried that the cabinet would evolve into a de facto prime minister, and the authority shook the lord, so he used the celebrant to contain it, and the "foreign minister" appeared. "Internal ministers" coexist, and internal ministers are often more powerful in order to be close to the emperor.

On the whole, most of the prime ministers of the past dynasties were people of insight who had been influenced by Confucianism and had a high level of education, and although their concepts of loyalty to the monarch and concern for the country and the people had great class limitations, they still existed after all.

The eunuchs of the ceremonial eunuch are mostly of low cultural quality, and they are favored by the emperor due to various unfixed factors, among which there are many cunning people, such people work together inside and outside the cabinet, and they can only hinder and contain the cabinet power, and it is easy to appear that the eunuchs control the cabinet by the title of Tianxian, and the eunuchs repeatedly abuse their power, which is an important reason why the political day of the Ming Dynasty is darker and even out of control.

The Ming Dynasty was established. On the fourth day of the first month of the twenty-eighth year of Yuan Zhizheng (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang was the emperor in Yingtian (now Nanjing), and the country was named "Daming", Jianyuan Hongwu, Lima was the queen, Zhu Biao was the prince, and Li Shanchang and Xu Da were the left and right prime ministers.

Later, he sent Xu Da and Chang Yuchun to lead the army to the Northern Expedition with the slogan of "expelling Hulu and restoring China". From October of the 27th year of Yuan Zhizheng (1367) to December of the second year of Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty (1369), the Ming army and the Yuan army fought a strategic decisive battle in the Central Plains and the vast area in the northwest. In the first year of Hongwu, the Northern Expedition army was like a bamboo, approaching the capital.

Emperor Yuan Shun saw that the general trend had gone, and fled from Juyong Pass to Shangdu Kaiping (northwest of Duolun, Inner Mongolia). The fall of the Yuan capital marked the end of the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, but it did not mean the unification of the Ming Dynasty. The remnants of the Yuan dynasty in various places and the many separatist regimes established in the late Yuan uprisings threatened the rule of the Ming dynasty.

For this reason, after the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, while carrying out reform and construction, he fought vigorously in the south and the north, and finally realized the great cause of unification in 1388 after 20 years.

No harmony, no compensation, no land (no negotiation), no tribute, the Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies.

In the end of the Ming Dynasty in 276 years, there was no harmony, no compensation, no land cutting, and no tribute. The Son of Heaven guards the country, and the king dies!

Eunuchs are rampant, internal affairs are chaotic, foreign enemies are invading, capitalism is budding!

Upstairs is half-understood, only looking at the surface of the problem. The Eastern Han Dynasty also had eunuch relatives, the Tang Dynasty eunuchs were more powerful, the Song Dynasty's foreign enemies were more powerful than that dynasty, and the Qing Dynasty was even more powerful, and the Eight-Nation Alliance entered Beijing.

From an objective point of view, the Ming Dynasty's martial arts have achieved great evaluation. The history is known as "Zhilong Tang and Song Dynasties" and "Yuanmai Han and Tang Dynasties". The Ming Dynasty, no Han and Tang Dynasty and relatives, no two Song Dynasty coins, the Son of Heaven and the Imperial Gate, the monarch died in Sheji. It should be admired by the generations to come.

It's messy overall, but it's not bad.