High School Biology Does proteolysis to form polypeptides lose water or gain water?

Amino acid dehydration condensation of n amino acids to form a peptide chain will remove n-1 water molecules, and the formation of m peptide chains will remove n-m water molecules. When a peptide ring is formed, n water molecules are removed. To get rid of water is to lose water.

The number of water molecules removed is the same as the number of peptide bonds formed.

The hydrolysis of peptides (i.e., the conversion into amino acids) requires the consumption of water. The amount consumed is the same as the amount of water that is removed to form peptides.

Proteins are spatially structured macromolecules formed by the folding of one or several polypeptides. If only the spatial structure of the protein is destroyed, there is no need to consume water when it is turned back to form several of his polypeptides. However, if it is said that protein hydrolysis is used, water is consumed.

Because the meaning of hydrolysis itself is clear, the amount of water consumed is related to the number of polypeptides formed. To put it simply, you can tell the number of water molecules consumed by how many peptide bonds are broken by hydrolysis (the number of peptide bonds broken is equal to the number of water molecules consumed).

Gotcha! It is the same as the hydrolysis of peptides into amino acids to obtain water, it is the opposite process of dehydration and condensation of amino acids that need to lose water. The water removed from amino acid synthesis polypeptides is the water removed from the process of protein synthesis, because the synthesis of polypeptides to synthesize proteins is not dehydrated, but only the polypeptides are connected with disulfide bonds.

Amino acid formation polypeptides are the formation of peptide bonds, and the dehydration condensation of an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH) is formed to form peptide bonds (-NHCO-) and water.

When a protein is hydrolyzed into a polypeptide, it destroys the spatial structure of the protein, breaking the secondary bonds (non-covalent bonds such as ionic bonds, hydrophobic forces, and van der Waals forces), and partly destroying disulfide bonds, in which water is the carrier and does not directly participate in the chemical reaction, so no water is generated and no water is obtained.

If the polypeptide is hydrolyzed into amino acids, the participation of water is required to break the peptide bond and become amino and carboxyl groups.

In different situations, polypeptides say that amino acid links have no spatial structure, and proteins have spatial structure, but the catalysis of enzymes will definitely break the chain, and water is needed, you can think of amino acids as h-x-oh, x is unknown, there may be a lot, every two of these things combine to become h-x-x-oh, take off a water in the middle, how many amino acids react, hydrolysis into amino acids and peptides are the same, just treat polypeptides as a complex point of amino acids. What kind of formula are you talking about, where do you see it, it is in a separate title, and there are other conditions, some amino acids contain S or something, according to the number of S or some characteristics have special rules.

The difference between protein and peptide is that protein has a unique spatial structure, whereas peptide is only chain-like. So as long as the spatial structure of the protein is gone, it becomes a polypeptide. It is not said whether it is necessary to get water or lose it. But most of the time it's to get water by breaking off some peptide bonds.

Hydrolysis is a reaction that requires the participation of water. So proteolysis is to get water.

Proteins and peptides differ only in their spatial structure, so they must not be aqueous or dehydrated.

Why are we talking about this in chemistry class ...

Peptides are composed of a small number of amino acids, and proteins are usually composed of large molecular weights and many amino acids.

Hydrolysis refers to the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in an alkaline aqueous solution.

The hydrolysates of proteins are amino acids. However, complete hydrolysis often requires a process, that is, long-chain proteins (e.g., hydrolyzed from 1000 amino acids) are first hydrolyzed into short-chain polypeptides (e.g., hydrolyzed from 10 amino acids) under the catalysis of proteases, and finally completely hydrolyzed into amino acids under the catalysis of peptidase.

In the answer above, combustible ice is completely unreasonable, it is a hydrate of methane present in the deep sea.

As for carbonic acid, it is also unrelated to wind horses and cows. It is the hydration of CO2 and the finch is fast.

Hydrolysis does not produce ammonia and alcohol.

The products of thorough oxidation (respiration for Tomono energy) are carbon dioxide and water, as well as urea.

The fact that ABCD and protease hydrolyze proteins into polypeptides, but cannot hydrolyze polypeptides into amino acids, illustrates the specificity of enzymes, ACD errors; b correct

Therefore, b

Two peptide chains, producing 100 water, means that there are a total of 102 amino acids (because each peptide chain has one more amino acid than the number of water lost).A minimum of 306 nucleotides are required to guide the translation of 102 amino acids, while a minimum of 612 deoxynucleotides (DNA) are required to guide the transcription of RNA

So the answer is 612

If the terminator is added, it is 618, but the promoter does not need to be added (because the promoter originally encodes amino acids).

Wrong. Enzymes are specific, and proteases are also divided into trypsin, pepsin, and so on. The peptide bonds corresponding to these enzymes are naturally different.

One protease can only hydrolyze peptide bonds of one or several amino acid combinations.

First of all, it is necessary to clarify the definition of protease:

A general term for a class of enzymes that hydrolyze protein peptide bonds. According to the way it hydrolyzes polypeptides, it can be divided into two categories: endopeptidase and exopeptidase.

Proteases have strict selectivity for the substrates they act on, and one protease can only act on certain peptide bonds in protein molecules, such as peptide bonds formed by trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of basic amino acids.

Therefore, there are different types of peptide bonds, but this is not detailed in high school biology textbooks. Therefore, this sentence is unreasonable if it is an entity in the exam.

At least? That's A, 1 and 1.

Whether it is a peptide compound, it is made by condensation of amino acids. An amino acid must have at least one amino group and one carboxyl group, and the amino and carboxyl groups located in the middle of the peptide chain are used to form peptide bonds. The amino and carboxyl groups can only be counted at both ends of the peptide chain, and there are no free amino groups and carboxyl groups used to form the peptide chain, one end of the peptide chain is a free amino group, and the other end is a free carboxyl group.

Just these two, so it's 1 and 1.

But that's at least. If there are acidic amino acids (with side-chain carboxyl groups, not used to form peptide bonds) and basic amino acids (with side-chain amino groups, not used to form peptide bonds) among the amino acids that form the peptide chain, there will be free amino groups and or carboxyl groups in addition to the free amino and carboxyl groups at both ends of the peptide chain.

Option A, each polypeptide contains at least one amino group and one carboxyl group, and there will also be amino and carboxyl groups in the side chain group R group.

Pick A

Hexapeptide is a polypeptide that is a peptide chain, and a polypeptide should contain at least an amino group and a carboxyl number equal to the number of peptide chains.

At least one at the beginning and one at the end, choose A