What are the main contents of the Meiji Restoration and why are they important?

The Meiji Restoration refers to the top-down and capitalist nature of the comprehensive Westernization and modernization reform movement carried out in Japan at the end of the 60s of the 19th century under the impact of Western capitalist industrial civilization.

This reform began in 1868 with the establishment of a new ** by Emperor Meiji, and the modernization of political reform in Japan and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy. Economically, we have promoted "colonization and development," learned from European and American technologies, carried out a wave of industrialization, and advocated "civilization and enlightenment," Europeanization of social life, and vigorously developed education. This reform made Japan the first country in Asia to embark on the road of industrialization and gradually became one of the world's great powers, which was the beginning of Japan's modernization and an important turning point in Japan's modern history.

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In the second half of the 19th century, following the bourgeois revolutions in Europe and the Americas, there was also a comprehensive reform movement in the political, economic, ideological, and cultural fields in Japan in Asia, known as the "Meiji Restoration".

1. In terms of the social system, the status system of "scholars, farmers, industrialists, and merchants" in the traditional era was abolished, and the nobles such as the ministers and princes in the past were renamed "Hua", the samurai below the daimyo were changed to "scholars", and other agricultural and commercial occupations and untouchables were all called "commoners".

2. In terms of social culture, advocate learning from Western social culture and habits, and translating Western works. In the calendar system, the lunar calendar is discontinued, and the solar calendar is used to calculate the days (except for the year number).

3. Introduce modern industrial technology from the West; Reform the land system, abolish the original land policy, allow land sales and sales, and implement a new land tax policy; Abolish the checkpoints set up by the feudal domains; unified the currency, and in 1882 established the Bank of Japan (the country's ** bank); Abolish the guild system and monopoly organizations in the industrial and commercial sectors, and promote the development of industry and commerce (colonization and industrial development).

4. In terms of education, the development of modern bourgeois compulsory education, the educational institutions promulgated the "Edict on Examination and Education", instilling the ideas of examination and Taoism, loyalty to the monarch and patriotism (some people believe that this move is intended to strengthen the social system of the highest power centralization and pave the way for future foreign expansion). In addition, international students are also selected to study in advanced countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Germany.

5. In terms of military affairs, the army should be reformed, with the army training with reference to Germany and the navy with reference to the British navy. In 1872, a conscription decree was issued, making all adult men over the age of 20 compulsory for military service. 3 years of general service and 2 years of reserve service, which were later increased to 3 years and 9 years of reserve service, for a total of 12 years.

1) Saved Japan from the crisis of becoming a semi-colonial country.

2) From a closed feudal state to a capitalist country, Japan embarked on the road of foreign aggression from the ranks of the Western capitalist powers.

3) Limitations: The reform was not thorough, and a large number of feudal remnants were retained.

1. Positive significance.

1) Replacement of social forms: the transition from feudal society to capitalist society.

2) Got Japan out of the national crisis: abolished unequal treaties and recovered national sovereignty.

3) It provides some experience for other Asian countries to get rid of backwardness and achieve national rejuvenation.

2. Negative meaning.

1) A large number of feudal remnants were retained, such as the emperor system.

2) Begin aggressive expansion against neighboring countries, bringing disaster to the peoples of Asia.

The contents of the Meiji Restoration included political reform, civilization and enlightenment, industrial development, education, military reform, and social justice. The effects included the rapid rise of Japan on the path to capitalism; Directly or indirectly prompted Japan to embark on the road of aggression and expansion. The contents of the Meiji Restoration included political reform, civilization and enlightenment, the development of agriculture, education, military reform, and social justice.

Political reforms include the issuance of a politically programmatic Five-Point Pledge; Meiji** enforced the policy of "returning the copyright" and "abolishing the feudal domain"; The traditional status system of "scholars, farmers, industrialists, and merchants" was abolished, and those who were related to the royal family were renamed "imperial family". Civilization and enlightenment include advocating the study of Western social culture and habits, and translating Western works; In terms of the calendar system, the lunar calendar was discontinued, and the solar calendar was used to calculate the days. The impact of the Meiji Restoration was the rapid rise of Japan and the development of capitalism; The social status of the samurai declined dramatically; directly or indirectly prompted Japan to embark on the path of aggression and expansion, etc.

The content of the Meiji Restoration included political reform, civilization and enlightenment, industrial development, education, military reform, and social justice. The effects included the rapid rise of Japan and the path of developing capitalism, which directly or indirectly prompted Japan to embark on the road of aggression and expansion.

The success of Japan's Meiji Restoration, especially the victory in the Sino-Japanese War, made the people of East Asia and even the whole of Asia realize that the rotten feudal system could no longer allow the nation to be liberated freely.

The reason for the success of the Meiji Restoration.

1. The relative maturity of the Japanese worldview and modern consciousness is a key factor in the role of the Enlightenment. Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan experienced a protracted movement of enlightenment that was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

2. The awakening of a unified national and national consciousness.

3. After the Shogunate grew stronger, it overthrew the corrupt rule of the shogunate and supported Emperor Meiji to implement reforms.

4. The leaders of the Meiji Restoration were bourgeois-lower-level samurai, who had the traditional values of the samurai, such as loyalty, dutifulness, bravery, and a sense of honor, and at the same time had a certain germ of modern Western thought under the direct or indirect influence of Western studies and modern Western civilization.

5. At that time, the capitalist countries were busy invading China and suppressing the resistance of the Chinese people, thus objectively providing a relatively relaxed international environment for the Meiji Restoration.