What is the difference between immunohistochemistry and special staining?

Questions. Know.

When to do immunohistochemical staining for diagnosis.

I'll answer. 1 article.

Perak.

Recommended on 2017-09-15

In recent years, with the development of immunohistochemistry and the emergence of various specific antibodies, many difficult tumors have been definitively diagnosed. In the conventional pathological diagnosis of tumors, 5%-10% of cases are difficult to make a definitive morphological diagnosis by staining alone. In particular, the practical value of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors has been widely recognized, and its accuracy can reach 50%-75% in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumors.

The clinical applications of immunohistochemistry mainly include the following aspects:

diagnosis and differential diagnosis of malignant tumors;

Determine the primary site of metastatic malignancy;

further pathologic classification of a certain type of tumor;

Soft tissue tumors generally need to be classified according to correct histology, because of their many types and similar tissue morphology, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish their tissues, and the use of a variety of markers for immunohistochemical research is indispensable for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors;

The discovery of micrometastases is helpful in the determination of the clinical protocol, including the determination of the scope of surgery.

Provide the best choice of regimen for clinical practice.

It refers to the binding of fluorescent or colorable chemicals to antibodies, and the specific binding reaction between antigens and antibodies in immunology is used to detect the presence of target antigens in cells or tissues, which can be used not only to measure the amount of antigen expression but also to observe the location of antigen expression. As long as it is a substance that can bind to antibodies, that is, substances with antigenicity, including proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, pathogens, etc., can be detected.

Immunohistochemistry is widely used in hospitals because of its specificity, sensitivity, simplicity, rapidity, and low cost, often by specific tumor markers to screen for cancer. Immunohistochemical staining is an important method for basic research, prevention, and diagnosis and treatment.

MLH1(+)MSH2(+)PMS2(+)MSH6(+) is microsatellite stable colorectal cancer, suggesting that fluorouracil-containing chemotherapy regimens are appropriate, and poor differentiation is one of the risk factors.

Immunohistochemistry and special staining are commonly used detection methods in pathological examination, the full name of immunohistochemistry is immunohistochemical staining, the most commonly used in pathological examination is HE staining, and the detection methods using non-HE staining can be called special staining. All of them are the treatment methods of the tissues submitted for examination in the pathological examination, and the tissues can only be observed under the microscope after a series of treatments, whether there are lesions, what the lesions are, etc.

To put it simply, it is to use different reagents to stain and label tissues, and judge the composition of tissue cells surface antigens and intracellular substances according to the reaction and color development, so as to clarify pathological changes and pathological types, and assist in diagnosis and development.

Expanded from data:

A medical judgment on people's mental and physical state. Judgment of a normal person's health status, working ability and a specific physiological process; The judicial authorities' determination of blood ties and the nature of the injury are also diagnostic. It is used to understand the most extensive diagnosis of diseases, and is the premise of **, prognosis, and prevention.

The diagnosis can be a solid disease, a physiological state, or a syndrome. Sometimes it's a major symptom, sign, or test result.

A complete clinical diagnosis should include three aspects: pathological morphology and pathophysiology. Diagnoses can be divided into two categories, descriptive and substantive, depending on the meaning of their content. Symptomatic diagnosis is descriptive and is often used in the department.

Any solid diagnosis that reveals the nature of the disease, such as pneumococcal pneumonia. Most clinical diagnoses are solid.

This should be done pathology, such as checking tumor classification.

Immunohistochemistry non-specific staining suggests that the owner should still check the literature, and the general literature will explain in more detail.

If your ** and the operation process are the same, and one group has no signal and the other group has a signal, then the reason for the difference should be the reaction process of the primary antibody (I don't know what your color development process is); If you can be sure that the results you see are not the actual situation of gene expression, that is, the non-specific staining you are talking about, then it should be the cause of the antibody, in terms of non-specific staining alone, it may be that your antibody dilution is not enough, you can try to double the dilution, it is best to check the dilution ratio of the relevant literature using the same antibody as you, or directly consult the technical support of the company; Another reason may be that your antibodies are not working well, because your other set of antibodies does not provide a positive signal, so your system does not have a reliable control, it is recommended that you choose a positive control, such as Ki67, which is commonly used in tumors, so that you can know if there is a problem with your procedure.

In order to make pathological sections, the diseased tissue is embedded in paraffin blocks, and Bai is cut into thin slices with a DU microtome and dyed.

Pathological section DAO is to take a certain size of diseased tissue, use pathological histology method to make pathological section, embed the diseased tissue in a paraffin block, cut into thin slices with a microtome, and then stain with hematoxylin eosin (H-E), and further examine the lesion with a microscope. The occurrence and development of the lesion and finally the pathological diagnosis is made.

There are many types of soft tissue tumors, and since ordinary pathological sections cannot determine which type of tumor it is, it is expected to obtain a clear pathological diagnosis by labeling some capacitive antibodies that specifically express a certain tumor, so it is necessary to use immunohistochemistry and special staining. After the above techniques, the diagnosis can be confirmed before the analysis of whether it is benign or malignant.

If the doctor requests immunohistochemistry after pathology, there may be two possibilities: first, it is not possible to confirm whether it is cancer at present, and further clarification is needed; Second, it is already known that it belongs to cancer, but the ** and type of cancer cells need to be further clarified to know the later **.

Immunohistochemistry is the application of the basic principle of immunology - antigen-antibody reaction, that is, the principle of specific binding of antigens and antibodies, through chemical reactions to make the chromogenic agents (fluorescein, enzymes, metal ions, isotopes) of labeled antibodies develop color to determine the antigens (peptides and proteins) in tissue cells, and to localize, qualitatively and quantitatively study them, which is called immunohistochemistry or immunocytochemistry ( immunocytochemistry)。

Immunohistochemistry and special staining are two necessary steps to do pathology, so you should do them one by one, don't rush, don't panic.

Specific lipases, not immunohistochemical staining, belong to the special staining range. It is unclear whether this dyeing is present or not.

Immunohistochemistry and special staining.

BAI is only a means of detection, some cases are atypical under the microscope of ordinary pathological sections, and the tissue can not be distinguished from benign and malignant by conventional staining and morphology, so it is necessary to further immunohistochemistry and special staining, histochemistry or other molecular biology detection and analysis, in order to achieve the purpose of determining the tissue, determining the benign and malignant tissue, or further typing, which is helpful to determine the next step and the determination of the surgical plan.

There are many types of soft tissue tumors, and it is not possible to determine which type it is due to ordinary pathological sections.

DAO tumors, therefore, are expected to obtain a clear pathological diagnosis by labeling with some antibodies that specifically express a certain tumor, so it is necessary to use immunohistochemistry and special staining. After the above techniques, it is possible to analyze whether it is benign or malignant after a clear diagnosis, so it is necessary to wait for the results. If the results are available, I can help you analyze them further.

Good luck!

The so-called immunohistochemical staining is to take off the tissue you want to examine, and after a certain amount of staining, check the condition of the cells inside, whether benign or malignant, inflammation or tumor.