Who invented the armillary sphere? Who invented the armillary sphere

The inventor of the armillary sphere is the Luohong of the Western Han Dynasty in China. The armillary sphere was a great scientist in the Eastern Han DynastyZhang HengMake improvements.

An armillary sphere is a general term for an armillary sphere and an armillary image. An armillary sphere is an instrument that measures the spherical coordinates of celestial bodies, while an armillary sphere is a meter used to demonstrate celestial phenomena in ancient times. The earliest surviving armillary sphere in China was made in the Ming Dynasty and is displayed at the Purple Mountain Observatory in Nanjing.

Composition of the armillary sphere.

The armillary sphere is a general term for armillary and armillary spheres. The structure of the armillary image is a large sphere that depicts or inlays the stars, the equator, the ecliptic, the constant hidden circle, the constant display circle, etc., similar to the celestial globe.

An armillary sphere is an observation instrument with a speculum, also known as a lookout tube, which is used to determine the equatorial coordinates of stars and celestial bodies at dusk, midnight and midnight, as well as the ecliptic longitude and horizon coordinates of celestial bodies. The armillary sphere consists of an early quadruple sphere and an equatorial ring.

From the Han Dynasty to the Northern Song Dynasty.

The armillary sphere has added ecliptic rings, horizon rings, meridian rings, hexagrams, white channel rings, inner equatorial rings, right ascension rings, etc. Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Cancel the white ring and change the position of some rings. Guo Shoujing of the Yuan Dynasty.

The ecliptic ring was abolished, and the original armillary sphere was divided into two separate instruments: the simple instrument and the vertical transport instrument.

The invention of the armillary sphere in China was about between the fourth century BC and the first century BC (that is, from the middle of the Warring States period to the Qin and Han dynasties). The early armillary sphere was relatively simple, and after the improvement of astronomers in the past dynasties, in the Tang Dynasty, an armillary zodiac was designed by astronomer Li Chunfeng. The whole instrument is divided into three layers, the outer layer is called the hexagram, including the horizon circle, the meridian circle and the equatorial circle.

The middle layer is called the Sanchenyi, which is composed of the white ring, the ecliptic ring and the equatorial ring. The inner layer is called the four-tour instrument, which includes a four-tour ring and a speculum. The existing Ming armillary sphere is basically this structure, the difference is that the white ring in the trinatal instrument is canceled, and the bipartite ring and the second solstice ring are added.

Because the ring of the armillary sphere is too complex, obscuring the celestial region and affecting observation, the astronomer Guo Shoujing of the Yuan Dynasty simplified it and created a simple instrument.

The armillary sphere is a general term for the armillary sphere and the armillary sphere. An armillary sphere is an instrument that measures the coordinates of a celestial sphere, and an armillary sphere is an instrument used in ancient times to demonstrate celestial phenomena. The armillary sphere and the armillary sphere are instruments that embody the theory of the armillary sphere.

The inventor of the armillary sphere is said to be a falling cymbal of the Western Han Dynasty, which was improved by the Eastern Han Dynasty scientist Zhang Heng. The earliest surviving armillary sphere in China was made in the Ming Dynasty and is displayed at the Purple Mountain Observatory in Nanjing.

The armillary heaven theory is an important cosmology in ancient China, which believes that "the armillary sky is like a chicken, the celestial body is like an egg ball, and the earth is like a chicken yellow". The sky is filled with water, supported by air, and the earth floats on the water. The armillary sphere and the armillary sphere are instruments that embody the armillary theory, that is, "materialization" and "armillary theory".

The inventor of the armillary sphere is said to be the Luohong of the Western Han Dynasty in China, and the great scientist Zhang Heng of the Eastern Han Dynasty made improvements.

The history of the development of astronomy in China is long. By the Han Dynasty, there were schools such as Gaitian, Xuanye and Hun Tian. The armillary heaven theory believes that the sky is like an eggshell, the earth is like an egg yolk, and the heaven and earth stand by the air and carry the water.

Later, the Xuanye theory was lost, and the two theories of Gaitian and Hun Tian were parallel, competing with each other, and the more scientific Hun Tian theory gradually gained the upper hand.

At the same time, instruments for observing celestial phenomena also continued to appear, such as Emperor Wu when Luo Hong made an armillary sphere, Geng Shouchang made an armillary sphere when Emperor Xuan, and Jia Kui, the teacher of Emperor Cui Ming, made a zodiacal bronze instrument.

Zhang Heng inherited and developed the achievements of his predecessors. After Ren Taishi Ling, he was more diligent in "studying the core of yin and yang", and finally "did his best". In the fourth year of the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (117 AD), an unprecedented bronze armillary sphere was created by Zhang Heng.

The armillary sphere is the principle.

The armillary sphere is a general term for the armillary sphere and the armillary sphere, the armillary sphere is an instrument for measuring the spherical coordinates of celestial bodies, and the armillary sphere is a meter used to demonstrate celestial phenomena in ancient times. The armillary sphere and the armillary sphere are instruments that reflect the armillary theory. An armillary sphere is an instrument composed of many concentric rings, and is called an armillary sphere because it is used to observe celestial bodies.

Before the invention of the telescope in the 17th century, it was an indispensable instrument for astronomers in determining the orientation of celestial bodies.

The armillary sphere is divided into several layers inside and outside, each layer can rotate, and there is an iron shaft in the middle that runs through the center of the sphere, and the direction of the axis is the direction of the earth's rotation, and the contact between the axis and the sphere has two intersection points, that is, the north and south poles on the celestial sphere.

Half of the ball is hidden underneath the horizon, and the other half is exposed above it. On the surface of the sphere there are 28 Nakshatras and other stars, and on the surface of the sphere there are also ecliptic circles and equatorial circles, which are at an angle of 24 degrees, and there are 24 solar terms.

From the point of the winter solstice, the circle is divided into 365 degrees, and each degree is subdivided into four small squares. There are two circles on the outside of the sphere, one is the horizon circle and the other is the meridian circle, and the circumference of the outer circle is one zhang four feet six inches and one minute.

The celestial axis supports the meridian circle and is diagonally 36 degrees above the horizon, which means that the North Pole is 36 degrees above the horizon. This is the arctic elevation angle of the Luoyang area, and it is also the geographical latitude of the Luoyang area. The structure of this instrument encompassed almost all the advanced astronomical knowledge of the time.

1. Inventor of the armillary sphere: Zhang Heng.

2, Zhang Heng (78-139 years) let stupid, the word Pingzi. Filial piety Han nationality, Nanyang Xi'e (now Shiqiao Town, Nanyang City, Henan) people are frank and cautious, one of the five saints of Nanyang, and Sima Xiangru, Yangxiong, Ban Gu and called the four families of Han Fu.

The armillary sphere is an instrument for measuring the spherical coordinates of celestial bodies, and the armillary sphere is an instrument used to demonstrate celestial phenomena in ancient times. The armillary sphere and the armillary sphere are instruments that reflect the armillary theory.

The armillary sky is an important cosmic theory in ancient China, which believes that "the armillary sky is like a chicken, the celestial body is round like an egg ball, and the earth is like a chicken in the yellow", the sky is full of water, the sky is supported by qi, and the earth floats on the water. The armillary sphere and the armillary sphere are instruments that reflect the armillary theory, that is, "materialization" and "armillary theory".

Luo Xiahong was an astronomer in the Western Han Dynasty of the Han Dynasty, who proposed the theory of armillary heaven, innovated the theory of "the origin of the universe" in ancient China, and invented the "universal rate", which influenced Chinese astronomy and mathematics for 2000 years. The calendar he co-created with Deng Ping, Tang Du and others is superior to the other 17 calendars proposed at the same time.