Pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities

Arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower limbs is the same disease as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction, only the diseased organs are different, so patients with arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower limbs may have cerebral infarction or myocardial infarction. The condition of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs is divided into four stages from superficial to deep, from mild to severe, and the clinical symptoms of each stage are as follows:

1. Early stage: patients may have cold and cold feet, especially in winter, such as a pair of socks in the previous winter can be used to keep warm, and a pair of socks still feel cold and cold in the feet under the same circumstances after the disease;

2. Intermittent claudication period: pain after walking, pain at a stable distance, such as no pain when walking 400 meters, pain after walking to 600 meters, and walking after rest;

3. Resting pain period: that is, the patient can feel pain in the blood vessels and lower limbs when the patient is in a resting state, especially when sleeping at night, which is a manifestation of aggravation of the disease;

4. Gangrene stage: also known as necrosis of the lower limbs, that is, the distal toes, feet or lower legs appear cold, purple, black, or even charcoal-like, and there is a possibility of amputation at this time.

Therefore, it is recommended that patients should be diagnosed early, detected early, and treated in a regular hospital as soon as possible and followed up and rechecked regularly.

Lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusive foot has been opened is pus what to do: Hello Zhang Yuemei, there is no good way to do this situation, it is recommended to go to a regular higher-level hospital to check it out.

Lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion, femoral artery, popliteal artery occlusion: Hello! If the blood vessels in the lower extremities are blocked, if the limb movement is affected, surgery may be considered, and the above drugs may be used in combination**.

Hello, this situation is generally considered to require the use of vasodilators**, if necessary, surgery**, it is recommended to provide specific clinical symptoms for convenience.

Arteriosclerosis occlusion of the lower limbs, swollen feet without pain: Du Yunmeng atherosclerosis of the lower limbs, generally does not cause swelling, as long as the blood barrier of the lower limbs arteries causes cold pain in the feet and calves, and the swelling is mostly slowed down is directly related to the venous blood chai shanguan disease of the lower limbs, and the swelling is considered to be deep vein inflammation and thrombosis. The problem cannot be solved by simply using Xuesaitong and Wei Brain Pathway, and it is recommended that traditional Chinese medicine can be used to treat the symptoms.

Patients with arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the left lower extremity: Su Zhenchao, in this case, it is usually recommended to try to add vitamin E, in addition, oral Chinese patent medicine, ginkgo biloba, astragalus, ligustrazine, etc. can improve the clinical symptoms of cerebral arteriosclerosis, reduce blood lipids, blood viscosity.

Can lower limb arteriosclerosis occlusive disease be used hyperbaric oxygen movers: Hello Zhang Yuemei, the causes of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower limbs are complex and difficult. Generally taken to do intervention, etc.**.

I don't know much about hyperbaric femoral artery impingement technology**, I'm not in Shanghai. I'm so sorry.

Arteriosclerosis occlusive disease (PAD) of the lower extremities is caused by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the lower limbs, resulting in narrowing and occlusion of the arteries of the lower limbs, which in turn leads to chronic ischemia of the limbs. With the improvement of the overall living standard of society and the aging of the population, the incidence of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower limbs is increasing year by year.

Symptoms of arteriosclerosis occlusion of the lower extremities include:

1. Intermittent claudication: it is the main symptom, which is characterized by lower limb pain after walking for a certain distance, which can be completely relieved by resting for 3-5 minutes, and the same symptoms can occur if the patient continues to walk the same distance;

2. Pulselessness: the dorsalis pedis artery is not palpable;

3. Cold and numbness of the lower limbs: it can appear in the later stage of the disease;

4. Foot ulcer and gangrene: common in patients with diabetes mellitus and lower limb arteriosclerosis obliterans.

Arteriosclerosis occlusion, as the name suggests, is the atherosclerotic change of the arteries in the body, which can be understood as the aging of blood vessels, and the formation of a lot of atheromatous plaques in the intima of blood vessels, which gradually enlarge and cause narrowing of blood vessels, and even cause blood vessel blockage. This kind of arteriosclerotic plaque can occur in various arteries and blood vessels throughout the body, and if it occurs in the arteries of the lower limbs, it is arteriosclerosis occlusion of the lower limbs.

Patients with arteriosclerosis occlusion of the lower limbs often manifest as coldness and numbness of the lower limbs, muscle spasms of the legs, and severe cramps in the early stage, which are often mixed with other diseases due to atypical symptoms. Secondly, the most common symptom of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower limbs should be a certain amount of pain after exercise, thinking that the calves, buttocks, thighs, back and other parts of the pain. Secondly, there is also pain at rest, which is a symptom of severe ischemia in the body.

In the early stage of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower limbs, patients generally feel that the lower limbs are often cold and numb, and the leg muscles will spasm, commonly known as cramps. Because these early lesions are not typical and can be easily confused with other diseases, patients are often mistaken for calcium deficiency or lumbar prolapse in the elderly, and then misdiagnosed and mistreated, delaying their own disease. Therefore, it is necessary to remind patients with the above symptoms that they should go to a regular hospital to confirm the diagnosis through scientific examination methods.

Post-exercise pain: If ischemia is not improved, it will continue to develop what is medically called "intermittent claudication", which is the most common symptom of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower limbs, which is manifested by the patient walking a certain distance, due to the increase in muscle oxygen consumption, but insufficient blood supply, causing tissue hypoxia, spasmodic pain, forced to stop exercising, after resting for a while, through collateral circulation, gradually blood ** recovers again, pain is relieved, and after exercising again, pain can recur. The most common is pain in the lower legs, followed by the buttocks, thighs, back, feet, etc.

As ischemia worsens, the distance over which the patient will experience pain after walking will become shorter and shorter, from a few hundred meters to the last ten meters, or even a few meters. Pain at rest: Medically known as resting pain, it is a manifestation of severe ischemia of the limbs, that is, when the patient is not exercising, the muscles and other tissues will still have pain due to insufficient blood supply, especially at night when the patient falls asleep.

Elevation of the lower limbs makes the pain worse, and the pain is relieved by lowering or with slight movement, which makes it difficult for the patient to sleep and nervous. This period prompts the patient to be active**, otherwise further development will enter the necrotic stage. Tissue ischemia, hypoxia and eventually necrosis:

During this period, the patient has severe arterial occlusion with poor collateral circulation, or is complicated by arterial thromboembolism. When the symptoms of necrosis are mild, the limbs will have tissue dystrophy, **roughness, scaling, or cracking; sparse or detached hair; Toe (finger) nails grow slowly, thicken, and are less shiny, and a broken foot is very difficult to heal. When the symptoms of necrosis are aggravated, necrosis occurs in the lower limbs, and patients with concurrent infection may have systemic poisoning and even life-threatening, and some patients eventually face amputation.

The symptoms of arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs are manifested in the early stage, mainly coldness, whiteness, and numbness of the lower limbs. To further aggravate intermittent capacitive claudication, that is, after walking for a period of time, there will be heaviness, numbness, and pain in the lower limbs, and you can continue to walk after resting. Further aggravation will cause rest pain, that is, numbness and pain in the lower limbs that affect rest during the rest state or at night.

If the rest pain is not controlled in time, it will further develop into tissue ulcers and gangrene, that is, the toes, feet and even calves appear to be ulcerated, and the color turns black, and this step is the most serious situation. Often to the point where distal rupture or gangrene occurs, the risk of amputation is already very high.

1. Clinical manifestations.

Arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities can occur in both men and women, with men being the majority, and often onset in middle age. According to the fontaine stage, the course of the disease is divided into the following four clinical periods:

1. Mild symptom period: In the early stage of the disease, most patients are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, such as cold intolerance. Acral paresthesia, walking fatigue, etc.

2. Intermittent claudication: Intermittent claudication is a characteristic manifestation of arteriosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower limbs and a common symptom. When the patient walks a certain distance, due to ischemia and hypoxia, the muscles of the lower leg spasm, pain and fatigue are weak, and the walking must be stopped and rested for a while before the symptoms can be relieved before the activity can be continued.

3. Resting pain period: when the artery is further narrowed and the collateral circulation is seriously insufficient, the affected limb is in a rather serious ischemic state, and pain, numbness and paresthesia are felt even at rest. The pain is usually located in the front half of the foot or toes of the affected limb, and it is easy to occur at night and when lying down.

At this stage, the affected limb often has nutritional changes, which are manifested as thin wax paper, slow growth and deformation and thickening of the nails, flushing when the affected foot goes down to the ground, but pale when it is raised, sparse hair on the calf, muscle atrophy, etc.

4. Tissue necrosis stage: when the blood perfusion of the affected limb cannot even meet the most basic metabolism, so that the slight damage cannot be repaired, the acral ulcer will occur, the toe end or the compressed part is prone to occur, and the limb gangrene will occur in severe cases.

Arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities is a common geriatric disease, and most patients are over 50 years old. The so-called lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusive disease is actually atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower limbs with age, and plaque formation occurs, which narrows or blocks the lumen of the arteries. Go to a regular professional hospital for further examination and diagnosis in time.

Symptoms that can be caused by arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities:

Stage: No obvious symptoms in the early stage, or slight discomfort, such as pain, numbness, chills, chills, etc.

Period: intermittent claudication, that is, leg pain and soreness after walking for a certain distance, which can be relieved by rest, and the symptoms reappear after walking again, and so on.

Period: Pain at rest, i.e., pain in the extremities of the patient at rest, which tends to occur when lying flat and resting at night.

Stage: When the disease progresses to a severe stage, the limbs can develop ulcers, gangrene, and if not timely, they will face the risk of amputation and death.

Self-evaluation of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities.

Arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities should be distinguished from thromboangiitis obliterans, thromboangiitis: more common in young men aged 20-45 years, extremely rare in women, 60-70% of patients have a history of exposure to cold, humidity and trauma, and more than 95% of patients have a severe smoking habit. Lesions predominantly affect small and medium arteries of the extremities, and superficial veins and accompanying veins are also commonly affected.

In general, there is no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, or arteriosclerosis.

Arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities is a lesion caused by narrowing and obstruction of large blood vessels. It is more common in older people,** often in large and medium-sized blood vessels above the knee and causes intermittent claudication and resting pain. If gangrene is present, it is dry in nature, which is still different from diabetic foot and thromboangiitis obliterans.

Atherosclerosis of the lower limbs is more common than the lower limbs, especially the leg arteries, which cause coldness, numbness and intermittent claudication of the lower limbs due to blood supply disorders, that is, numbness, pain and spasm of the gastrocnemius muscles occur when walking, disappear after rest, and reappear when walking; In severe cases, there may be persistent pain, and the pulse of the arteries of the lower extremities, especially the dorsalis pedis artery, may weaken or disappear. Gangrene can occur when the lumen of the artery is completely occluded.

The differential diagnosis of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower extremities includes: 1. Non-vascular diseases: such as lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis, which can also be manifested as intermittent claudication, but lumbar disc herniation and lumbar spinal stenosis do not have pale and cool lower limbs, and the pulse of the dorsalis pedis artery is normal; 2. Vascular-related diseases:

For example, vasculitis is more common in young men with a history of long-term smoking and outdoor sports, mainly affecting distal arterioles; 3. Others: such as diabetic foot and Takayasu's arteritis, which are less common in clinical practice.

The symptoms of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of both lower extremities depend mainly on the vascular lesion and the degree of ischemia in the affected organs (both lower extremities). In general, the clinical manifestations of early bilateral lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusive disease are relatively mild, or there are no symptoms.

In the middle of the patients with arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of the lower limbs, most of them will have more or less palpitations, palpitations, chest pain, chest tightness, and some will also have numbness, soreness, and claudication in the limbs, and different patients will have different symptoms.

Therefore, patients should understand some relevant knowledge about the symptoms of arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of both lower extremities as early as possible, so that the best way for arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of both lower extremities is to achieve early detection, early prevention.

For patients with arteriosclerosis occlusive disease of both lower limbs, they should pay attention to their daily life, massage their limbs more to promote blood circulation, and eat more light food in their diet, and do not smoke or drink.